共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 593 毫秒
1.
秘鲁鱼粉因其氨基酸含量高且平衡,而深受畜禽养殖场的欢迎。它对提高畜禽的生长速度、提高饲料报酬起着十分重要的作用。但它也存在诸多缺点:①由于它是动物源性的饲料蛋白,存在潜在的安全问题;②由于需长途运输,质量不易稳定,大肠杆菌往往偏高,有时甚至出现沙门氏菌超标的情况;③由于鱼粉资源所限而导致价格过高,货源也不稳定;④由于市场因素,而经常出现掺杂使假的情况,给畜牧场的正常生产带来严重问题;⑤国家每年花费大量外汇。因此,研究秘鲁鱼粉的替代品有着重要的现实意义。中国是一个农业大国,各种农副产品资源十分丰富,各种工业糟渣类… 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
游小建 《河南畜牧兽医(综合版)》2000,(7)
作为饲料蛋白的主要原料 ,优质鱼粉维生素、微量元素丰富 ;钙、磷含量高 ,有效磷比例高 ;含有未知促生长因子 ;特别是氨基酸组成好 ,赖氨酸、蛋氨酸含量高 ,适合于同其他饲料配伍 ,氨基酸容易平衡。由于饲料行业呈现良好的发展势头 ,因此 ,对鱼粉的需求将保持快速增长趋势。根据业内人士近期分析 ,可以对未来鱼粉市场的需求与供给作出如下预测 :（１）世界鱼粉的需求将保持增长趋势 ,但是鱼粉供给将在一定水平（６２０万～７２０万吨）波动 ,供不应求局面将导致鱼粉价格持续上升 ;（２）国际鱼粉价格将由于产量限制和需求扩张的矛盾存在而逐… 相似文献
5.
6.
鱼粉是当前国内外常用的重要的动物性蛋白饲料资源,其蛋白含量之高可达60%左右,含各种氨基酸成分全面,鱼粉依其纯度和品质大致可分为3类:全身鱼粉、下杂鱼粉、混合鱼粉。全身鱼粉由全鱼所制得,主要含鱼肉,少量为鱼骨,不允许有任何掺杂物存在;下杂鱼粉主要由鱼体加工后的残屑、小杂鱼或鱼骨鱼内脏溶浆等所制,鱼肉较少,大量为鱼骨、鱼鳞等;混合鱼粉是在下杂鱼粉中加入一部分非鱼成分,这类鱼粉的粗蛋白也可达40～50%,缺点是蛋白来源较复杂,饲用价值也随加入的非鱼粉杂质不同而异。由于畜牧业的发展, 相似文献
7.
8.
无鱼粉饲料配方的几个技术问题 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近年来,许多专业杂志上关于无鱼粉日粮的试验和论述很多,但其结论不尽相同.有的试验认为:完全用豆粕加蛋氨酸代替鱼粉是可行的,但多数报道表明:有鱼粉日粮的饲养效果总比无鱼粉日粮好,可经济效益却是无鱼粉日粮要好一些.也有人认为:在日粮中加少量的鱼粉(2%-3%)是必要的.由于存在上述不同结论,所以,需要我们进一步探讨.一、鱼粉的两面性鱼粉做为蛋白质饲料有它优越的一面,鱼粉中各种营养物质含量高,质量好,各种营 相似文献
9.
10.
<正>随着我国的经济发展,饲料行业已经结束了高速度、高增长,走入了一个稳定增长的新时期。由于近几年水产养殖业不断扩大,水产饲料快速增长,鱼粉需求进入持续高增长阶段。长期以来我国饲用鱼粉长期依赖进口,而进口鱼粉价格波动频 相似文献
11.
12.
Three different milk sampling techniques were evaluated during milk sampling: a direct aseptic collection from the udder through a sterile cannula was used as the reference technique, compared with either a manual or a mechanical sampling method. In this study 30 high-yielding Holstein-Friesian dairy cows at different stages of lactation and free of udder infection were used. For each milk sample, the influence of milk sampling techniques was determined for the following parameters: somatic cell count, milk composition, bacterial contamination, viability, in vitro phagocytosis and overall killing of Staphylococcus aureus Newbould 305, and cellular chemiluminescence. Because milk sampling occurred throughout lactation, the differences between early, mid- and late lactation were estimated. It was concluded that bacterial contamination was not significantly different in manual milking samples and the reference technique; bacterial contamination was, however, significantly (P < 0.001) higher in machine milking samples than in the reference technique. Among the different sampling techniques, no significant effects on SCC, milk composition, viability and functions of the cells isolated from milk were observed. It was found that viability, intracellular killing and cellular chemiluminescence of milk PMN were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in early lactation compared to mid-lactation. Phagocytosis was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in early lactation compared to mid- and late lactation, and no significant differences were observed between mid- and late lactation. From this study, it can be concluded that despite a higher bacterial contamination obtained with the mechanical sampling method, the 3 milk sampling techniques described in this study can be used for the evaluation of milk cell functions. 相似文献
13.
14.
Hendrick SH Kelton DF Leslie KE Lissemore KD Archambault M Duffield TF 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2005,227(8):1302-1308
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of paratuberculosis on culling, milk production, and milk quality in infected dairy herds. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. ANIMALS: 689 lactating dairy cows in 9 herds. PROCEDURE: Milk, blood, and fecal samples were obtained from all cows. Fecal samples were evaluated via mycobacterial culture. Serum samples were tested with a commercially available ELISA for antibodies against Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis, and preserved milk samples were tested with an ELISA for antibodies against M paratuberculosis. Mixed effect and proportional hazards models were used to determine the effect of paratuberculosis on 305-day milk, fat, and protein production; somatic cell count linear score; and the risk of culling. RESULTS: Cows with positive results of bacteriologic culture of feces and milk ELISA produced less milk, fat, and protein, compared with herdmates with negative results. No difference in 305-day milk or fat production was detected in cows with positive results of serum ELISA, compared with seronegative cows. The 3 survival analyses revealed that cows with positive results of each test were at higher risk of being culled than cows with negative results. Paratuberculosis status, as determined by use of all 3 diagnostic tests, was not associated with milk somatic cell count linear score. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that for the 9 herds in this study, paratuberculosis significantly decreased milk production and cow longevity. 相似文献
15.
用气相色谱 质谱联用仪(GC MS)对牦牛乳、黑白花奶牛乳、犏牛乳及牦牛乳制品（奶油、酥油、曲拉、酸奶）中的脂肪酸组成进行了测定。结果表明,牦牛乳中功能性脂肪酸,如共轭亚油酸（CLA）、亚油酸（LA）、α 亚麻酸（ALA）、γ 亚麻酸（GLA）占总脂肪酸的比重均显著高于犏牛乳和黑白花奶牛乳（P＜0.05）;犏牛乳中ω 6/ω 3 PUFA的比值（1.55）略高于牦牛乳（1.54）,差异不显著（P＞0.05）,但都在最佳膳食平衡比值范围内,黑白花奶牛乳中ω 6/ω 3多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的比值（11.33）超过了推荐最佳比值。加工处理能够改变乳制品脂肪酸的构成,如牦牛乳奶油中检测出原奶中所不含的一种亚油酸（18:2Δ8c,11c）。酥油主要以不饱和脂肪酸（UFA）为主,而曲拉主要以饱和脂肪酸（SFA）为主,牦牛酸奶中没有检测到GLA。 相似文献
16.
17.
J Nix 《The British veterinary journal》1988,144(3):213-220
18.
19.
A S Garst S F Ball B L Williams C M Wood J W Knight H D Moll C H Aardema F C Gwazdauskas 《Journal of animal science》1999,77(7):1624-1630
This study was conducted to 1) determine milk yield of sows that were machine milked up to four times daily; 2) determine the effect of pig substitution on milk yield; 3) assess litter weight changes for sows that are milked; and 4) determine milk composition. Eight sows were milked four times daily to d 51 postpartum. Sows either maintained their own litter or had a week-old replacement litter to replace 25-d-old pigs. Individual gland milk yields were obtained on random days throughout lactation, and different diameter and weighted teat cups were rotated so that all glands received all combinations. Composite milk samples were analyzed for fat, protein, and somatic cells. Milk yields peaked at about 19 d postpartum and declined to 45 d postpartum in sows with their own litter, whereas milk yields peaked earlier and had a more dramatic decline after fostering of a younger litter. Litter weights were 17.1 +/- 1.0 kg at farrowing with 13.6 +/- .6 pigs born alive. Final litter weights were 34.4 +/- 11.7 kg for sows with replacement litters and 74.4 +/- 13.5 kg for sows with their own litters, and numbers of pigs weaned were 6.5 +/- 1.3 and 9.7 +/- 1.5, respectively. Milk fat was influenced by route of oxytocin administration (6.53 +/- .12 for i.v. vs 7.21 +/- .19% for i.m. administration; P < .05). Milk fat percentage was highest on d 2 and declined to 13 d postpartum. Milk protein was influenced by time of day of milking (lowest at the fourth milking, 5.57 +/- .11%) and followed a pattern similar to that for milk fat. Milk protein was affected in a linear manner by milk yield, with highest protein associated with lowest milk yields. Somatic cells in milk were influenced by litter replacement (P < .05) and oxytocin administration (P < .01). There was a linear increase in somatic cells from about 8 x 10(6) cells/mL milk at d 2 to more than 12 x 10(6) cells/mL milk at d 51 postpartum. These results show that pig replacement affects the amount of milk obtained. Moreover, milk composition changes throughout lactation. However, milk removal from sows has a severe impact on litter weight gains, and in systems where sow's milk is needed for commercial purposes, pig supplementation is necessary. 相似文献
20.
The associations between milk production, milk composition and Salmonella in the bulk milk supplies of dairy farms in Ontario. 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The purpose of this study was to assess changes in dairy herd milk production and milk composition associated with changes in Salmonella contamination of bulk milk on dairy farms in southwestern Ontario. Twenty-three dairy farms that had submitted milk filters for culture from which Salmonella were isolated (cases) and 23 farms that submitted Salmonella-negative milk filters (controls) were included in the study. The rolling herd averages for milk and fat of case and control farms for the months of December 1985, December 1986 and April 1987 were compared and no significant differences were detected. Case and control farms were divided into three groups (A,B,C) on the basis of Salmonella culture results of milk filters submitted at various time periods throughout the study. Daily and monthly changes in milk production and composition parameters that reflected the time periods of milk filter culture were compared. The following unconditional associations between a changing Salmonella infection status on dairy farms and changes in milk production or composition variables were significant (p less than or equal to 0.05): group A: case farms had higher plate loop counts than control farms; group B: case farms had younger cows than control farms; group C: case farms had cows with longer average days in lactation than control farms. After analytical control of confounding variables, the disappearance of Salmonella from bulk milk supplies of dairy farms was associated with a decrease in percent fat and in somatic cell count. 相似文献