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急性短期高温对空腹状态下猪的铬代谢及生理生化反应的影响 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
本试验选用８头安置颈静脉血导管的阉公猪研究急性短期高温对空腹状态下猪的铬代谢及相关生理生化反应，得出（１）急性热暴露使空腹猪的血浆铬含量迅速上升，热暴露３０、６０、１２０和１８０ｍｉｎ，血浆铬分别比热暴露前增加２１２％、２４８％、１３６％和８７％，热暴露约束后１ｈ，血浆铬下降到热暴露前的水平。 相似文献
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蛋鸡血浆甘油三酯与蛋黄性状关系的研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
本实验对蛋鸡血浆甘油三酯 (Triglyceriche ,TG)浓度进行高、低选择之后 ,测定了两个世代的产蛋早期的褐壳鸡的血脂成分 (血浆中胆固醇、磷酯、游离脂肪酸 )及其鸡的蛋黄性状 (蛋黄比例、蛋黄胆固醇含量 ) ;且以父系半同胞法估计了血脂和蛋黄性状的遗传参数。研究了与鸡体脂肪代谢关系密切的血脂成分和蛋黄性状的变化规律及其之间的相互关系 ,来寻找能降低蛋黄胆固醇的新途径。结果表明 :血浆甘油三酯的变异系数较大为 5 3.5 2 % ;血浆甘油三酯、蛋黄比例和相对蛋中胆固醇含量的遗传力较高分别是 0 .2 74、0 .90 2、0 .30 4 ,它们之间的遗传相关分别是 0 .2 71、0 .36 6。即血浆甘油三酯可以作为间接选择蛋中胆固醇含量的指标。 相似文献
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钙是鸡体必需的营养素,鸡体内98%的钙存在于骨骼中,钙也是蛋壳的主要组成成分;血液中的钙几乎都存在于血浆中,可参与细胞代谢和血液凝固过程,能维持酶的活性、神经传导和肌肉活动。内分泌激素可影响到钙代谢。钙在鸡体内具有重要的生理作用,同时也与生产性能密切相关。要根据蛋鸡不同的生理阶段适时调整饲料中的钙含量,若钙元素缺乏或过量都会对蛋鸡的健康和生产性能造成不良影响。 相似文献
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维生素 A 对于保持鸡的正常生长发育、最适视觉和粘膜的完整,都是必需的。植物体内含有的胡萝卜素,是维生素 A 的前体又称为维生素 A 元,鸡采食胡萝卜素后,在体内经酶作用转化成为维生素 A,发挥其生理功能。鸡维生素缺乏症为多发病,尤其是维生素 A 缺乏症更为常见。为给鸡维生素 A 缺乏症的诊断、防治,维生素添加剂的合理使用,鸡日粮最佳配方及鸡维生素代谢的研究提供依据,我们对64只健康罗曼肉鸡血浆中β-胡萝卜素及维生素 A 的含量进行了初步测定。 相似文献
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夏季蛋鸡的饮水管理要点济南市中区农委蒋玉国产蛋鸡体内水分含量约占体重的５５—６０％，鸡蛋亦含水６５％，水是组成鸡体及维持正常生命和产蛋性能的物质基础，也是调节体温的必需物质，特别是在高温季节更为重要。夏季天气炎热，这对鸡体本身来说是一种较强的热应激因... 相似文献
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南方地区夏季的特点是高温，雨水多，气温达３７℃以上，持续时间长，昼夜温差小，严重地影响产蛋率和存活率。鸡的生理特点是神经敏感，皮肤没有汗腺，体躯又被羽毛覆盖。舍温在２８℃以上，鸡就烦燥不安，若遇３０℃以上的持续高温，鸡就表现：一是两翅张开，张嘴喘气，呼吸次数由每分钟２０多次升高达百次；二是日采食量减少１０％－１５％或更多。因为高温使鸡的甲状腺素分泌减少。甲状腺素水平的高低直接影响新陈代谢的速率，而代谢速率是影响鸡产蛋性能的重要因素之一，所以高温引起采食量下降，进而导致体重减轻，产蛋率下降，蛋重变… 相似文献
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选用户蛋鸡置于大型自控式人工气候室内饲养，＊试验组的室温由２２℃升至３０℃持续２天，再继续升至＊３５Ｃ持续６天；对照组室温始终保持在２２℃。在观察＊记录产蛋率、蛋重等的同时，检测血浆ＬＨ、孕酮的变＊化；并取垂体前叶制备细胞悬浮液，以试验或对照组鸡＊下丘脑提取液做不同处理，进行短期细胞培养。检测培＊养法中ＬＨ含量和孕酮含量。得到如下结果：（一）升温＊３５℃后，试验组鸡的产蛋率、蛋重均极显著地低于对照＊组。（二）试验组血浆孕酮变化表现先升后降；血浆ＬＨ＊含量在温度升到３５℃后开始下降，与户蛋率变化一＊致。（三）在短期高温（３０℃，２４ｈ）及较长期高温（继续升温到３５℃后１４４ｈ）下，试验组鸡的垂体前叶经细胞培。＊养，其ＬＨ分泌活动及其对正常下丘脑提取液（含有＊ＧｎＲＨ）的反应性与对照组相比，均无明显差异。（四）＊经受短期高温或再经受较长期高温鸡的下丘脑提取液＊（含有ＧｎＲＨ）对离体垂体前叶细胞ＬＨ分泌的刺激效＊果显著地减弱，提示高温先危及下丘脑功能。 相似文献
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240只1日龄雄性Cobb肉仔鸡随机地分为24组,每组10只。1~16组饲喂颗粒饲料,在4~7周龄时实施低温处理(13℃),来诱导腹水综合征(AS)的发生;17~20组为饲喂颗粒饲料的常温对照组;21~24组为饲喂粉料的常温对照组。结果表明,低温诱导的AS的发病率为33.89%,死亡率为19%。低温处理可使肉仔鸡体重及血清中甲状腺素(T4)浓度明显下降(P<0.05),而使肉仔鸡心脏的相对重量和血清中三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)浓度明显上升(P<0.05)。患AS鸡的体重明显降低(P<0.05),心脏、肺、右心室及肝的重量占活体重的百分比明显升高,血细胞压积上升。由此可知,血清T3浓度的增高是腹水症发病的诱导信号,而T3和T4浓度的下降是腹水症的发生信号。 相似文献
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Mitsuru KAMIYA Yuko KAMIYA Masahito TANAKA Tomoyuki OKI Yoichi NISHIBA Shigeru SHIOYA 《Animal Science Journal》2006,77(2):201-207
Three experiments were performed to examine the effects of high ambient temperature and feed restrictions on urinary 3‐methylhistidine (3MH) excretion and plasma 3MH concentrations as a marker of myofibrillar proteolysis in lactating Holstein cows. In a crossover design, four cows were maintained during two 14‐day treatment periods with ad libitum feed intake under constant moderate (18°C) or high (28°C) ambient temperature (Experiment 1), with ad libitum or 70% ad libitum feed intake under constant moderate temperature (Experiment 2), and with 70% ad libitum feed intake under constant moderate or high ambient temperature (Experiment 3). The total digestible nutrients intake was decreased (P < 0.01) under high ambient temperature (Experiment 1) or feed restriction (Experiment 2). Across experiments, urinary 3MH excretion during days 10–14 of each treatment period was not different among treatments. However, the plasma 3MH concentrations at day 14 of treatment were increased significantly under high ambient temperature with subsequent reduced feeding (P < 0.01) or moderate temperature with feed restriction (P < 0.05), and were increased slightly (P = 0.11) under high ambient temperature alone. These results show that the plasma marker of myofibrillar proteolysis in lactating dairy cows was increased at day 14 of treatments of high ambient temperature with subsequent reduced feeding, moderate temperature with feed restriction, or high ambient temperature alone. 相似文献
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Because pigs are fatter when they are heat-stressed, it was hypothesized that lipid metabolism is enhanced in heat-stressed pigs. To test this hypothesis, an experiment was conducted to determine the influence of a high ambient temperature on the level of plasma lipids, thyroid hormones, lipoprotein lipase activity, and on the composition of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and chylomicrons in the growing pig. Twelve Large White x Landrace castrated male pigs with an initial weight of 20 +/- 0.6 kg were allotted to one of the following treatments: 1) ambient temperature of 31 degrees C, with ad libitum access to feed or 2) ambient temperature of 20 degrees C and fed the amount consumed by those kept at 31 degrees C until 35 kg BW. Ambient temperature did not affect piglet performance. Compared to that in pigs kept at 20 degrees C, in pigs kept at 31 degrees C the lipid content of backfat was 26% higher and the proportion of flare fat was increased by more than twofold (P < 0.001). Lipoprotein lipase activity was increased more than twofold in backfat and nearly twofold in leaf fat at 31 vs 20 degrees C (P < 0.001). In warmth-exposed (31 degrees C), feed-restricted pigs, the plasma level of triiodothyronine was 30% lower than at 20 degrees C (P < 0.001), whereas VLDL-lipid concentration was more than fourfold higher, and plasma concentrations of NEFA and triglycerides were 2.6- and 3.6-fold higher, respectively (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the chronic exposure of growing pigs to a high ambient temperature enhances lipid metabolism in both the liver (VLDL production) and the adipose tissue (lipoprotein lipase activity). Consequently, plasma triglyceride uptake and storage are facilitated in the adipose tissue, which results in greater fatness. 相似文献
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The influences of ambient temperature and crude protein levels on performance and serum biochemical parameters in broilers 
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下载免费PDF全文 Q. W. Liu J. H. Feng Z. Chao Y. Chen L. M. Wei F. Wang R. P. Sun M. H. Zhang 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):301-308
This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of ambient temperature, crude protein levels and their interaction on performance and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens. A total of 216 Arbor Acre broiler chickens (108 males and 108 females) were used in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement and randomly reared at two temperatures (normal temperature: 23 °C; daily cyclic high temperature: 28–32 °C) and fed on three diets with different crude protein levels (153.3, 183.3 or 213.3 g/kg, with constant essential amino acids) from 28 to 42 days of age. Daily cyclic high ambient temperature decreased final body weight, average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake and serum total protein contents (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.008 respectively), but increased feed/gain, mortality, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, serum uric acid contents and serum creatine kinase activity (p = 0.008, p = 0.003, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p = 0.003 respectively), irrespective of crude protein levels. At the ambient temperature, reducing crude protein levels resulted in an increase in feed/gain (p < 0.001), but a decrease in serum total protein and uric acid contents. Only serum creatine kinase activity in broiler chickens was interacted by daily cyclic high ambient temperature and dietary crude protein levels (p = 0.003). These results indicated that daily cyclic high ambient temperature had a great effect on performance and serum biochemical parameters in broiler chickens, whereas dietary crude protein levels affected them partially. 相似文献
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２４头健康、３～４岁、体重１００～１２０ｋｇ的锯茸期梅花鹿随机分为两组，分别用木笼绳索保定法（Ａ组，ｎ＝１２）和药物保定法（Ｂ组，ｎ＝１２）进行锯茸。对血浆皮质醇含量及部分血液生化值的改变进行了测定。试验结果，Ａ组锯茸后血浆皮质醇和血糖含量较试验前呈突发性升高，然后逐渐下降，两者的改变呈正相关（ｒ＝０．９４），１～９日内各次测定值间及与Ｂ组间差异均极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）；血浆ＣＯ２ｃｐ值锯茸后３～５日内呈明显下降；血Ｎａ＋、Ｋ＋、Ｃａ＋值均呈上升势态，１～７日内各次测定值间及与Ｂ组间均有极显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）；Ｂ组锯茸前后各项指标各次测定值间差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。 相似文献
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根据不同环境温度条件下双峰驼血浆中蛋白表达的差异,探讨环境高温对双峰驼的差异蛋白在环境适应性中的作用机制。采用二维凝胶电泳（2-DE）结合MADIL-TOF-TOF串联质谱的方法对环境高温双峰驼的血浆进行蛋白质组分析鉴定。结果显示,4种蛋白的表达上调,分别是免疫球蛋白重链的恒定区,结合珠蛋白,载脂蛋白AIV,纤维蛋白原β链前体。1种蛋白的表达下调即血清白蛋白。结果表明,环境高温引起内分泌系统变化,从而使一些蛋白的表达发生变化。这些蛋白主要与机体急性期应答、免疫反应、物质运输及物质代谢等相关。 相似文献
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Two groups of three multiparous Large White x Landrace sows were used to investigate the direct effect of ambient temperature on mammary gland metabolism. Sows from the first group were exposed to temperatures of 28 degrees C between d 8 and 14 of lactation, and 20 degrees C between d 15 and 21; treatments were reversed in the second group. Four to six d after farrowing, an ultrasonic blood flow probe was implanted around the right external pudic artery and catheters were fitted in the right anterior mammary vein and in the carotid artery. After surgery all sows were fed 3.8 kg/d of a lactation diet. The arteriovenous (AV, mg/L) plasma samples were obtained every 30 min between 0915 and 1545 on d 5 of exposure to ambient temperature; the same day, milk samples were collected at 1630. Additional arterial samples were obtained between 1000 and 1100 on d 1, 4, and 6 of exposure. Milk yield was estimated from the body weight gain of the litter. Elevated temperature tended to reduce BW loss (2.44 vs 1.82 kg/d, P < 0.10), but did not affect milk yield (11.0 kg/d). Glucagon and leptin arterial concentrations increased (12 and 8%, respectively; P < 0.10), but thyroxin and triiodothyronine concentrations decreased (26 and 16%, respectively; P < 0.01) between 20 and 28 degrees C. Expressed as a percentage of total nutrients, AV difference, glucose, amino acids, triglycerides (TG), free fatty acids, and lactate A-V differences represented 60, 20, 11, 8, and 1%, respectively. Exposure to 28 degrees C increased the extraction rate of glucose, TG, and a-amino acid N (13, 8, and 2.5%, respectively; P < 0.10). The extraction rates of essential and nonessential amino acids were not affected by temperature. The right pudic artery mammary blood flow increased (872 vs 945 mL/min, P < 0.05) between 20 and 28 degrees C, whereas milk yield was unaffected by temperature. It is suggested that this apparent inefficiency of the sow mammary gland in hot conditions could be related to an increase of proportion of blood flow irrigating skin capillaries in order to dissipate body heat. 相似文献
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高温环境下湖羊直肠温度和血液生化指标的监测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究以南方特色绵羊品种湖羊为研究对象，在夏季高温环境下，连续监测10 d湖羊直肠温度变化，测定血常规指标，并比较不同年龄、不同性别的湖羊在高温环境下血常规指标的差异；以湖羊高温环境下直肠温度的变化为基础，结合血常规指标，在湖羊群体内鉴别高温应激敏感和高温应激抗性湖羊个体。结果显示，湖羊最高直肠温度出现在环境温度最高的时段（11：00~15：00），最低温度一般出现在03：00左右，且以24 h为周期循环；平均最高直肠温度和最低直肠温度差在湖羊个体间差异显著（P<0.05）；高温暴露后湖羊群体淋巴细胞（LYM）、红细胞（RBC）、血红蛋白（HGB）数量及平均血红蛋白浓度（MCHC）均超出了绵羊正常参考值，且在不同性别和年龄上有一定的差异：母羊嗜碱性细胞、红细胞、血红蛋白、红细胞压积均有高于公羊的趋势，但差异不显著（P>0.05）；1周岁湖羊淋巴细胞（P>0.05）、嗜碱性细胞计数（P<0.01）及百分比（P<0.05）均高于半岁湖羊；依据温度变化结合血常规指标变化在湖羊群体中鉴别了高温应激敏感和抗性的湖羊个体，在测试的母羊群体中高温应激敏感湖羊占35.3%，高温应激抗性湖羊占26.5%。肌酸激酶（CK）含量在高温应激敏感和抗性湖羊个体间差异显著（P<0.05）。综合以上结果，高温环境下湖羊不同个体间直肠温度变化差异显著；从血常规指标来看，高温应激对母羊和1岁湖羊的影响比较大。试验结果为深入研究夏季高温应激对湖羊的影响及抗高温应激差异的分子机制提供了一定的依据。 相似文献
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Effects of exposure to high ambient temperature and dietary protein level on sow milk production and performance of piglets. 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
The effects of high ambient temperature and level of dietary heat increment on sow milk production and piglet performance over a 28-d lactation were determined in 59 multiparous crossbred Large White x Landrace pigs kept at a thermoneutral (20 degrees C) or in a hot (29 degrees C) constant ambient temperature. Experimental diets fed during lactation were a control diet (NP; 17.6% CP) and two low-protein diets obtained by reduction of CP level (LP; 14.2% CP) or both reduction of CP and addition of fat (LPF; 15.2% CP); the NE:ME ratio was 74.3, 75.6, and 75.8% for NP, LP, and LPF diets, respectively. All diets provided 0.82 g of digestible lysine/MJ of NE, and ratios between essential AA and lysine were above recommendations. Creep feed was provided after d 21 of lactation. Reduction of CP level did not influence (P > 0.10) milk production, milk composition, or piglet performance. Despite higher nursing frequency (39 vs 34 sucklings per day), milk production decreased (P < 0.01) from 10.43 to 7.35 kg/d when temperature increased from 20 to 29 degrees C. At d 14, DM (18.6 vs 18.1%) and energy (4.96 vs 4.75 MJ/kg) contents in milk tended (P = 0.09) to be higher in sows kept at 29 degrees C. Over the 28-d lactation, piglet BW gain and BW at weaning decreased (P < 0.01) from 272 to 203 g/d and 9.51 to 7.52 kg, respectively, when temperature increased from 20 to 29 degrees C. Daily creep feed intake over the 4th wk of lactation was higher (P < 0.01) at 29 degrees C than at 20 degrees C (388 vs 232 g/litter, respectively), which was reflected in a greater increase in BW gain between wk 1 to 3 and wk 4 at the higher temperature (147 vs 130%); BW gain between weaning and d 14 postweaning was higher (P < 0.05) for piglets originating from sows kept at 29 degrees C (280 vs 218 g/d). In connection with their lower growth rate, DM (31.2 vs 33.0%), protein (15.5 vs 16.0%), lipid (12.3 vs 13.9%), and energy (8.39 vs 9.09 kJ/g) contents in weaned, slaughtered piglets were lower (P < 0.01) at 29 than at 20 degrees C. In conclusion, modification in the CP:NE ratio in order to decrease dietary heat increment did not affect milk production and piglet performance in thermoneutral or hot climatic conditions. Our results confirm the negative effect of high ambient temperatures on milk yield and emphasize the importance of creep feed supply to improve pre- and postweaning growth of piglets in these conditions, especially when weaning occurs after 3 wk of age. 相似文献
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Taketo OBITSU Mitsuru KAMIYA Yuko KAMIYA Masahito TANAKA Toshihisa SUGINO Kohzo TANIGUCHI 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(4):531-536
Effects of exposure to hot environment on urea metabolism were studied in lactating Holstein cows. Four cows were fed ad libitum a total mixed ration and housed in a temperature‐controlled chamber at constant moderate (18°C) or high (28°C) ambient temperatures in a cross‐over design. Urea nitrogen (N) kinetics was measured by determining urea isotopomer in urine after single injection of [15N2]urea into the jugular vein. Both dry matter intake and milk yield were decreased under high ambient temperature. Intakes of total N and digestible N were decreased under high ambient temperature but urinary urea‐N excretion was increased. The ratio of urea‐N production to digestible N was increased, whereas the proportion of gut urea‐N entry to urea‐N production tended to be decreased under high ambient temperature. Neither return to the ornithine cycle, anabolic use nor fecal excretion of urea‐N recycled to the gut was affected by ambient temperature. Under high ambient temperature, renal clearance of plasma urea was not affected but the gut clearance was decreased. Increase of urea‐N production and reduction of gut urea‐N entry, in relative terms, were associated with increased urinary urea‐N excretion of lactating dairy cows in higher thermal environments. 相似文献