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1.
常温下以香辛料兴安百里香精油熏蒸气调保鲜草莓,从贮存期草莓的失重率、腐烂指数、可溶性固形物、VC含量、可滴定酸、可溶性还原糖、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)比活力指标来研究兴安百里香精油对草莓的保鲜效果。试验结果:品质指标中,精油熏蒸气调可减少失重率、降低腐烂指数、保持较高可溶性固形物含量;生理指标中,精油熏蒸气调可有效减缓VC含量、可滴定酸含量、可溶性还原糖的降低;抗氧化酶系指标中,精油熏蒸气调的CAT比活力、PPO比活力均高于对照,但对POD比活力影响不明显。可见,兴安百里香精油熏蒸气调保鲜草莓可一定程度延长草莓的贮存期。 相似文献
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离体条件下细辛精油对3种棉花病害致病菌的抑菌活性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用生长速率法和孢子萌发法测定细辛精油对引起棉花病害的3种病原菌（红腐病菌、褐斑病菌、曲霉病菌）的菌丝生长和孢子萌发的影响。结果表明,细辛精油对两者均有一定的抑制作用：对褐斑病菌菌丝生长的抑制效果最好,EC。为312．70Mg／L;对曲霉病菌孢子萌发的抑制效果最好,EC50仅为215．20mg／L。对于同一种病原菌来说,细辛精油对其孢子萌发的抑制效果好于对其菌丝生长的抑制效果。 相似文献
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萃取浓缩沼液对尖孢镰刀菌和腐皮镰孢菌抑制效果的影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究不同有机溶剂萃取浓缩沼液对尖孢镰刀菌(Fusariumoxysporum)和腐皮镰孢菌(Fusariumsolani)抑制效果的影响,该实验采用6种常见的有机溶剂(乙酸乙酯、苯、乙醚、甲苯、环己烷、石油醚)对已经去除80%水分的沼液浓缩液进行萃取后再浓缩,将最终的萃取浓缩物进行抑菌试验。结果显示:6种有机溶剂萃取得到的萃取浓缩物都对尖孢镰刀菌和腐皮镰孢菌有抑制作用,且萃取浓缩物的抑制效果强于浓缩液、原沼液和萃取后剩余浓缩液的抑制效果。该实验可为沼液防治三七根腐病的利用奠定基础和依据。 相似文献
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一、利用植物油清除臭味据美国农业研究局的科学家称,牲畜养殖场的异味可利用薄荷等植物油进行清除。该研究是应美国肉用动物研究中心要求进行的,目的是保护粪便肥料,减少温室气体排放,避免病菌的传播。在室内实验中,每升粪便中加入浊的香芥酚和百里香油就可抑制产生异味的易挥发脂肪酸的发酵,两种油单用的效果也很好。这两种油都是薄荷科植物油,也存在于百里香和其他普通草本植物中。二、拖拉机水陆两用美国西海岸农业机械公司研制出一种水陆两用农用拖拉机,这种拖拉机的发动机和底盘采用铝合金和工程塑料制造,以减少车体自重;四个车轮采用… 相似文献
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以意大利青霉、指状青霉、柑橘链格孢为供试菌种,采用生长速率法对30种中药的乙醇提取物进行离体抑菌试验,并将抑菌效果最好的黄连醇提物用于奥林达夏橙的活体防效和贮藏保鲜试验,结果表明：30种中药醇提取物对3种病原菌菌丝生长产生不同的作用效果,其中黄连抑菌效果最好,达到100%,与咪鲜胺相比无显著差异（P>0.05）,其最小抑菌质量浓度为0.025g/mL;防效试验第10天时,黄连醇提液对3种真菌孢子混合液的防治效果仍高达90.87%,与咪鲜胺处理无显著差异（P>0.05）;保鲜试验进一步表明黄连醇提液能有效降低夏橙果实腐烂和霉变的发生,提高好果率,减少果实中可滴定酸和维生素C损失,与咪鲜胺处理相比,无显著差异（P>0.05）。 相似文献
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以瓜果腐霉(Pythium aphanidermatum),辣椒疫霉(Phytophthora capsici),尖镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporium),茄镰孢菌(Fusarium solani),灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea),禾谷镰孢菌(Fusarium graminearum)6种植物病原真菌为供试菌株,采用菌丝生长法对不同类型沼气池的沼液应用不同方法处理后进行了抑菌活性测定。发现沼液单纯离心、沼液高压灭菌和滤液经细菌滤器过滤除菌对植物病原真菌菌丝生长均具有一定的影响,抑菌效果依次为:离心沼液>过滤除菌沼液>高压灭菌沼液。综合实验结果,认为沼液中的拮抗微生物是沼液抑菌防病的主要因子。 相似文献
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菌核生枝顶孢霉(Acremoniumsclerotigenum)作为枝顶孢属真菌的优势种,其次生代谢产物多样。为了明确其对植物病害致病菌的抑制效果,以桃褐斑致病菌(Alternariaalternata)为靶标菌,采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法测定6种发酵液的抑菌活性。结果表明:PD培养基发酵液提取物对桃褐斑致病菌的抑制效果最好,对菌丝生长和孢子萌发的EC50分别为53.6734mg/L和808.1584mg/L;培养5d的PD培养基发酵液的抑菌效果最好,对菌丝生长和孢子萌发的EC50分别为1.4458mg/L和309.6318mg/L;菌核生枝顶孢霉发酵液对桃褐斑致病菌菌丝生长的抑制效果优于对孢子萌发效果。该研究结果为将其开发成生物源农药奠定了理论基础。 相似文献
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规模化沼气工程沼液中微生物的细菌种群分析与功能初探 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
分别采集了现代牧业集团各地区大型沼气工程的沼液,分析了不同沼液样品中全N,P,K等养分的含量和理化性质,并利用传统微生物学结合分子生物学的方法探究了样品中可培养细菌的数量及种群组成情况,根据BLAST的比对结果,选取并纯化到32株细菌,测定了它们对四种不同病原真菌的拮抗效果.结果表明,各地区沼液样品的pH为6.1～8.7,总养分含量差异较大,含量最高的为来自通山的样品,达15.4％,含量最低的为马鞍山沼液样品仅为0.94.不同沼液样品中的细菌的数量介于105～106 CFU·mL-1之间,且种群丰富,组成差别较大,芽孢杆菌为各地区沼液样品中的主要优势微生物.拮抗实验的结果表明Paenibacillus peoriae对菌棉花枯萎病、菌尖刀镰刀型黄瓜枯萎病菌、小麦纹枯病菌、烟草赤星病菌四种病源真均有较好的拮抗效果,具有作为生防应用菌株的潜力. 相似文献
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对解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)L-H15的促生抗病特性进行了研究,分析了全基因组序列中促生抗病相关基因,并在表型上对菌株形成生物被膜、根际定殖、固氮溶磷解钾、分泌铁载体和植物激素等能力进行测定。结果表明:L-H15具有形成生物被膜的能力,且在根系表面定殖的菌数超过10~5CFU/g,分泌铁载体的相对表达量为60.22%,分泌IAA、CTK和GA含量最多可达到61.35 pmol/L、48.93 ng/m L和82.46 pmol/L,对立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)和尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)的抑菌带直径分别为(8.67±1.15)mm和(2.50±0.50)mm。综上所述,解淀粉芽孢杆菌L-H15具有多重促生抗病能力,在未来实际应用方面具有良好的生防潜力。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
12.
瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
17.
Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
18.
在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献