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1.
针对沼液中悬浮物含量高、重金属残留等问题，该研究采用陶瓷膜进行预处理，开展膜过滤工艺参数优化和污染物去除效果的试验。首先证明7种不同孔径陶瓷膜中10～50 nm超滤陶瓷膜通量较高，再选择20 nm膜进行后续沼液温度、膜面流速和浓缩倍数等因素对陶瓷膜通量影响的研究。结果显示：20 nm陶瓷膜通量随温度升高呈指数型增长；较适宜的膜面流速为3.0 m/s，对应的膜通量可达175 L/(m2·h)；经济性较高的变频器运行频率范围为40～45 Hz；20 nm陶瓷膜的极限浓缩倍数大于10倍，优于100 nm膜。20 nm陶瓷膜可完全去除沼液中浊度，同时较好的保留溶解性有机质和氮磷钾等无机营养，并对沼液中多种重金属具有良好的阻控效果，综合考虑其生产工艺和使用成本，20 nm陶瓷膜有广阔的实际应用前景。 相似文献
2.
利用海水汲取液的沼液正渗透浓缩技术 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
为实现沼液浓缩以提高其应用价值,该试验以海水作为汲取液,采用正渗透技术对山东某海滨猪场的沼液进行浓缩。试验结果表明,正渗透浓缩倍数为2时的膜通量最高可达到9.5 L/(m2·h);沼液浓缩后的总含盐量、总钾、总磷、总氮、化学需氧量的回收率均可以达到96.7%以上,在保证较高膜通量的条件下沼液体积最高可减小为原液的1/4;对数据拟合分析的结果表明,在沼液浓缩倍数为3时,正渗透膜具有较高的浓缩效率,可达到3.9 L2/(m2·h·g)。综上,采用正渗透技术对沼液进行浓缩的方式是可行的,这不仅缓解了沼液不能及时消纳所造成的资源浪费,而且还可以提高沼液作为肥料的应用价值。 相似文献
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4.
沼液基含腐植酸水溶性液体肥制取工艺参数优化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探索沼液开发含腐植酸水溶性液体肥的可行性和工艺方法,促进沼液无害化处理和资源化利用,该文以沼液为基料,以黄瓜配方肥为基肥,螯合剂、稳定剂为辅料,开展了不同工艺参数(沼液添加量、稳定剂添加量、螯合剂添加量,反应温度,反应时间)对含腐植酸水溶性液体肥质量指标影响的单因素和正交试验。结果表明:沼液、螯合剂、稳定剂添加量以及反应温度、时间对液体肥中水不溶物含量有重要影响,沼液制取黄瓜专用型含腐植酸水溶性液体肥的较优工艺参数为:基肥添加量为原料质量的39.6%,沼液添加量为59%,螯合剂添加量为4%,稳定剂添加量为0.4%,反应温度为40℃、反应时间为1.5 h的条件下,所获得的液体肥中总养分质量浓度为220.47 g/L,腐植酸质量浓度为33.25 g/L,水不溶物质量浓度为18.6 g/L,利用该工艺方法生产出来的沼液基含腐植酸水溶性液体肥料产品具有腐植酸、氮磷钾营养元素含量高、水不溶物含量低等特点。该研究为利用沼液开发高品质含腐植酸水溶性液体肥提供技术支撑。 相似文献
5.
《农业工程学报》2018,(Z1)
针对不同风速储存条件沼液氨挥发特性及理化指标变化规律不明晰等问题,设计沼液储存及氨气挥发测定装置,使用强制通风法对氨气取样监测,研究鸡粪沼液在风速0(密闭储存,WS0)、1(气体流量32.33 m3/h,WS1)、2(气体流量65.72 m3/h,WS2)m/s储存条件下的氨挥发特性及总氮(total nitrogen,TN)、化学需氧量(chemical oxygendemand,COD)等降解情况。结果表明,沼液氨挥发通量均呈现先升后降的趋势,均于第12天达到挥发峰值,分别为2.28、4.42和7.21 g/(m2·d),总挥发量分别为1.80、3.90、7.12 g。储存期间沼液温度在13～24℃范围波动,总体温度和变化趋势均与室温相似。鸡粪沼液呈现弱碱性,初始pH值为8.38,3组试验在储存过程中pH值均不断上升,试验结束后达到了9.17、8.82、8.92;沼液中氮素主要以铵态氮形式存在,初始铵态氮占总氮含量的84.99%;储存过程中沼液铵态氮质量浓度均呈现先升后降的变化规律,均于第7天达到最高值,分别为3 451.27,3 562.60,3 582.67 mg/L,试验结束后下降到3 030.20、2 762.67、2 794.87 mg/L,降幅为7.64%、15.79%、14.81%。TN和COD降幅均随着风速的增大而增大,TN依次下降了10.97%、18.95%、25.83%;COD依次下降了10.38%、18.61%、20.35%。研究结果可为沼液合理储存以及氨气减排措施的设计提供数据支撑。 相似文献
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柑桔汁陶瓷膜微滤澄清和污染阻力试验 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了探讨柑桔汁微滤澄清技术及微滤膜污染阻力,建立膜清洗方法,研究以0.2 mm陶瓷膜微滤柑桔汁时膜通量变化及处理效果,结果表明：当温度30℃、压差0.16 MPa及膜面流速4 m/s时,全循环模式下稳定膜通量为22.4 L/(m2·h),浓缩模式下体积浓缩因子为12时,膜通量为10.6 L/(m2·h),澄清汁得率达91.67%;澄清汁浊度仅为0.62 NTU,澄清度高达99.93%,且各主要营养成分变化不大。通过建立膜污染阻力模型,考察操作参数对各分解阻力的影响,进而研究膜污染动力学后发现：压差对不可逆极化层阻力影响最为明显;增大膜面流速显著降低各极化层阻力,但对不可逆污染阻力作用不大;升高温度使得各阻力下降;膜污染可用拟二级速率方程描述。研究污染膜清洗过程,结果表明采用去离子水、1% NaOH和0.5% NaClO混合液、0.2% HNO3溶液依次清洗膜,膜通量可迅速恢复。 相似文献
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中空纤维膜分离燕麦蛋白工艺及膜清洗方案 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以燕麦蛋白回收率、总糖清除率、膜的污染度、浓缩效率及膜通量恢复率为指标,优化了中空纤维膜分离燕麦蛋白的工艺参数及膜的清洗方案。在温度35℃、压力0.02 MPa、pH值=8、流量25 L/h条件下利用MOF503分离经滤纸预处理的燕麦蛋白提取液,燕麦蛋白回收率、总糖清除率、膜的污染度及浓缩效率分别为80.3%、79.5%、41%、 43.5 L/(m2·h),同时,若采用分批超滤方式并辅以定期在线负压反冲清洗更有利于MOF503超滤处理燕麦蛋白提取液;通过物理和化学清洗方法对MOF503清洗效果的研究,表明物理清洗中的负压反冲清洗效果要明显优于等压水力清洗,化学清洗中HCl(pH值=2)和NaOH+H2O2+HCl比其他的效果要好,若物理和化学清洗协同作用,可使MOF503膜通量恢复率达94.74%。该研究表明利用中空纤维膜分离燕麦蛋白是可行的,并且将为膜分离蛋白的研究提供一定的技术依据。 相似文献
8.
沼液一体化综合处理与循环利用工艺 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
沼液过滤膜浓缩作为沼液处理的一个新方向,得到了广泛关注。该文将可堆肥处理的生物质材料秸秆作为滤料引入沼液的预处理,并对沼液过滤、膜浓缩及秸秆滤料堆肥效果进行了整体研究。研究结果表明,经过秸秆、火山岩、石英砂依次过滤后,可以去除沼液中95%以上的悬浮物,过滤后的秸秆经过简单晾晒,在含水率为75%的情况下,可以正常升温堆肥,高温期可以持续10 d,经过28 d堆置后基本达到腐熟要求,堆肥产品总养分含量接近5%,但含水率下降不明显。经过预处理的沼液进行超滤和纳滤之后,营养物质含量得到不同程度的提升,和未处理的原液相比,氮磷钾含量分别提升了2.6倍、1.9倍和4.5倍,Mg和Fe的浓缩倍数均达到10以上,氨基酸浓度提高了8.8倍,而且纳滤产生的透过液基本可以达到农田灌溉水水质标准。该研究结果为沼液的处理利用提供了参考。 相似文献
9.
为解决现有沼液氨氮膜回收技术中氮肥浓度低和副产物价值低的问题,该研究提出采用膜蒸馏结晶技术实现沼液中氨氮的结晶回收。研究中,通过提升近饱和接收液的温度来平衡膜两侧的水蒸气分压,在保证氨氮传质通量的情况下最小化水分传质。操作结束后接收液中铵盐达到超饱和状态,冷却至常温即可回收铵盐晶体。结果表明,当进料侧沼液温度为40℃时,近饱和磷酸二氢铵温度需提高至47℃,而使用硫酸为吸收剂时,近饱和硫酸铵溶液温度需提高至65℃。酸液温度升高对氨通量也有促进作用,氨通量由40℃时的10.70 g/(m2·h)小幅提升至70℃时的14.90 g/(m2·h)。进料侧氨氮质量浓度的提升可显著增加氨氮回收通量。磷酸二氢铵为吸收剂时,试验6 h后晶体中的氨氮回收率为77.60%,采用硫酸为吸收剂时可提高至92.20%。继续延长处理时间,晶体中的氨氮回收率甚至超过100%。显然,采用膜蒸馏结晶技术回收沼液氨氮具一定的可行性,研究结果可为沼液氨氮的高价值回收提供一定参考。 相似文献
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基于正渗透技术的沼液浓缩工艺优化 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为解决沼液体积过大,难以实际应用的问题,采用正渗透技术对沼液进行浓缩。通过对不同条件下沼液正渗透浓缩工艺运行性能的研究,发现较优的膜朝向为活性层朝向沼液;错流速度宜采用20.5 cm/s;汲取液宜选择浓度为2 mol/L的MgCl_2溶液。在上述优化条件下将沼液浓缩至5倍。浓缩后的沼液中溶解性有机物、总磷、总氮、氨氮和总钾浓度均显著提高。正渗透膜对上述物质的截留率均达到80%以上。该研究为沼液正渗透浓缩技术的广泛应用提供了一定的技术基础。 相似文献
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低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
15.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
16.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
17.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
18.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献
19.
Yoav Bashan Bernardo Salazar Ma. Esther Puente Macario Bacilio Robert Linderman 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2009,45(6):585-594
To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse
trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus
were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB;
the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons
reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened
later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons
growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants,
no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi,
enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant.
In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after
30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination
only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity
to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as
compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it. 相似文献
20.
Detailed karyotypes and 4C DNA amounts have been studied in five cultivars of Cajanus cajan and 20 species belonging to Cajanus, Rhynchosia, Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx. C. cajan shows intraspecific variability and its karyotype is most similar to that of C. cajanifolius (sect. Cajanus) in the morphology and number of satellite chromosomes and the lack of any correlation between chromosome size within the complement and asymmetry. Karyotypes of C. lineatus and C. sericeus belonging to sect. Atylia are similar with respect to maximum r-index and the ratio of longest and shortest chromosomes in their respective complements. C. acutifolius (sect. Frutocosa) is distinct in having a very low ratio (1.44) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes, while in C. albicans, C. goensis, C. scarabaeoides (sect. Cantharospermum) there is no chromosome pair with r-index >2.0. C. mollis and C. volubilis (sect. Volubilis) show similarity with regard to ratio between the longest and the shortest chromosomes and a distinct chromosome pair with an arm ratio of 2.7 and C. platycarpus is distinct (sect. Rhynchosoides) in having the smallest ratio (1.36) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes. 4C DNA amounts in Cajanus and Rhynchosia vary between 3.28 pg to 11.69 pg and 4.92 pg to 11.13 pg respectively, while in Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx these vary between 4.70 and 7:06 pg. In the genus Cajanus karyotypic features and 4C DNA amounts agree with the sectional classification and bring out a close relationship between C. cajan and C. cajanifolius. This is supported by studies based on seed protein patterns, isozyme analysis, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor patterns, RFLP and RAPD data and crossability relationships. A clear relation between DNA amount and abnormalities effecting the extent of pairing and recombination in interspecific hybrids shows the importance of this study in developing future breeding programme involving C. cajan and its wild relatives that are of potential value. 相似文献