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1.
江西省红壤地区主要土壤类型的高光谱特性研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
土壤光谱是土壤理化性质的综合反映,研究江西省红壤地区主要土壤类型的高光谱特性,对土壤的精准管理和土壤数字制图有重要意义。选择有代表性的吉安县、余江县、兴国县和湾里区,采集443个土壤表层土样,采用ASD光谱仪测量了其可见-近红外反射高光谱(350~2 500 nm)。对光谱进行连续统去除和二阶导数处理后,对四种主要红壤亚类及其土属的高光谱特性进行研究。然后选取反映成土母质、氧化铁(针铁矿和赤铁矿)、土壤有机质含量、黏土矿物等的光谱特征表现变量及高光谱反射率等共19个特征变量,对光谱进行Fastclus聚类分析。结果表明:红壤地区土壤不同亚类光谱反射率差异明显,620 nm~740 nm的特征吸收面积黄红壤红壤棕红壤红壤性土,420 nm和447 nm的二阶导数差值黄红壤棕红壤红壤红壤性土。棕红壤光谱在可见光-短波近红外光谱区域土壤反射率较高,位于1 900 nm范围的吸收强度较其他亚类宽浅。红壤性土光谱曲线最为陡峭,在近红外光谱区域土壤反射率最高,在1 400 nm、1 900 nm有较强的尖锐吸收峰,在2 200有超强吸收峰。红壤亚类光谱曲线整体走势与红壤性土亚类相似,但在900 nm、1 400 nm、1 900 nm和2 200 nm的吸收强度较红壤性土弱,反射曲线位置较高。不同亚类水稻土由于水淹时间的不同,其光谱特征差异较为明显,光谱反射率表现为淹育型水稻土潴育型水稻土潜育型水稻土,620 nm~740 nm的特征吸收面积潜育型水稻土潴育型水稻土淹育性水稻土,420 nm和447 nm的反射率二阶导数差值为淹育型水稻土潴育性水稻土潜育型水稻土,但均高于红壤。选取的特征变量对土壤进行亚类分类的准确率为86.23%,分类的准确度较高,而土属的准确率仅为66.37%。可见-近红外土壤光谱特征可以作为江西红壤地区主要土壤亚类划分的定量参考指标。 相似文献
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松嫩平原主要土壤类型含水量高光谱预测模型 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
为了消除土壤类型的影响,提高土壤含水量高光谱预测精度,以松嫩平原四种典型土壤(黑土、黑钙土、草甸土、风砂土)实验室高光谱反射率为研究对象,对反射光谱曲线进行去包络线处理,提取光谱特征参数;并对反射率进行多种数学变换,分析不同土壤类型、含水量水平的反射光谱特征差异,建立考虑土壤类型差异的含水量高光谱预测模型。研究结果表明:1)混合土壤类型难以提取有效的光谱特征参数进行土壤含水量预测;2)将风砂土与其他土类分开,其他土类利用光谱特征参数建模的精度高;3)基于光谱特征参数的一元线性回归精度高,输入量少。研究成果为多个土壤类型含水量高光谱预测提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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基于可见光光谱分析的土壤参数分析 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
利用光谱分析技术，进行了农田原始状态土壤样品的可见光光谱与土壤参数之间的相关、回归分析。土壤样品采集于一块水分较低的玉米地和一块水分较高的牧草地，所分析的土壤参数有土壤水分、土壤有机质含量、土壤硝态氮含量、土壤电导率以及土壤pH值，土样的可见光光谱由精密分光光度计测量。分析结果显示，有效的光谱特性值为反射光谱的一次微分，所有5个土壤参数都可以利用土样的可见光光谱特性进行分析和检测。对于土壤水分、土壤有机质含量、土壤电导率以及土壤pH值，线性模型是有效的；而对于土壤硝态氮含量，则需要利用多元指数模型进行分析或检测。 相似文献
4.
基于高光谱的土壤游离铁随机森林模型估算研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《土壤通报》2018,(6)
土壤游离铁反映了土壤成土过程的特点,常用作土壤风化发育程度的指标。本研究以陕西省西安市周边的21个干润淋溶土剖面的97个土壤样品为例,在测定土壤游离铁含量和采集350～2500 nm波段的反射光谱数据的基础上,对光谱数据进行反射率、反射率一阶微分和二阶微分以及连续统去除4种处理形式,分析了土壤游离铁含量与土壤光谱的关系,采用多元逐步线性回归(MLSR)和随机森林回归(RFR)算法建立了游离铁含量的估算模型,并分析不同形式光谱数据的建模估算效果。结果表明:原始光谱数据的二阶微分变化显著提高了土壤游离铁与土壤反射光谱的相关性,MLSR和RFR两种模型在游离铁含量估算中,RFR的估算精度相对较高;运用土壤反射光谱二阶微分变换的RFR模型可以较好地估算土壤游离铁含量。 相似文献
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基于可见–近红外光谱的水稻土全磷反演研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采用PLSR偏最小二乘法回归结合留一法交叉验证,利用长期定位试验田以及直湖港小流域面上的水稻土土壤样本建立最优模型,研究了不同光谱预处理方式对水稻土全磷可见-近红外高光谱反演精度的影响,探索水稻土全磷光谱反演的可行性;并结合简单相关系数法以及PLSR模型回归系数法分析了水稻土全磷光谱反演的重要波段。结果表明,光谱预处理方法对土壤全磷反演精度的影响不大;基于PLSR建立的水稻土全磷光谱反演模型的校正决定系数达0.85,交叉验证决定系数为0.70,RPD为1.8,有较好的模型精度;440~740 nm为土壤全磷光谱反演的重要波段。利用PLSR对水稻土全磷进行光谱预测是可行的。 相似文献
8.
为了评价国产星载高分五号(GF-5)高光谱影像估测土壤有机质(SOM)含量的潜力,以及不同土壤类型对SOM含量光谱估测精度的影响,本研究以黑龙江省建三江农垦区为研究对象,获取了覆盖研究区域的GF-5高光谱影像和188个土壤样本。对提取的样点GF-5光谱反射率数据进行了反射率倒数、对数、一阶微分等9种光谱数学变换,并采用相关系数法确定了SOM含量的光谱敏感波段。采用偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)线性统计建模方法,对研究区域全部土壤类型以及草甸土、沼泽土、黑土等主要土壤类型,分别构建了光谱全波段和敏感波段的SOM含量估测模型,并进行了精度评价。结果表明,基于GF-5光谱数据的研究区域全部土壤类型的SOM含量估测精度不理想,最优模型精度决定系数(R2)为0.265,均方根误差(RMSE)为4.647%,相对分析误差(RPD)为1.135;不同类型土壤在SOM含量光谱估测精度差异较大,草甸土和沼泽土的SOM含量估测精度不高,但黑土的SOM含量估测精度较高,其中全波段光谱反射率对数一阶微分(LnR)′的SOM含量估测精度最高,R~2=0.729,RMSE=1.065%,RPD=1.850,SOM含量估测模型可用。按照不同土壤类型构建SOM含量估测模型可以进一步挖掘GF-5高光谱遥感估测SOM含量的潜力。 相似文献
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消除水分因素影响的野外原状土壤盐分高光谱建模估测 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
土壤水分被确定为土壤属性(有机碳、盐分等)光谱预测准确性下降的一个主要原因,该文通过两种方法的对比旨在探索去除土壤水分影响、提高盐分高光谱定量估测精度的方法和技术路线。首先以山东省东营市垦利区为研究区,采用地物光谱仪测定了96个样本的野外原状土和室内风干土光谱,并进行一阶导数变换;接着,对比分析盐分光谱特征及水分的影响;然后分别采用外部参数正交化(external parameter orthogonalization,EPO)和非负矩阵分解(non-negative matrix factorizing,NMF)方法校正和融合野外原状土光谱,去除土壤水分因素的影响,形成野外原状土光谱的校正和融合光谱;最后基于野外原状土光谱、校正和融合光谱,分别采用多元逐步线性回归(multiple step linear regression,MSLR)和偏最小二乘回归(partial least squares regression,PLSR)构建土壤盐分含量的估测模型,并进行验证和比较,分析预测精度变化。结果显示:土壤水分对野外原状土光谱及盐分光谱特征影响较大,需要研究去除;EPO和NMF均可提高土壤盐分野外原位光谱估测精度,比较而言,NMF效果更为显著;EPO结合PLSR或NMF结合MSLR可作为去除水分影响的土壤盐分校准模型的技术路线。 相似文献
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低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
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Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
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Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
14.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
19.
I. V. Rodushkin T. I. Moiseenko L. P. Kudryavtseva 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1995,85(2):731-736
The powerful mass-flow of melt water during the brief period of spring thaw provides a surge of pollutants and causes extremely toxic short term conditions. Together with the increase in total metal concentrations during this period, a redistribution in metal speciation occurs that increases the proportion of more toxic forms. Concentrations of ion-exchangeable fractions of nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), aluminium (Al), and manganese (Mn) show strong negative correlations with pH. The sum of complex metal species shows a strong positive correlation with total organic carbon (TOC). A data analysis model based on relationships observed between key parameters and metal behaviour together with gidrological data allowed an assessmrnt of the metal impact on waterbodies from accumulated airborne pollution (Ni, Cu) as well as from accelerated leaching from watersheds (Al, Mn). 相似文献
20.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献