共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
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IPM事业在湖北 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
IPM即有害生物综合治理 (Integrated PestManagement)的英文简写。70年代中期我国植保工作者提出了“预防为主 ,综合防治”的植保方针 ,即IPM方针 ,在防御农作物病虫草鼠灾害 ,夺取农业丰收方面发挥了巨大的作用。随着农村经济体制改革 ,面对千家万户 ,IPM技术如何转化为生产力 ,传统的农技推广方法面临新的挑战。在全国农技推广服务中心的领导下 ,各地着手进行将 IPM技术转化为直接的生产力的探索。我省先后参加了联合国粮农组织国家间水稻有害生物综合治理 (IPM)项目 ,亚洲开发银行和欧盟棉花有害生物综合治理 (IPM)项目的实施。… 相似文献
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由世界银行提供贷款用于支持我国的农业技术综合服务和推广体系建设的项目已经草签。农业部全国植保总站承担了该项目中的子项目——水稻、棉花、蔬菜有害生物综合治理(IPM),并于1993年4月初在北京召开了首次项目研讨会。该项目的目的是在水稻、棉花、蔬菜作物上,建立有害生物综合治理的最佳模式,其中包括建立一个良好的农田生态系统,减少化 相似文献
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辣椒病虫草害综合防治,就是贯彻我国"预防为主,综合防治"的植保方针. 综合防治,是对有害生物科学管理的体系.它从农业生态总体出发,根据有害生物和环境之间的相互关系,充分发挥自然因素的作用,因地制宜协调应用必要的措施,将有害生物控制在经济受害允许水平以下,以获得最佳经济、生态和社会效益. 相似文献
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小麦一生可以遭受多种有害生物(病、虫、草害等)的危害,不同有害生物对小麦生长发育的影响可能存在着各种相互关系。对这种相互关系的探讨,既是认识麦田有害生物系统的前提,也是制定综合治理方案的理论依据。 相似文献
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麦田有害生物化学防治关键技术 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
１化学防治在ＩＰＭ中的地位和存在问题麦田有害生物的综合治理体系（ＩＰＭ）中,化学防治是一项关键技术措施。虽然采用抗性品种或生态调控技术可以控制某些病虫,但是麦田大多数有害生物,必须采用化学防治才能控制为害。从小麦播种到收获,麦田有害生物的发生有着明显... 相似文献
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新中国成立５０年来，我国植保工作取得了显著成效，植保体系从无到有，建立了从中央到省、地和县较为完善的植保组织机构；在植保技术的研究与应用上，从传统的以消灭病虫为目的的短期行为，发展到着眼于农业的持续发展，进一步协调了自然控制和人为防治，有害生物的监测预报、检疫防疫、抗性监测、科学用药以及综合治理水平都有了很大提高；同时，植保法规建设日益完善，防灾抗灾能力明显增强，在控制有害生物猖獗为害，保障农业丰产增收方面发挥了重要作用。 在新形势下，植保工作面临许多新的课题：一是随着我国农业结构的战略性调整，… 相似文献
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植保有害生物风险分析理论体系的探讨 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：6
植保有害生物风险分析需要正确地收集大量数据。并急需建立实用的或可操作的有害生物风险分析体系，针对这种情况，本文将风险相关因素归纳为天气，地理和生物3大类，提出了有害生物的天气-地理-生物复合体系。该体系以生态网为出发点，对有害生物风险条件，事件及风险种类按层次和等级进行风险因子划分，然后进行风险因子模拟，风险分析和计算，实现有害生物的多因子调控管理。从而在风险分析，风险预测和风险决策的基础上，完成从风险确定，风险评价，风险管理到风险交流的风险全过程管理。 相似文献
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旱作节水农业综合效益评价体系研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
从旱作节水农业综合效益的基本内涵分析入手,分析了旱作节水农业的社会效益、经济效益、生态效益及其综合效益,并以可持续发展理论、生态—经济—社会耦合发展理论和区域局部均衡理论为基础,初步构建了旱作节水农业综合效益评价理论体系,包括理论基础、评价模型、指标体系、多目标综合评价方法和评价程序5个部分。在此基础上,重点探讨了评价指标体系的选择和确立,将指标体系划分为目标层、准则层、准则亚层和指标层4个层次,列出了每个亚层可能包含的基本指标。 相似文献
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引言有害生物综合治理是采用各种技术以减轻病虫对农作物的为害。然而,就这些被采用的技术而言,所需要的综合实际应是经济、推广和政策三方面的综合。本文依据水稻有害生物综合治理计划,一个目前正在七个亚洲国家实施的联合国粮农组织的综合防治项目中的经历而 相似文献
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During the past 2 years, there has been a rapid expansion of integrated pest management (IPM) in the ornamental sector of the glasshouse industry. Most of this expansion has resulted from improved availability of Amblyseius spp. for the control of thrips, although there is little information on the likelihood of success with this predator. IPM was done on 20 plant species on 21 nurseries in south-east England and there were many successes with crops that would normally receive intensive insecticide programmes to control thrips. Each plant species required its own IPM programme to be devised according to its pest complex. Techniques, particularly to monitor IPM, were devised and some staff were trained to assist in the monitoring. IPM is generally twice as expensive as routine insecticide programmes but has other advantages such as a safer environment for staff and better crop quality. 相似文献
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"绿色"农产品已经成为当今人类的主要关注点,而"绿色"的关键在于植物保护的思想、技术和策略。本文总结了农业生产模式的4个阶段:原始农业、传统农业、化学农业和物理农业,论述了农业生产模式及其与植物保护思想发展的关系,详细阐述了这4种农业生产模式下植物保护思想的产生、发展和变化的过程。同时,重新排序了IPM植保工程的5项措施:植物检疫、农业防治、物理防治、生物防治和化学防治。强调针对不同作物,制定标准化的IPM工程操作体系,以确保农产品的绿色品质。 相似文献
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Seiya Tsushima 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2014,80(5):389-400
An urgent need exists in Japan to reduce the use of crop protection chemicals, increase food safety, find an alternative to methyl bromide, and adopt sustainable agricultural practices. Integrated control and integrated pest management (IPM) are powerful approaches to resolve these problems. Integrated control, as described by Stern et al. (Hilgardia, 29: 81–101, 1959), was translated as sougouboujo in Japanese by Japanese entomologists and has become popular. However, this concept was first reported for rice diseases in Japan by Ito (Itoh, 28:1–204, 1932), to provide preventive control of three principal rice diseases using a combination of measures that inhibited primary infection. Many scientists in Japan have conducted research on sougouboujo. The term is still used by Japanese plant pathologists even though the Japanese government developed IPM guidelines in the 2000s. The sougouboujo concept described by Ito may be considered a type of preventive IPM based on biology. With this previous work as a foundation, research on sougouboujo in Japan is introduced as representing “integrated control.” In this report, I introduce the history of IPM in Japan including the new system of checklists based on the IPM guidelines of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) and a new IPM strategy to manage diseases caused by soilborne pathogens. 相似文献
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Do some IPM concepts contribute to the development of fungicide resistance? Lessons learned from the apple scab pathosystem in the United States 
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下载免费PDF全文 One goal of integrated pest management (IPM) as it is currently practiced is an overall reduction in fungicide use in the management of plant disease. Repeated and long‐term success of the early broad‐spectrum fungicides led to optimism about the capabilities of fungicides, but to an underestimation of the risk of fungicide resistance within agriculture. In 1913, Paul Ehrlich recognized that it was best to ‘hit hard and hit early’ to prevent microbes from evolving resistance to treatment. This tenet conflicts with the fungicide reduction strategies that have been widely promoted over the past 40 years as integral to IPM. The authors hypothesize that the approaches used to implement IPM have contributed to fungicide resistance problems and may still be driving that process in apple scab management and in IPM requests for proposals. This paper also proposes that IPM as it is currently practiced for plant diseases of perennial systems has been based on the wrong model, and that conceptual shifts in thinking are needed to address the problem of fungicide resistance. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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《EPPO Bulletin》1997,27(2-3):205-205
The 1996 EPPO Council Colloquium provided an opportunity for European plant protection services to present their alternative strategies for reducing the use of plant protection products. Several countries have set fixed targets for use reduction by certain dates, and have attained many of them. This approach has thus achieved visible success. It has, however, been criticized because use can be measured by different indices, because the real aim should be to reduce risks (to user, consumer and environment), and because it is mainly relevant for countries which have a high level of use in the first place. Other countries try to target their strategies more precisely, particularly by supporting IPM and related approaches. These strategies can be better justified, but it is difficult to assess to what extent they are reducing risks in practice. Yet other countries see the need to use plant protection products more effectively, which does not necessarily imply reducing their use. This is the case particularly for countries which have till recently had moderate levels of use and, in the case of most of central and eastern Europe, have seen this fall sharply in the last few years with the change in economic system. EPPO promotes an approach known as 'good plant protection practice', which seeks to use products optimally, within the limits set by the label recommendations on the one hand, and the possibilities for successful IPM on the other. 相似文献
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Plant training for induced defense against insect pests: a promising tool for integrated pest management in cotton 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Ana L Llandres Raki Almohamad Thierry Brévault Alain Renou Idrissa Téréta Janine Jean François‐Regis Goebel 《Pest management science》2018,74(9):2004-2012
Enhancing cotton pest management using plant natural defenses has been described as a promising way to improve the management of crop pests. We here reviewed various studies on cotton growing systems to illustrate how an ancient technique called plant training, which includes plant topping and pruning, may contribute to this goal. Using examples from cotton crops, we show how trained plants can be brought to a state of enhanced defense that causes faster and more robust activation of their defense responses. We revisit the agricultural benefits associated with this technique in cotton crops, with a focus on its potential as a supplementary tool for integrated pest management (IPM). In particular, we examine its role in mediating plant interactions with conspecific neighboring plants, pests and associated natural enemies. We propose a new IPM tool, plant training for induced defense, which involves inducing plant defense through artificial injury. Experimental evidence from various studies shows that cotton training is a promising technique, particularly for smallholders, which can be used as part of an IPM program to significantly reduce insecticide use and to improve productivity in cotton farming. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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This paper examines the evolution of integrated pest management (IPM) into the dominant paradigm in crop protection. The driving forces behind the development and adoption of IPM are explored and the conditions under which successful IPM has been practised are outlined. Repeated calls for the adoption of IPM in international agricultural research, extension and resource-poor farming are questioned in respect of claims made by IPM proponents. When examined, it becomes apparent that IPM per se is not a panacea for solving the problems faced by resource-poor farmers. Further investigation into the social, political, economic and ecological parameters associated with the development and implementation of IPM shows that is can work under certain conditions. However, the situation of most resource-poor farmers does not match the necessary criteria for the implemetation of IPM programmes. Viewed thus, it could be argued that IPM is more a vehicle for the continued transfer of technologies developed in response to the pressures exerted by argibusiness rather than a truly farmer first approach to solving the contraints facing the lives of resource-poor farmers in developing countries 相似文献