The change of dry matter intake, milk yield and bone turnover in primiparous cows compared to multiparous cows during early lactation     

Yuko IWAMA  Mitsuru KAMIYA  Masahito TANAKA  Shigeru SHIOYA 《Animal Science Journal》2004,75(3):213-218

Data from six primiparous and nine multiparous Holstein cows were used to clarify the difference of Ca and P mobilization between primiparous and multiparous cows during early lactation. The dry matter intake (DMI) of primiparous cows was lower (P < 0.01) than those of multiparous cows. Milk yield was lower in primiparous cows at 7, 14, 21 (P < 0.01), and 28 days (P < 0.05) after parturition. There was no significant difference in milk Ca and P concentrations between primiparous and multiparous cows. There were no significant differences in plasma Ca and P concentrations between primiparous and multiparous cows. The plasma P level at 7 days postpartum in primiparous cows was lower (P < 0.05) than 28 days postpartum. The concentration of plasma osteocalcin (OC) measured as bone formation marker of primiparous cows was significantly higher than multiparous cows (P < 0.01) at 21 and 28 days postpartum. The urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD) as bone resorption marker of primiparous cows tended to be higher (P < 0.10) than multiparous cows at 21 days after parturition and decreased to the same level as that of multiparae toward the peak lactation. These results show that Ca and P mobilization of primiparous cows are more active than multiparous cows.  相似文献   

Questionnaire-based study on consumer requirements for beef quality in Japan     

Keisuke SASAKI  Mitsuru MITSUMOTO 《Animal Science Journal》2004,75(4):369-376

A questionnaire study examining Japanese consumers’ requirements for beef quality was carried out in April 2002 in Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Answers from 532 participants were used for the statistical analysis. Twenty questions about sensory properties, appearance, safety and freshness, production area, price, and other properties were prepared. The answers were applied to principal component analysis. Five principal components were obtained and defined, and the principle component scores were used to classify participants. The panels were classified into four groups profiled as ‘specific quality orientated’, ‘Wagyu (Japanese beef) orientated’, ‘safety and freshness orientated’ and ‘overall high quality orientated’. In addition, gender and age characteristics were different among the groups. Sensory properties did not affect the classification of respondents.  相似文献   

Generation and alteration of norlignans in a transition zone during the drying of a Cryptomeria japonica log     

Kazumasa Yoshida  Mitsuru Nishiguchi  Shojiro Hishiyama  Atsushi Kato  Koetsu Takahashi 《Journal of Wood Science》2006,52(4):372-375

Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) produces secondary metabolite norlignans in xylem. Several norlignans are involved in the coloration of heartwood and defense of sapwood against microbial invasion. Their biosynthetic process should be well understood so that their properties can be exploited to improve the quality and utility of C. japonica wood. Unfortunately, information on the norlignan biosynthesis is limited because norlignans are mainly synthesized in a particular season in the transition zone (TZ) along with the heartwood formation, and is difficult to study. Although the generation of two norlignans of C. japonica, agatharesinol and (E)-hinokiresinol, has been reported, systems for producing other norlignans are not yet known. To establish a novel norlignan generating system, we examined the changes occurring in norlignans in a TZ during the process of drying a C. japonica log. On the day of felling, the TZ contained agatharesinol and (E)-hinokiresinol, which increased until they reached a maximum on day 40 after felling. Sequirin-C appeared on day 40 and increased to day 70. The generation of sequirin-C in the TZ can be used to investigate the biosynthetic process of heartwood norlignans. This study describes for the first time the changes that occur in the composition of norlignan during the drying of the TZ.  相似文献   

The sex determining gene of medaka: a Y-specific DM domain gene (DMY) is required for male development     

Masaru Matsuda  Yoshitaka Nagahama  Tohru Kobayashi  Chika Matsuda  Satoshi Hamaguchi  Mitsuru Sakaizumi 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2003,28(1-4):135-139

Although the sex-determining gene Sry has been identified in mammals, no comparable genes have been found in non-mammalian vertebrates. To clone positionally the sex-determining region of the medaka, Oryzias latipes, we generated a Y congenic strain to highlight the genetic differences between the X and Y chromosomes from inbred strains of medaka. We used recombinant breakpoint analysis and deletion analysis of the Y chromosome of a congenic XY female to restrict the sex-determining region to 250-kb stretch of the Y chromosome. Shotgun sequencing of this region predicted 27 genes. Three of these genes were expressed during sexual differentiation. However, only one gene was Y specific. The full-length cDNA sequence of this gene encodes a putative protein of 267 amino acids, including the highly conserved DM domain. We thus named it DMY. To establish a role for DMY during sexual differentiation, we screened wild medaka populations for naturally occurring DMY mutants. Two XY females with distinct mutations in DMY were found in separate populations. The first heritable mutant – a single insertion in exon 3 and the subsequent truncation of DMY – resulted in all XY female offspring. Similarly, the second XY mutant female showed reduced DMY expression with a high proportion of XY female offspring. Furthermore, during normal development, DMY is expressed only in somatic cells of XY gonads. These findings strongly suggest that the sex-specific DMY is required for normal testicular development and is a prime candidate for the medaka sex-determining gene.  相似文献   

Moisture distribution in rice grains used for sake brewing analyzed by magnetic resonance imaging     

Akemi K. Horigane  Keitaro Suzuki  Mitsuru Yoshida 《Journal of Cereal Science》2014

Water absorption in individual white-core and non-white-core grains of rice varieties used in sake brewing was observed during soaking by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Water was absorbed faster in white-core grains than in non-white-core grains and was pooled in the core. Moisture distributions were compared using the line profiles of nuclear magnetic resonance signal intensities (SI profiles) generated from magnetic resonance images of grains soaked for 2 h. SI profiles of white-core and non-white-core grains overlapped despite slight differences in the central and intermediate regions of the grains. A white-core-like structure with loosely packed starch granules was found to exist in the endosperm of non-white-core grains. SI profiles of grains polished to 70% of the yield weight of brown rice were similar in shape to those of grains polished to 90% of the yield, but their overall moisture content was higher after the removal of the hydrophobic grain periphery. A varietal difference in the thickness of the intermediate region, which may affect fissuring resistance in the polishing process, was detected in SI profiles. Differences in water absorbability between parents and their offspring were also apparent from their SI profiles. MRI enabled the detection of variety-specific water-absorption properties in grains.  相似文献   

Identification and characterization of multiple <Emphasis Type="Italic">lck</Emphasis> genes in ginbuna crucian carp <Emphasis Type="Italic">Carassius auratus langsdorfii</Emphasis>   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kyosuke Araki  Kaori Hirano  Fumio Takizawa  Tadaaki Moritomo  Mitsuru Ototake  Teruyuki Nakanishi 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(5):1017-1024

  相似文献   

Methane emissions from different vegetation zones in a Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau wetland   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mitsuru Hirota  Yanhong Tang  Shigeki Hirata  Wenhong Mo  Shigeru Mariko 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2004,36(5):737-748

We measured methane (CH₄) emissions in the Luanhaizi wetland, a typical alpine wetland on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China, during the plant growth season (early July to mid-September) in 2002. Our aim was to quantify the spatial and temporal variation of CH₄ flux and to elucidate key factors in this variation. Static chamber measurements of CH₄ flux were made in four vegetation zones along a gradient of water depth. There were three emergent-plant zones (Hippuris-dominated; Scirpus-dominated; and Carex-dominated) and one submerged-plant zone (Potamogeton-dominated). The smallest CH₄ flux (seasonal mean=33.1 mg CH₄ m⁻² d⁻¹) was observed in the Potamogeton-dominated zone, which occupied about 74% of the total area of the wetland. The greatest CH₄ flux (seasonal mean=214 mg CH₄ m⁻² d⁻¹) was observed in the Hippuris-dominated zone, in the second-deepest water area. CH₄ flux from three zones (excluding the Carex-dominated zone) showed a marked diurnal change and decreased dramatically under dark conditions. Light intensity had a major influence on the temporal variation in CH₄ flux, at least in three of the zones. Methane fluxes from all zones increased during the growing season with increasing aboveground biomass. CH₄ flux from the Scirpus-dominated zone was significantly lower than in the other emergent-plant zones despite the large biomass, because the root and rhizome intake ports for CH₄ transport in the dominant species were distributed in shallower and more oxidative soil than occupied in the other zones. Spatial and temporal variation in CH₄ flux from the alpine wetland was determined by the vegetation zone. Among the dominant species in each zone, there were variations in the density and biomass of shoots, gas-transport system, and root-rhizome architecture. The CH₄ flux from a typical alpine wetland on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau was as high as those of other boreal and alpine wetlands.  相似文献   

Ion Transport Dynamics in Acid Variable Charge Subsoils     

Nikolla P. Qafoku  Malcolm E. Sumner  Mitsuru Toma 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2005,51(5):601-603

This is a mini-review of the research work conducted by the authors with the objective of studying ion transport in variable charge subsoils collected from different areas around the world. An attempt is made in these studies to relate the unique behavior manifested during ionic transport in these subsoils with their mineralogical, physical and chemical properties, which are markedly different from those in soils from temperate regions. The variable charge subsoils have a relatively high salt sorption capacity and anion exchange capacity (AEC) that retards anions downward movement. The AEC correlates closely with the anion retardation coefficients. Ca²⁺ applied with gypsum in topsoil may be transported to the subsoil and may improve the subsoil chemical properties. These results may help in developing appropriate management strategies under a range of mineralogical, physical, and chemical conditions.  相似文献   

Fog and Precipitation Chemistry at Mt. Rokko in Kobe, April 1997-March 1998     

Masahide Aikawa  Takatoshi Hiraki  Mitsuru Shoga  Motonori Tamaki 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):1517-1522

Fog water and precipitation were collected and analyzed to study fog and precipitation chemistry. The research was carried out through one year from April 1997 to March 1998 at Mt. Rokko in Kobe. Higher fog occurrence and larger volume of fog water were observed in summer, corresponding to the trend of seasonal variation in precipitation amount. The annual mean pH value of fog water (3.80) was lower by ca. one pH unit than that of precipitation (4.74). The concentration of chemical species in fog water was ca. 7 times that in precipitation. The highest anion and cation concentrations were SO₄ ^2? and NH₄ ⁺ in fog water and Cl^? and Na⁺ in precipitation, although the Cl^?/Na⁺ equivalent ratio in both fog water and precipitation was almost the same value as that in sea water. It is considered that in the longest fog event, NH₄ ⁺ and nss-SO₄ ^2? in fog water mainly scavenged as (NH₄)₂SO₄, mainly derived from (NH₄)₂SO₄ (aerosol) in the atmosphere, NH₃ was scavenged at the growing stage, and SO₂ was also scavenged after the mature stage. NO₃ ^? in this fog event was mainly absorbed as HNO₃.  相似文献   

Oxygen isotopic compositions of asteroidal materials returned from Itokawa by the Hayabusa mission     

Yurimoto H  Abe K  Abe M  Ebihara M  Fujimura A  Hashiguchi M  Hashizume K  Ireland TR  Itoh S  Katayama J  Kato C  Kawaguchi J  Kawasaki N  Kitajima F  Kobayashi S  Meike T  Mukai T  Nagao K  Nakamura T  Naraoka H  Noguchi T  Okazaki R  Park C  Sakamoto N  Seto Y  Takei M  Tsuchiyama A  Uesugi M  Wakaki S  Yada T  Yamamoto K  Yoshikawa M  Zolensky ME 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6046):1116-1119

Meteorite studies suggest that each solar system object has a unique oxygen isotopic composition. Chondrites, the most primitive of meteorites, have been believed to be derived from asteroids, but oxygen isotopic compositions of asteroids themselves have not been established. We measured, using secondary ion mass spectrometry, oxygen isotopic compositions of rock particles from asteroid 25143 Itokawa returned by the Hayabusa spacecraft. Compositions of the particles are depleted in (16)O relative to terrestrial materials and indicate that Itokawa, an S-type asteroid, is one of the sources of the LL or L group of equilibrated ordinary chondrites. This is a direct oxygen-isotope link between chondrites and their parent asteroid.  相似文献