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悬挂式旋耕机耕深监测系统设计与试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对旋耕机作业耕深测量效率低和缺乏有效在线监测手段的问题,以悬挂式旋耕机耕深为检测对象,研究了一种基于旋耕机悬挂姿态的非线性耕深监测系统,以提高旋耕作业质量自动化监测水平。首先,对旋耕机的悬挂姿态进行分析,确定了旋耕机耕深与悬挂姿态之间的数学关系式,综合考虑悬挂式旋耕机组的结构形变和车轮下陷等因素对测量结果的影响,建立了三参数非线性耕深测量模型,该模型通过拟合旋耕机悬挂姿态角和耕深的关系,可实时计算实际耕作状态下的耕深;其次,为验证该模型的测量精度,设计了适用于车载终端的悬挂式旋耕机耕深监测系统,该系统集成卫星定位、实时耕深测量、作业速度测量、作业面积计算、稳定性评估等模块,支持数据云端存储与共享;最后,对模型参数进行标定试验,采用最小二乘法对模型进行参数优化,利用标定后的耕深监测系统开展多组田间试验。与人工测量结果对比显示,耕深最大误差不超过0. 80 cm,均方根误差不超过0. 55 cm,表明该悬挂式旋耕机耕深监测系统精度高、稳定性好。通过耕深质量评估试验生成多组带有位置信息的评估报表,表明该监测系统能够对旋耕耕深质量进行全面评估。 相似文献
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针对传统深松作业质量检测方法耗时长、精度低的问题,本研究基于传感器技术设计了一种高精度、低成本的深松整地作业深度检测系统,该检测系统可依据深松机具悬挂系统的结构,结合倾角传感器、超声波传感器和深松机具运动过程中产生的几何位移变化规律测量耕深距离。研究结果表明：深松机悬挂结构在作业过程中的角度及高度变化规律符合实际作业情况,基于姿态解算与卡尔曼滤波推导出的耕深测量计算公式可用于深松作业中的耕深距离测量。 相似文献
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【目的】针对传统人工方式抽检农机作业质量和数量,存在检测效率比较低的问题,设计了一种农机深松整地作业监测系统。【方法】笔者分析监测系统设计原理,利用倾角感应器和超声波传感器构成耕深数据收集设备,利用不同的作业参数实现耕深信息的实时更新,为耕深信息实时监测提供数据基础。利用农机具终端实现位置定位,通过移动网络上传到服务平台中,实现统一管理。【结果】该系统通过田间试验,系统作业的深度测量误差在1.18 cm以下,均方根误差在0.64 cm以下;系统作业面积测量误差和平均误差均不超过0.91%、0.53%,为深松作业的补助提供量化的依据。【结论】系统已经在全国各地开展应用示范,进一步了提高补贴监测管理的准确性,降低了管理部门人力、物力的付出成本,提高了农机作业信息化管理水平。 相似文献
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针对深松作业时用户无法有效监控耕地深度的问题,以悬挂式深松机耕深为检测对象,研究了一种基于三点悬挂装置下拉杆与水平方向夹角和车身侧倾角的耕深监控装置。对深松机组悬挂结构进行分析,建立了深松机水平及侧倾作业时耕深计算模型,以下拉杆与水平方向夹角和车身侧倾角的变化间接确定耕深;设计了耕深监控装置,装置内置MPU6050模块可实时得到角度变化并反馈耕深值。为验证装置的性能,进行了田间试验,结果显示,耕深最大误差不超过1.1 cm,表明该悬挂式深松机耕深监控装置精度高、稳定性好,符合设计要求。 相似文献
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设计了农用拖拉机深松作业监控系统,采用MPU6050传感器来测量耕深深度,基于STM32U575微控制器对传感器角度进行采集和分析。试验结果表明：农业拖拉机作业深度监测误差较小,小于2cm,最大误差小于5个百分比,系统操作简单,工作稳定,可以满足实际应用需求。 相似文献
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针对长江中下游农业区土壤黏重潮湿、机具碾压导致地表平整度差、耕作时耕深不稳定等问题,提出了一种基于拖拉机车身俯仰角与悬挂装置提升臂转角的耕深监控方法。首先,对旋耕作业机组姿态进行分析,确定了耕深与角度之间的几何关系,建立了耕深控制模型,并利用角位移传感器和倾角传感器分别测量提升臂转角和拖拉机车身俯仰角的变化,从而间接确定耕深;然后设计了耕深电液监控系统,该系统可预设耕深和实时显示耕深;最后,选用Simulink软件通过仿真对耕深电液监控系统进行响应速度检验,仿真结果显示,系统能在0.6s达到稳定状态,满足耕深控制要求。进行了耕深自动监控系统准确性试验,结果表明,系统能检测因倾仰导致的三点悬挂下拉杆悬挂点高度的变化量,调控高度稳定在设定值,验证了系统的准确性。为检验耕深电液监控系统田间作业性能,选择所设计的电液监控系统与原机械调节系统进行了对比试验,结果表明,利用电液监控系统进行旋耕作业时,其在各工况中耕深稳定性变异系数不超过4.28%,耕深标准差和耕深稳定性变异系数均低于机械调节系统。 相似文献
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基于卡尔曼滤波融合算法的深松耕深检测装置研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为提高实时检测耕深的准确性,设计了基于超声波传感器和红外传感器以及卡尔曼滤波融合算法的耕深检测装置,采用超声波传感器通过渡越时间法测量耕深,采用红外传感器通过三角测距法测量耕深,通过卡尔曼滤波融合算法滤除两传感器检测数据中的杂波,并进行融合。室内试验表明,在平整地面,红外传感器检测效果优于超声波传感器;在秸秆覆盖地面,超声波传感器检测效果优于红外传感器。经卡尔曼滤波融合后的数据能充分利用两传感器在不同环境中检测的有效数据。在设定耕深为30 cm和40 cm的田间试验中,超声波传感器滤波数据的平均值分别为29.51 cm和38.79 cm,深松深度变异系数分别为2.51%和3.10%;红外传感器滤波数据的平均耕深分别为32.06 cm和41.52 cm,深松深度变异系数分别为2.41%和2.76%;而经卡尔曼滤波融合后的数据平均耕深分别为30.06 cm和39.95 cm,深松深度变异系数分别为1.07%和1.00%,说明采用滤波融合后的检测数据比单个传感器更能准确检测耕深和反映耕深变化趋势。 相似文献
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土地耕作是拖拉机的一项重要作业内容,耕作质量通过耕深来反映。拖拉机耕深控制方法大多为液压式或电液混合式,控制的准确性和可靠性较高,但耕深调节存在一定的滞后,而采用电力控制系统可以较好地解决上述问题。为此,在拖拉机上安装电力控制系统,对铧式悬挂犁组的耕深进行控制。系统接收传感器的实时数据,分析结果并与设定的耕深数据比较,确定耕深的修正量;步进电机按照控制指令转动,使分配室内的油液重新分配,改变犁体提升臂的位置以达到调节耕深的目的。试验结果表明:在不同的试验条件下,实际耕深偏离设置值很小,系统对耕深的监测准确,实时性和准确性较高。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献