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小肽的营养特性及其在动物生产中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
自20世纪60年代起,人们逐渐认识到除了游离氨基酸外,小肽也能够被动物直接吸收利用。肽除了对动物的营养作用外,某些有生理活性的肽直接被动物吸收利用后,还具有免疫、神经递质、抗氧化等活性。作者对近年来有关小肽在动物科学领域中的营养研究进行了综述,除了分析其对动物的营养作用外,还重点阐述了小肽的吸收转运及其在动物生产中的应用。 相似文献
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在动物胃肠内完整吸收小肽被认为是一种重要的生理现象,它打破了同时也完善了传统蛋白质代谢理论。本文综述了小肽在动物体内的营养作用,影响小肽释放、吸收和利用的因素,生产小肽的基本原理与方法以及小肽在动物生产中的应用效果。 相似文献
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陈新风 《兽药与饲料添加剂》2005,10(4):20-23
小肽在动物胃肠内被完整吸收被认为是一种重要的生理现象，它既打破了、同时也完善了传统蛋白质代谢理论。综述了小肽在动物体内的营养作用，以及影响小肽释放、吸收和利用的因素．并介绍了生产小肽的基本原理与方法以及小肽在动物生产中的应用效果。 相似文献
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小麦蛋白通过酶解可释放出许多具有生物活性的小肽,特别是富含谷氨酰胺(Glutamine,Gln)活性肽,作为Gln替代品,可用作动物功能性营养补充剂,有效提高小麦蛋白的营养价值和整体饲料效率. 相似文献
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α-酮戊二酸(alpha-ketoglutarate,AKG)是谷氨酸和谷氨酰胺的前体物质,三羧酸循环(tricarboxylic acid cycle,TCA cycle)的重要中间物质,可作为谷氨酰胺最佳替代物。近年来,AKG因其良好的稳定性和独特的营养生理功能,受到研究者的广泛关注,并作为新型的功能性饲料添加剂应用于动物生产,对发展生态健康养殖业具有重要意义。本文就AKG的代谢机理、营养生理功能及其在养殖生产中的应用现状进行综述,旨在为AKG在养殖生产中的合理应用提供指导依据。 相似文献
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谷氨酰胺对早期断奶仔猪肠黏膜免疫的调节作用 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
作者综述了早期断奶仔猪肠黏膜免疫系统、谷氨酰胺的营养生理功能、早期断奶对仔猪肠黏膜免疫的影响,以及谷氨酰胺对早期断奶仔猪肠黏膜免疫系统的结构和功能、肠道屏障功能、肠道抗氧化能力及生产性能的影响。 相似文献
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猪内源氨产生过量对动物危害甚大,能引发多种炎症、抑制生长性能、降低免疫力、造成贫血和组织缺氧、丧失食欲,同时还能产生严重的环境污染。全面了解猪内源氨产生机制,并采取相应的营养调控减排措施从根本上减少氨的排放,对动物健康有着重要的意义。本文首先阐述了饲粮蛋白质降解产氨机制、肠道微生物产氨机制和谷氨酰胺的脱酰氨基作用产氨机制;然后从氨在肝脏和血液中循环过程解释其在体内的代谢过程;最后综述了目前国内外有关猪内源氨的营养调控措施,包括降低饲粮蛋白质水平、添加植物提取物和益生菌,以期为减少环境中氨的浓度及提高猪的生长性能提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Glutamine has a positive effect on ameliorating reproductive failure caused by porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). However, the mechanism by which glutamine affects PCV2 replication remains unclear. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of glutamine on PCV2 replication and its underlying mechanisms in vitro. The results show that glutamine promoted PK-15 cell viability. Surprisingly, glutamine starvation significantly increased PCV2 replication. The promotion of PCV2 replication by glutamine starvation disappeared after fresh media with 4 mM glutamine was added. Likewise, promotion of PCV2 was observed after adding buthionine sulfoximine (BSO). Glutamine starvation or BSO treatment increased the level of p38 MAPK phosphorylation and PCV2 replication in PK-15 cells. Meanwhile, p38 MAPK phosphorylation and PCV2 replication significantly decreased in p38-knockdown PK-15 cells. Promotion of PCV2 replication caused by glutamine starvation could be blocked in p38-knockdown PK-15 cells. Therefore, glutamine starvation increased PCV2 replication by promoting p38 MAPK activation, which was associated with the down regulation of intracellular glutathione levels. Our findings may contribute toward interpreting the possible pathogenic mechanism of PCV2 and provide a theoretical reference for application of glutamine in controlling porcine circovirus-associated diseases. 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE: To quantify glutamine use in viscera drained by the portal vein in neonatal calves and to assess the relative nutritional importance of glutamine, glucose, and acetate for enterocytes. ANIMALS: 5 healthy neonatal calves. PROCEDURE: A femoral artery, jugular vein, and the portal vein were surgically cannulated in each calf. Blood flow in the portal vein was measured by use of an ultrasonographic transit-time flow probe. A series of solutions was infused on 4 days for each calf. On the infusion days, acetate, glucose, glutamine, and saline (0.9% NaCl; control) solutions were administered IV during 1-hour periods via the jugular vein. Venous and arterial blood samples were collected during the last 15 minutes of each 1-hour infusion. RESULTS: Uptake of glutamine and glucose by viscera drained by the portal vein was 0.3+/-1.1 and 1.9+/-3.1 micromol/kg0.75/min, respectively, during saline infusion. During acetate, glucose, and saline infusions, glucose was a greater source of energy for the intestines than was glutamine. However, during glutamine infusion, uptake of glutamine by viscera drained by the portal vein increased significantly (29.9+/-11.2 micromol/kg0.75/min), which was associated with an increase in ammonia production (7.0+/-0.5 micromol/kg0.75/min). Toxicosis was not associated with IV administration of glutamine. CONCLUSION: Glutamine infusion resulted in an increase in glutamine uptake by viscera drained by the portal vein, which was associated with an increase in ammonia production and a slight increase in oxygen consumption. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These solutions may be used to develop treatments that enhance healing of intestines of diarrheic calves. 相似文献
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Brooks HW White DG Wagstaff AJ Michell AR 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》1997,153(2):163-169
A high-calorie oral rehydration solution (ORS) with glutamine (n=11) was more effective in correcting plasma, extracellular fluid and blood volume than solutions without (one WHO-type solution, n=6, and two high-glucose but glutamine-free solutions, n=7, n=12). It was the only solution to improve plasma volume significantly within 48 h and sustain the improvement throughout treatment; similarly, it was the only solution to correct packed-cell volume within 48 h and sustain the benefit to the end of treatment. At the end of treatment, the glutamine-treated calves were the only ones to avoid a significant weight loss compared with their pre-diarrhoeic values. The crucial difference between this solution and those used with glutamine previously is that it gave significant nutritional support whereas WHO type solutions did not. It also had more favourable effects on hyponatraemia and metabolic acidosis than a standard ORS. Use of a high-calorie ORS for 4 days (rather than 2 days of 50:50 admixture with milk replacer) brought additional beneficial effects on blood glucose and body weight. 相似文献