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1.
脑垂体促性腺激素分泌的影响 《中国水产科学》2005,12(2):113-118
性类固醇激素对性腺发育期间的鱼类促性腺激素(GTH)分泌有负反馈作用,而对性未成熟的鱼类GTH分泌有正反馈作用.本实验选取性腺发育中期的长臀(鱼危)(Cranoglanis
bouderius)进行研究,将实验用鱼分成4组(实验重复3次,每组共用6尾鱼,)①持续性17β-雌二醇(17β-Estradiol,E2)处理;②E2在注入促性腺激素释放激素类似物(Analogue
of gonadotropin-releasing hormone,GnRH-A)脉冲刺激的处理;③持续性甲基睾酮(17α-methyltestosterone,MT)处理;④MT在注入GnRH-A脉冲刺激的处理;采用离体灌流孵育和GTH放射免疫测定的方法研究E2和MT对长臀(鱼危)脑垂体GTH分泌的影响.持续性的E2(1μmol/L)处理能显著性地抑制长臀(鱼危)脑垂体碎片基础GTH的分泌,而持续性的MT(1μmmol/L)处理能抑制长臀(鱼危)3脑垂体碎片基础GTH的分泌,同时E2和MT处理能抑制GnRH-A刺激的GTH分泌,而高浓度的E2和MT处理(10μmol/L)要比低浓度的E2和MT处理(0.1μmol/L)对长臀(鱼危)脑垂体碎片基础GTH释放抑制能力强.这些结果表明,在离体实验中,E2和MT对性腺发育中期的长臀(鱼危)脑垂体的GTH的分泌具有负反馈的作用,并且可能直接参与了长臀(鱼危)脑垂体的GTH调节. 相似文献
2.
17β-雌二醇和甲基睾酮对离体长臀(鱼危)脑垂体促性腺激素分泌的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
性类固醇激素对性腺发育期间的鱼类促性腺激素(GTH)分泌有负反馈作用,而对性未成熟的鱼类GTH分泌有正反馈作用.本实验选取性腺发育中期的长臀(鱼危)(Cranoglanis bouderius)进行研究,将实验用鱼分成4组(实验重复3次,每组共用6尾鱼,):①持续性17β-雌二醇(17β-Estradiol,E2)处理;②E2在注入促性腺激素释放激素类似物(Analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone,GnRH-A)脉冲刺激的处理;③持续性甲基睾酮(17α-methyltestosterone,MT)处理;④MT在注入GnRH-A脉冲刺激的处理;采用离体灌流孵育和GTH放射免疫测定的方法研究E2和MT对长臀(鱼危)脑垂体GTH分泌的影响.持续性的E2(1μmol/L)处理能显著性地抑制长臀(鱼危)脑垂体碎片基础GTH的分泌,而持续性的MT(1μmmol/L)处理能抑制长臀(鱼危)3脑垂体碎片基础GTH的分泌,同时E2和MT处理能抑制GnRH-A刺激的GTH分泌,而高浓度的E2和MT处理(10μmol/L)要比低浓度的E2和MT处理(0.1μmol/L)对长臀(鱼危)脑垂体碎片基础GTH释放抑制能力强.这些结果表明,在离体实验中,E2和MT对性腺发育中期的长臀(鱼危)脑垂体的GTH的分泌具有负反馈的作用,并且可能直接参与了长臀(鱼危)脑垂体的GTH调节. 相似文献
3.
性类固醇激素对性腺发育期间的鱼类促性腺激素(GTH)分泌有负反馈作用，而对性未成熟的鱼类GTH分泌有正反馈作用。本实验选取性腺发育中期的长臀鮠(Cranoglanis bouderius)进行研究，将实验用鱼分成4组(实验重复3次，每组共用6尾鱼，)：①持续性17β-雌二醇(17β-Estradiol，E2)处理；②E2在注入促性腺激素释放激素类似物(Analogue of gonadotropin—releasing hormone，GnRH-A)脉冲刺激的处理；③持续性甲基睾酮(17α-methyltestosterone，MT)处理；④MT在注入GnRH-A脉冲刺激的处理；采用离体灌流孵育和GTH放射免疫测定的方法研究E2和MT对长臀鮠脑垂体GTH分泌的影响。持续性的E2(1μmol／L)处理能显著性地抑制长臀鮠脑垂体碎片基础GTH的分泌，而持续性的MT(1μmmol／L)处理能抑制长臀鮠脑垂体碎片基础GTH的分泌，同时E2和MT处理能抑制GnRH-A刺激的GTH分泌，而高浓度的E2和MT处理(10μmol／L)要比低浓度的E2和MT处理(0．1μmol／L)对长臀鮠脑垂体碎片基础GTH释放抑制能力强。这些结果表明，在离体实验中，E2和MT对性腺发育中期的长臀鮠脑垂体的GTH的分泌具有负反馈的作用，并且可能直接参与了长臀鮠脑垂体的GTH调节。 相似文献
4.
金属硫蛋白(Metallothionein,MT)是一种低分子量的蛋白质,广泛存在于大多数生物体内,在参与必需金属元素调节和非必需金属元素的解毒等方面具有重要作用。介绍了MT的结构与功能,对贝类MT的诱导机制、解毒机理、降解与金属排除进行概述,探讨了MT诱导合成过程中的一些主要影响因素。由于贝类MT能够通过多途径诱导,而且存在众多的环境因素和自身生理因素的影响,MT的变化规律往往出现较大的波动性。因此,今后的研究重点会是贝类MT作为污染监测指示物的研究、重金属诱导MT数学模型的构建以及贝类MT产品的开发等方面。 相似文献
5.
重金属诱导贝类金属硫蛋白研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
金属硫蛋白(Metallothionein,MT)是一种低分子量的蛋白质,广泛存在于大多数生物体内,在参与必需金属元素调节和非必需金属元素的解毒等方面具有重要作用。介绍了MT的结构与功能,对贝类MT的诱导机制、解毒机理、降解与金属排除进行概述,探讨了MT诱导合成过程中的一些主要影响因素。由于贝类MT能够通过多途径诱导,而且存在众多的环境因素和自身生理因素的影响,MT的变化规律往往出现较大的波动性。因此,今后的研究重点会是贝类MT作为污染监测指示物的研究、重金属诱导MT数学模型的构建以及贝类MT产品的开发等方面。 相似文献
6.
鱼类对营养物质的需求和其它动物一样均需求蛋白质、脂肪、糖(碳水化合物)、维生素和无机盐等五大类营养物质。不同种鱼类和同一种鱼的不同生长阶段,对营养物质的需求量不同。本讲介绍主要淡水养殖鱼类对蛋白质、脂肪、糖、维生素及无机盐的需要量。这些资料对构成配合饲料各营养素的适当含量,编制合理配合饲料的配方提供理论依据。一、蛋白质:蛋白质是鱼类生长和维持生命的物质基础。鱼的生长主要是指蛋白质在体内的积累。鱼类对蛋白质的需要量比较高,一般说来是哺乳动物和 相似文献
7.
为了深入解析胰岛素调控鱼类营养物质代谢的机制,本文综述了鱼类胰岛素信号系统的3个重要成员(胰岛素、胰岛素受体以及胰岛素受体底物)的结构特征和表达规律,以及胰岛素对营养物质(糖类、脂肪和蛋白质)代谢调控方面的研究进展。目前,在鱼类,虽然胰岛素信号传递系统的研究已取得了一定的进展,但仍有需要重点加强的研究:(1)鱼类不同亚型胰岛素、胰岛素受体和胰岛素受体底物基因的功能研究,解析鱼类胰岛素信号传递系统的调控机制;(2)加强胰岛素对鱼类营养物质代谢调控机制的研究,揭示不同食性鱼类胰岛素信号传递系统调控功能的异同;(3)深入开展鱼类胰岛素信号传导通路和调控机制的研究,全面解析胰岛素调控鱼类营养物质代谢的分子机制。 相似文献
8.
蛋白质和脂肪等是鱼类生长和维持生命活动必不可少的营养素，尤其蛋白质极为重要。研究鱼类对蛋白质的需要量，不仅可满足鱼类的需要、加速鱼类的生长，而且可提高鱼类对蛋白质的利用率。国内外通常采用蛋白质梯度法测定鱼类的蛋白质需要量，但该法仅适用于摄食人工饵料的鱼类。鳜鱼终身以活鱼虾为饵料，所以蛋白质梯度法不适于测定鳜鱼对蛋白质的需要量。为此，我们采用分阶段饲养法，即在幼鳜不同生长阶段定量地投喂其适口饵料，以幼鳜个体增重、饵料系数和蛋白质利用率计算出幼鳜对蛋白质的日需要量及投饵率。 相似文献
9.
蛋白质是构成鱼体的主要物质,也是决定鱼类生长快慢和养殖是否高产的最关键因素。关于鱼类对饵料蛋白质最适需要量的研究,国内外鱼类营养学工作者已做了大量工作。范福熙等(1986)以酪蛋白为蛋白源测得革胡子鲶鱼种生长阶段饵料蛋白质适宜需要量为37.5％,对于利用我国目前的饲料资源,如油饼类、谷实类、糠麸类等组成的饵料配方,在大面积池塘中进行革胡子鲶这种以肉食性为主的杂食性鱼类的养殖所需要的饵料蛋白质适宜量,目前尚不十分清楚。为了探讨革胡子鲶池塘养殖高产经济合理的配方,我们进行了池塘养殖条件下,不同的蛋白质的饵料配 相似文献
10.
1、鲑鳟鱼类对蛋白质与氨基酸的营养需求鲑鳟鱼类对蛋白质和氨基酸的需求与温水性鱼类相比,一是需要较高的蛋白质,一般为30%—55%,且动物性蛋白质占总量蛋白质的35%—70%;二是需要10种必需氨基酸,但对限制性氨基酸(蛋氨酸、赖氨酸和色氨酸)的需要量比温水性鱼类高0.6—2.5倍,而且要求氨基酸平衡性(即氨基酸的种类、含量及氨基酸之间比率)较好;当限制性氨基酸缺乏时,鲑鳟鱼类极易出现营养性疾病,导致免疫力和应激能力的降低。这就要求饲料中所提供给鲑鳟鱼类的蛋白质应为“理想蛋白质”,且易消化和吸收。表1鲑鳟鱼类对饲料蛋白质的需求量鱼类… 相似文献
11.
Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
12.
Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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14.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
15.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
16.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
17.
Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
18.
Sandra García‐Garrido Ismael Hachero‐Cruzado Carlos Rosas Pedro Domingues 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1741-1751
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting. 相似文献
19.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
20.
There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献