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1.
在26℃下,将体长(2.089±0.021)cm的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)饲养在15 L聚乙烯圆形水桶中,设置400尾/m~3和800尾/m~32个密度和5个换水条件(不换水、日换水量20%、日换水量50%、3 d全量换水、5 d全量换水)双因素处理,研究不同养殖密度和日换水条件对水质和凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长的影响,并根据养殖密度、日换水量及养殖天数对自污染因子的影响,建立了各污染指标与养殖密度、日换水量及养殖天数的回归关系模型。结果显示:养殖密度和日换水量对水体p H无显著性影响(P0.05);水中NO_2~--N、NH_4~+-N及COD浓度均随换水量增大而降低,其中日换水量50%组累积量最低,显著低于其他组(P0.05);3 d全量换水和5 d全量换水试验组中,NO_2~--N、NH_4~+-N及COD浓度在换水前达峰值,在换水次日骤降至最低值,然后逐渐升高,如此循环,但仍低于对照组;相同换水条件下,密度400尾/m~3时自污染因子浓度均低于800尾/m~3组;NO_2~--N(Y_1)、NH_4~+-N(Y_2)和COD(Y_3)浓度指标与养殖密度(X_1)、日换水量(X_2)及养殖天数(X_3)的回归关系模型分别为:Y_1=0.048-0.002X_2-0.001X_3;Y_2=0.163+0.04X_1-0.018X_2+0.01X_3;Y_3=4.85+0.429X_1-0.199X_2。研究表明:在养殖密度400尾/m~3、换水率50%的养殖条件下,可以保证水体自污染程度最低,凡纳滨对虾生长良好。 相似文献
2.
温度对黑鳍棘鲷耗氧率与排氨率的影响 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
对体重为240.9±27.1 g的黑鳍棘鲷在不同水温(10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃)条件下的耗氧率和排氨率进行了测试分析。结果表明:黑鳍棘鲷在一定温度范围内的耗氧率和排氨率均随温度的升高而升高,但当水温超过一定值后,其耗氧率和排氨率均随温度的升高而下降。在实验条件下,黑鳍棘鲷的耗氧率与温度的回归方程为Y=-0.489 7X2+27.39X-147.39;排氨率与温度的回归方程为Y=-0.009 3X2+0.508 2X-1.247;耗氧率的最大值为235.61μg/g.h(温度为28.0℃),排氨率的最大值为5.70μg/g.h(温度为27.3℃)。黑鳍棘鲷快速生长期的最适温度为25~28℃。 相似文献
3.
换水率和密度对刺参生长和水质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究日换水率(0、10%、20%、30%和100%)和养殖密度[0.980±0.008、1.760±0.005、2.810±0.007和(3.640±0.006)kg/m3]对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)生长率和养殖水质的影响,养殖试验首先在非循环水养殖条件下,测定各组刺参综合特定生长率(ISGR)及养殖水体中氨氮及亚硝酸盐氮质量浓度。结果显示,日换水率为10%和20%处理组的ISGR分别达到每天(1.330±0.161)%和(1.410±0.182)%,显著高于其他处理组;密度养殖试验证明,随着养殖密度的增加,ISGR逐渐降低,分别达到每天(0.610±0.500)%,(0.570±0.030)%,(0.560±0.045)%和(0.320±0.040)%,各组换水率及养殖密度组水体中氨氮及亚硝酸盐氮均在安全浓度范围内波动;养殖结果显示,循环水养殖试验组刺参的ISGR高于非循环水养殖组,可达(0.130±0.007)%,且氨氮及亚硝酸盐氮质量浓度在0.020 mg/L以下,而非循环水养殖的分别积累到(0.600±0.015)mg/L和(0.076±0.002)mg/L。研究表明,在换水率15%,养殖密度(2.810±0.007)kg/m3的循环水养殖条件下,可以保证水体水质稳定,刺参生长良好。 相似文献
4.
《河北渔业》2021,(7)
利用实验生态学方法研究了不同温度(17、21、25℃)对黄带拟鲹Pseudocaranx dentex(389.34 g±49.70 g)耗氧率、排氨率及窒息点的影响。结果显示:17℃组耗氧率为(0.26±0.01)mg/(g·h),排氨率为(3.12±0.25)μg/(g·h),窒息点为(0.85±0.13)mg/L;21℃组耗氧率为(0.37±0.02)mg/(g·h),排氨率为(3.99±0.18)μg/(g·h),窒息点为(0.93±0.08)mg/L;25℃组耗氧率为(0.52±0.03)mg/(g·h),排氨率为(5.23±0.21)μg/(g·h),窒息点为(1.24±0.10)mg/L。黄带拟鲹的耗氧率、排氨率及窒息点均随温度的升高而升高,且温度对耗氧率和排氨率有显著影响(P0.05)。同时,O/N比值在81.62～105.38,表明试验水温条件下黄带拟鲹的主要供能物质为脂肪和碳水化合物。 相似文献
5.
社会等级因素对虎斑乌贼生长、存活及相关酶活的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为探究虎斑乌贼养殖过程中,社会等级因素存在下优势大个体对劣势小个体的生长是否产生胁迫影响,本实验在室内小网筐(Φ=60 cm,高20 cm)控制条件下,采用单因子实验,研究了不同规格(大规格L:体质量为4~5 g,中规格M:体质量为2.5~3.5 g,小规格S:体质量为1~2 g)的虎斑乌贼单一规格养殖和混合规格养殖(LMS比1∶1∶1)条件下的存活率、特定生长率、耗氧率、排氨率和代谢酶(ATP酶、丙酮酸激酶和己糖激酶)的变化,培养时间40 d。结果显示,单一规格养殖和混合规格养殖条件下L乌贼特定生长率差异不明显,但混合规格养殖组M和S乌贼特定生长率明显低于单一规格养殖组M和S乌贼特定生长率,各组乌贼特定生长率排序:LMS-M(3.12±0.35)%/dM(5.21±0.24)%/d,LMS-S(1.39±0.28)%/dS(4.37±0.42)%/d;养殖10 d,单一规格养殖组和混合规格养殖组乌贼成活率差异不明显,从20 d开始,混合规格养殖组成活率明显低于单一规格养殖组,养殖40 d各组乌贼成活率排序:LMS(41%±5.35%)M(60%±4.58%)L(61%±6.43%)S(63%±5.57%);单一规格养殖和混合规格养殖条件下L乌贼耗氧率差异不明显,但混合规格养殖组M和S乌贼耗氧率明显低于单一规格养殖组M和S乌贼耗氧率,各组乌贼耗氧率排序:LMS-M[(0.48±0.03)mg/(g·h)]M[(0.69±0.02)mg/(g·h)],LMSS[(0.75±0.04)mg/(g·h)]S[(0.94±0.04)mg/(g·h)];单一规格养殖和混合规格养殖条件下L乌贼排氨率差异不明显,但混合规格养殖组M和S乌贼排氨率明显低于单一规格养殖组M和S乌贼排氨率,各组乌贼排氨率排序:LMS-M[(0.057±0.004)mg/(g·h)]M[(0.082±0.007)mg/(g·h)],LMS-S[(0.085±0.007)mg/(g·h)]S[(0.135±0.007)mg/(g·h)];单一规格养殖和混合规格养殖条件下L乌贼ATP酶、丙酮酸酶和己糖激酶活性差异不明显,但混合规格养殖组M和S乌贼3种酶活性明显低于单一规格养殖组M和S乌贼,各组乌贼ATP酶活性LMS-M[(1.25±0.16)U/mg prot]M[(2.74±0.26)U/mg prot],LMS-S[(0.77±0.11)U/mg prot]S[(1.94±0.09)U/mg prot];各组乌贼丙酮酸酶活性HET-M[(51.14±6.24)U/mg prot]M[(78.05±8.38)U/mg prot],LMS-S[(27.94±6.65)U/mg prot]S[(55.92±2.81)U/mg prot];各组乌贼己糖激酶活性LMS-M[(10.71±1.24)U/mg prot]M[(23.59±1.67)U/mg prot],LMSS[(5.91±0.83)U/mg prot]S[(13.82±1.66)U/mg prot]。研究表明,在混合规格养殖条件下L乌贼对M和S乌贼的正常生长产生显著影响,对养殖十分不利,因此在人工养殖虎斑乌贼的过程中,要定期地挑拣分级,保证规格的均一性,以减轻大个体乌贼对小个体乌贼的胁迫作用,进而提高乌贼养殖的生产效率。 相似文献
6.
为阐明斑石鲷(Oplegnathus punctatus)低氧耐受能力及低氧胁迫过程中血液生理生化指标的变化规律，本研究通过生理学和生态学方法，查明2种规格斑石鲷在临界氧分压(critical oxygen tension, Pcrit)和失去平衡点(loss equilibrium, LOE)时的溶解氧浓度，观察自然耗氧条件下其呼吸行为变化，分析低氧胁迫和恢复溶解氧过程中血液皮质醇和葡萄糖含量、血红蛋白(hemoglobin, Hb)浓度、红细胞(red blood cell, RBC)和白细胞(white blood cell, WBC)数目、红细胞积压(hematocrit, HCT)变化。结果显示，在水温(23.0±0.5)℃、氨氮浓度<0.5 mg/L、亚硝酸盐浓度0~0.05 mg/L、盐度为30、pH为7.80的条件下，200和50 g斑石鲷的Pcrit值分别为(4.05±0.09)和(3.15±0.12) mg/L，LOE值分别为(1.16±0.08)和(0.93±0.11) mg/L，且50 g斑石鲷到达LOE值的时间(t=480 min)比200 g斑石鲷(t=110 min)更长；自然耗氧过程中，2种规格斑石鲷呼吸频率均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势，且均在Pcrit值处显著升高，达到最大值(P<0.05)。低氧胁迫导致血浆葡萄糖和皮质醇含量显著升高，在LOE值处达到最大值(P<0.05)，但50 g斑石鲷的葡萄糖和皮质醇含量上升幅度显著低于200 g斑石鲷(P<0.05)。同时，低氧引起斑石鲷的WBC和RBC数目、Hb浓度和HCT显著升高，50和200 g斑石鲷分别在Pcrit和LOE值处达到最大值(P<0.05)。恢复正常溶解氧24 h后，2种规格斑石鲷均恢复正常呼吸运动，上述生理生化指标均与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述，2种规格的斑石鲷相比较，50 g斑石鲷的低氧耐受能力更强，200 g斑石鲷对低氧胁迫的应激反应更敏感，2种规格斑石鲷均可通过增加呼吸频率、提高血液WBC和RBC数、皮质醇、葡萄糖和Hb浓度，增强对溶解氧的吸收利用，应对低氧胁迫导致的生理状态改变，相关结果为斑石鲷高效养殖提供了基础数据。 相似文献
7.
花尾胡椒鲷幼鱼的呼吸和排泄代谢 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
研究了不同环境条件对花尾胡椒鲷Plectorhynchus cinctus幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率的影响.试验结果表明,随着放养密度的增加,花尾胡椒鲷的耗氧率逐渐降低,耗氧率与放养密度的相关关系可用幂函数方程Y=8.1304X-1.0512(R2=0.9879)表达;排氨率呈先上升后下降的趋势,排氨率与放养密度的相关关系可用二次方程Y=-0.0047X2+0.0542X+0.0776(R2=0.5806)表达.花尾胡椒鲷幼鱼的耗氧率和排氨率随着鱼体重的增加而逐渐下降,体重与耗氧率和排氨率的相关关系可分别用幂函数方程式Y=2.163X-0.8495(R2=0.9273)和Y=0.2394X-1.0344(R2=0.7794)表达.白天平均耗氧率和排氨率低于夜间值,耗氧率的低谷值为高峰值的89.19%,排氨率的低谷值为高峰值的22.01%.花尾胡椒鲷的活动耗氧率为基础耗氧率的1.19～1.39倍,活动排氨率为基础排氨率的1.23～1.96倍. 相似文献
8.
为研究饵料投喂量对不同规格光裸方格星虫(Sipunculus nudus Linnaeus)呼吸代谢的影响,采用实验生态学方法,研究了不同螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)投喂量(5、10、15、20和25 mg/L)对3种规格[小(S)(1.58±0.48)g、中(M)(4.90±1.06)g和大(L)(7.96±0.94)g]光裸方格星虫耗氧率和排氨率的影响。结果显示,饵料投喂量对耗氧率和排氨率均影响显著(P0.05),饵料投喂量和规格的交互作用对光裸方格星虫耗氧率和排氨率影响极显著(P0.01)。当饵料投喂量达到15 mg/L时,3组规格光裸方格星虫的耗氧率和排氨率均出现显著下降。光裸方格星虫耗氧率和排氨率均随着饵料投喂量增加而明显降低,且与饵料投喂量呈一元三次函数关系:y=ax~3+bx~2+cx+d。对于耗氧率,a值的范围为0.003~0.033,b值的范围为–1.698~–0.053,c值的范围为–1.805~18.873,d值的范围为–15.675~79.940。对于排氨率,a值的范围为0.0003~0.004,b值的范围为–0.172~–0.003,c值的范围为–0.326~1.972,d值的范围为3.634~14.008。光裸方格星虫耗氧率和排氨率均随着体重增加表现出曲线增加的规律。耗氧率与体重呈指数函数关系:y=ae~(bx),a值的范围为8.082~20.934,b值的范围为0.217~0.270;排氨率与体重呈幂函数关系:y=ax~b,a值的范围为1.441~3.598,b值的范围为0.521~0.747。光裸方格星虫的氧氮比(O/N)范围为1.26~10.60。研究表明,高浓度饵料投喂量会对光裸方格星虫的呼吸代谢产生负作用,当饵料投喂量达到20 mg/L时,光裸方格星虫的耗氧率和排氨率波动较大且显著下降。 相似文献
9.
为探索斑石鲷(Oplegnathus punctatus)养殖技术,引进斑石鲷(体长6 cm、体质量约6 g)进行室内水泥池的幼鱼培育和海区网箱养殖,经过六个月的养殖试验,结果表明:经125 d的室内水泥池幼鱼培育,斑石鲷幼鱼平均体质量达120.3 g/尾,日增重0.91 g;移至海区网箱养殖61 d后平均规格达243... 相似文献
10.
《渔业现代化》2018,(6)
为研究设定密度条件下凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)养殖过程中养殖池水质指标变化趋势和养殖效果,采用生物絮团技术在室外循环水养殖设施进行凡纳滨对虾的养殖试验。投苗规格为0. 158 g/尾,养殖密度为600尾/m~3,使用14口面积为15 m~2的水泥池进行试验,养殖周期120 d。结果显示:在养殖试验期间,试验池养殖水体氨氮平均质量浓度为(0. 81±0. 99) mg/L,亚硝酸盐氮的平均质量浓度为(2. 00±3.96) mg/L,p H 7. 48±0. 36,弧菌的平均质量浓度为(120±77) cfu/m L;经过120 d的养殖,对虾的平均全长达到(14. 022±0. 269) cm,平均体质量达到(15. 748±1. 803) g。研究表明,在室外循环水养殖水泥池利用生物絮团技术进行凡纳滨对虾养殖,具有养殖存活率高、换水率低、养殖产量高等优点,应用前景广阔。 相似文献
11.
采用封闭流水式装置,研究斑点叉尾[鱼回]幼鱼(Ictalurus Punctatus)(约9~11 g)在不同温度条件下(18,22和26℃)的耗氧率和氨氮排泄率变化情况。结果表明,在18,22和26℃时斑点叉尾[鱼回]幼鱼的耗氧率分别为(171.66±33)mg/(kg·h),(97.22±26)mg/(kg·h)和(171.83±44)mg/(kg·h),26℃处理组的耗氧率最高,与22℃处理组具显著差异(P<0.05);氨氮排泄率也表现出随水温的升高而升高的趋势,18,22和26℃时其氨氮排泄率分别为(0.40±0.01)mg/(g·h),(0.44±0.01)mg/(g·h)和(0.58±0.01)mg/(g·h)。在22~26℃,斑点叉尾[鱼回]幼鱼的耗氧率和氨氮排泄率均随温度升高而升高。 相似文献
12.
温度对不同规格珍珠龙胆石斑鱼(棕点石斑鱼♀×鞍带石斑鱼♂)呼吸和排泄的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用实验生态学方法,研究了不同水温(15.8℃、21.0℃、26.6℃、30.9℃、36.5℃)对小[(28.1?1.1)g]、中[(278.9?20.1)g]、大[(575.8?37.4)g]3种规格的珍珠龙胆石斑鱼(棕点石斑鱼♀×鞍带石斑鱼♂)(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×Epinephelus lanceolatus♂)呼吸和排泄的影响。实验结果表明,温度和规格对珍珠龙胆耗氧率和排氨率的影响均达到显著水平(P0.05);小、中、大3种规格珍珠龙胆耗氧率和排氨率随水温的增加呈现先升高后降低、再升高的变化规律,当水温为26.6℃时达到最大值,分别为(1.510±0.124)mg/(g·h)、(0.306±0.007)mg/(g·h)、(0.161±0.010)mg/(g·h)和(47.739±21.048)μg/(g·h)、(13.956±1.783)μg/(g·h)、(6.811±1.882)μg/(g·h),耗氧率和排氨率与温度之间的回归关系均符合一元四次方程,相关系数R2均为1.000。在水温15.8~36.5℃范围,相同水温下,珍珠龙胆的耗氧率和排氨率随其个体的增大而降低,耗氧率和排氨率与规格之间的回归关系均符合一元二次方程,相关系数R2均为1.000。不同温度条件下,小、中、大3种规格珍珠龙胆的耗氧率Q10和排氨率Q10在21.0~26.6℃时均达到最大,且其均在26.6~30.9℃时最小。小、中、大3种规格O/N比值平均值变化范围分别为21.535~113.541、15.713~32.193、12.097~27.094,表明实验水温条件下小规格珍珠龙胆的供能物质为蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物,而中、大规格珍珠龙胆的主要能量物质为蛋白质和脂肪。 相似文献
13.
采用改良后的黑白瓶法测定了蛋白核小球藻和裸甲藻在低温下的光合放氧和呼吸耗氧速率。研究结果表明,低温条件下蛋白核小球藻和裸甲藻仍具有一定的光合放氧能力。在光照度为2100lx,温度为-1℃时,蛋白核小球藻和裸甲藻叶绿素a光合放氧速率分别为(30.78±2.18)μmol/(mg·h)和(11.92±0.97)μmol/(mg·h);呼吸耗氧速率分别为(2.30±1.49)μmol/(mg·h)和(2.34±0.85)μmol/(mg·h)。在-1～4℃,2种单胞藻的净光合放氧速率和呼吸耗氧速率随温度变化的曲线基本相似,均随温度升高呈指数增长,但其增长幅度随种类不同而有较大差异。 相似文献
14.
为了解盐度对泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)生理活动的影响,探究其昼夜活动节律,在室内实验条件下,控制水温25℃,采用静水养殖法,以耗氧率和排氨率分别作为呼吸和排泄的生理指标,研究了20、24、28、30、32共计5个盐度梯度下泥蚶的呼吸和排泄强度,同时对泥蚶在光照条件和暗处理下的呼吸与排泄强度进行了测定。结果发现,泥蚶耗氧率和排氨率随着盐度的升高均先上升、后下降,耗氧率为0.33～0.48 mg/（g?h）,排氨率为0.044～0.067 mg/(g?h);泥蚶在盐度28的环境下呼吸和排泄强度最高,且不同盐度下耗氧率之间、排氨率之间差异显著（P<0.05）。暗处理下泥蚶的耗氧率在0.42～0.53 mg/(g?h),排氨率在0.049～0.057 mg/(g?h);光照条件下泥蚶的耗氧率在0.40～0.44 mg/(g?h),排氨率为0.042～0.051 mg/(g?h);暗处理条件下呼吸与排泄强度比光照条件下的更高,但2种状态下耗氧率、排氨率差异均不显著（P>0.05）;表明实验条件下泥蚶对光照和暗处理反应不明显,即泥蚶不存在明显的昼夜节律现象。 相似文献
15.
Neila S Sumagaysay-Chavoso 《Aquaculture Research》2003,34(5):407-418
This study determined the digestibility of nitrogen and phosphorus, and the excretion rate of different‐sized groups of milkfish fed a commercial diet, a SEAFDEC formulated diet or lab‐lab (natural food‐based diet). Fish (31.2–263.0 g) were stocked in 12 units of 300‐L fibreglass tanks filled with aerated seawater. The postprandial total ammonia‐nitrogen (TAN) and phosphate (PO4‐P) excretion of fish were estimated from changes in TAN and PO4‐P concentrations in water for 24 h. Digestibility was determined from the nitrogen, phosphorus and Cr2O3 content of the diets, and pooled faeces after the fish had been fed diets marked with chromic oxide. TAN excretion rate (mg TAN kg?1 fish day?1) was significantly lowest (P < 0.05) in medium to very big fish fed the lab‐lab diet (60.8–124.4) and highest in small and medium fish fed the SEAFDEC diet (333.3–331.6) and small fish fed the commercial diet (280.1). Regardless of size, fish fed lab‐lab excreted (mg PO4‐P kg?1 fish day?1) significantly lower PO4‐P (36.2) but did not differ with fish fed the commercial diet (64.8). Excretion rates decreased exponentially as fish weight increased but positively increased with feed ration. Excretion pattern of milkfish revealed two peaks: the first peak occurred 6 h after feeding and the second peak at 18 h for TAN and 21 h for PO4‐P, coinciding with the start of the daylight hours. TAN and PO4‐P excretion accounted for 20.5–34.6% of total N consumed and 18.7–42.6% of P consumed respectively. Approximately 27.9–42.5% of N consumed and 47.2–58.5% of P consumed were lost as faeces. Total nutrient losses were lower using the lab‐lab diet (0.31 g N and 0.14 g P kg?1 fish) compared with the formulated diets (0.47–0.48 g N and 0.17–0.19 g P kg?1 fish); the losses decreased per kg of fish as fish size increased. Results suggest that the diet and size of fish influence wastage of N and P to the environment with greater losses in small fish and when artificial diets are used. Such measurements will provide valuable information for the preparation of N and P budgets for milkfish in grow‐out systems. 相似文献
16.
2012年5月和9月,2013年3月和6月,在自然水温条件下,采用呼吸瓶法比较了不同温度(5.6℃、10.5℃、14.4℃、21.2℃)下普通养殖虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)和虾夷扇贝选育新品种海大金贝(Haida golden scallop)耗氧率和排氨率的影响。结果表明,在实验设置水温范围内(5.6~21.2℃),普通虾夷扇贝和海大金贝的耗氧率表现出相似的变化趋势。在温度达到14.4℃之前,实验贝耗氧率随温度的升高而增大,而在14.4℃后,则随温度的升高而减小。两种贝最大耗氧率分别为1.67 mg/(g·h)和1.27 mg/(g·h),其中在5.6℃和14.4℃海大金贝耗氧率显著小于普通虾夷扇贝(P0.05);10.5℃和21.2℃时,两组贝类的耗氧率差异不显著(P0.05)。普通虾夷扇贝和海大金贝排氨率随温度变化呈现出不同的趋势。前者从5.6℃开始,随温度的升高,排氨率缓慢升高,水温为14.4℃时达到最大值,为0.063 mg/(g·h),然后逐渐降低,14.4℃水温的排氨率显著大于10.5℃和21.2℃(P0.05);而从5.6℃到10.5℃,后者的排氨率逐渐降低,10.5℃时达到最低值,为0.029 mg/(g·h),然后随温度升高缓慢升高,到21.2℃达到最高值。海大金贝组在温度条件为5.6℃和21.2℃时排氨率高于普通虾夷扇贝组(P0.05);而水温为14.4℃时,普通虾夷扇贝组排氨率显著高于海大金贝组(P0.05);10.5℃时两者排氨率差异不显著(P0.05)。两实验组耗氧率Q_10系数均随温度的升高而降低。O/N结果表明,普通虾夷扇贝在本次研究的设定温度区间内以消耗脂肪和碳水化合物为主;海大金贝以消耗蛋白质为主,当温度逐渐升高,转化为以消耗脂肪和碳水化合物为主,当水温达到较高的水平,又转换为以消耗蛋白质为主。 相似文献
17.
ABSTRACT: To study the influence of different photoperiod cycles on the metabolic rate and energy loss of fed and unfed adult tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (bodyweight 102–107 g) at 28°C, four photoperiod cycles (i.e. 3L : 3D, 6L : 6D, 12L : 12D, and 24L : 24D) were applied. A computer-operated respirometer with a closed tank was used so as to prevent water from condensing from the air or evaporating into the air. A photoperiod-mediated metabolic cycle was demonstrated during the routine state in which the metabolic rate was higher during the light phase compared with during the dark phase for all photoperiods. The combined effects of photoperiod and feeding episodes acted as a strong Zeitgeber (cue or synchronizer) for synchronizing the daily rhythm in fed fish. Fish exposed to short photoperiod cycles showed a higher metabolic rate and energy loss compared with those exposed to longer photoperiod cycles. Mean oxygen consumption in the fed and unfed fish were 295.7 mg/kg per h and 149.8 mg/kg per h, respectively, during the 3L : 3D period; 286.5 mg/kg per h and 143.3 mg/kg per h during the 6L : 6D period; 262.2 mg/kg per h and 130.3 mg/kg per h during the 12L : 12D period; and 238.3 mg/kg per h and 120.4 mg/kg per h during the 24L : 24D period. The highest post-prandial increase in energy loss was recorded during the 3L : 3D period (56.2 kJ/kg per day), followed by 55.1 kJ/kg per day during the 6L : 6D period, 50.7 kJ/kg per day during the 12L : 12D period, and 45.4 kJ/kg per day during the 24L : 24D period. The study's results demonstrated that the fish conserve energy when raised under longer photoperiod cycles. 相似文献
18.
为了探索鱼类在船载振动条件下的应激响应和适应性,为深远海大型养殖平台养殖工艺设计与模式构建提供基础数据和理论依据,利用机械振动台模拟船载工况,研究不同振动频率和时间条件下斑石鲷(Oplegnathus punctatus)的血液和生化指标变化情况。结果表明:振动时间5 min,10 Hz组和50 Hz组的斑石鲷各方面指标均与对照组无显著性差异,30 Hz组的血清葡萄糖显著降低,皮质醇和肾上腺素指标显著升高,肌糖原和肝糖原无显著差异;振动时间60 min,各实验组斑石鲷的血清葡萄糖指标均显著降低,皮质醇和肾上腺素指标显著升高,但对肌糖原和肝糖原指标无显著影响;水质变化情况显示,振动60 min后水体内溶氧浓度和氨氮浓度指标有所上升,水温、盐度、p H等无明显变化。研究表明,低频振动对鱼类的影响主要是通过产生水流变化进而被侧线器官感受到,引起斑石鲷脑神经兴奋,产生应激。短时振动对斑石鲷不会造成较大影响,而长时间振动会引起斑石鲷一定程度的应激反应。 相似文献
19.
Stringent environmental legislation in Europe, especially in the Baltic Sea area, limits the discharge of nutrients to natural water bodies, limiting the aquaculture production in the region. Therefore, cost-efficient end-of-pipe treatment technologies to reduce nitrogen (N) discharge are required for the sustainable growth of marine land-based RAS. The following study examined the potential of fed batch reactors (FBR) in treating saline RAS effluents, aiming to define optimal operational conditions and evaluate the activated sludge denitrification capacity using external (acetate, propionate and ethanol) and internal carbon sources (RAS fish organic waste (FOW) and RAS fermented fish organic waste (FFOW)). The results show that between the evaluated operation cycle times (2, 4, and 6 h), the highest nitrate/nitrite removal rate was achieved at an operation cycle time of 2 h (corresponding to a hydraulic retention time of 2.5 h) when acetate was used as a carbon source. The specific denitrification rates were 98.7 ± 3.4 mg NO3−-N/(h g biomass) and 93.2 ± 13.6 mg NOx−-N/(h g biomass), with a resulting volumetric denitrification capacity of 1.20 kg NO3−-N/(m3 reactor d). The usage of external and internal carbon sources at an operation cycle time of 4 h demonstrated that acetate had the highest nitrate removal rate (57.6 ± 6.6 mg N/(h g biomass)), followed by propionate (37.5 ± 6.3 mg NO3−-N/(h g biomass)), ethanol (25.5 ± 6.0 mg NO3−-N/(h g biomass)) and internal carbon sources (7.7 ± 1.6–14.1 ± 2.2 mg NO3−-N/(h g biomass)). No TAN (Total Ammonia Nitrogen) or PO43- accumulation was observed in the effluent when using the external carbon sources, while 0.9 ± 0.5 mg TAN/L and 3.9 ± 1.5 mg PO43--P/L was found in the effluent when using the FOW, and 8.1±0.7 mg TAN/L and 7.3 ± 0.9 mg PO43--P/L when using FFOW. Average sulfide concentrations varied between 0.002 and 0.008 mg S2-/L when using the acetate, propionate and FOW, while using ethanol resulted in the accumulation of sulfide (0.26 ± 0.17 mg S2-/L). Altogether, it was demonstrated that FBR has a great potential for end-of-pipe denitrification in marine land-based RAS, with a reliable operation and a reduced reactor volume as compared to the other available technologies. Using acetate, the required reactor volume is less than half of what is needed for other evaluated carbon sources, due to the higher denitrification rate achieved. Additionally, combined use of both internal and external carbon sources would further reduce the operational carbon cost. 相似文献
20.
Effect of different photoperiod cycles on metabolic rate and energy loss of both
fed and unfed young tilapia Oreochromis niloticus: Part I 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ABSTRACT: The influence of different photoperiod cycles (3L : 3D, 6L : 6D, 12L : 12D, and 24L : 24D) on the metabolic rate and energy loss of either fed or unfed young tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (bodyweight 8.6–9.5 g) was investigated at 28°C. A computer-operated respirometer with a closed tank was used to prevent water from evaporating into the air or condensing from the air. The photoperiods acted as strong Zeitgeber (i.e., cue or synchronizer) during the experiments with either fed or unfed fish. A photoperiod-mediated metabolic cycle was demonstrated in fed and unfed fish in which oxygen consumption was higher during the light phase compared with during the dark phase for all photoperiods. Mean oxygen consumption during the 3L : 3D, 6L : 6D, 12L : 12D, and 24L : 24D periods for fed and unfed fish were 685.06 mg/kg per h and 299.33 mg/kg per h; 658.52 mg/kg per h and 284.80 mg/kg per h; 591.09 mg/kg per h and 249.62 mg/kg per h; and 500.64 mg/kg per h and 239.14 mg/kg per h, respectively. The highest post-prandial increase in energy loss was recorded during the 3L : 3D period (145.88 kJ/kg per day), followed by 141.19 kJ/kg per day during the 6L : 6D, 128.70 kJ/kg per day during the 12L : 12D, and 99.92 kJ/kg per day during the 24L : 24D periods. The results suggest that higher energy conservation would be achieved if fish are exposed to longer rather than shorter photoperiod cycles. 相似文献