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1.
贵州毕节地区不同石漠化程度土壤理化性质特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为揭示喀斯特地区不同石漠化程度土壤理化性质特征及其影响机制,以贵州毕节石漠化地区土壤为研究对象,在雨季前、中、后对潜在、轻度、中度、强度石漠化程度的土壤进行了为期4年的监测,分析了不同石漠化程度土壤理化性质及其各项指标之间的相关性特征。结果表明:同一石漠化程度下,土壤有机质、全磷、有效磷、全氮和水解氮含量表现为雨季中雨季后雨季前。随着石漠化程度的加深,土壤田间持水量、毛管持水量、毛管孔隙度和总孔隙度升高,全磷、有效磷和有机质含量减少。与潜在石漠化程度相比,轻度、中度和强度石漠化程度的土壤全氮含量分别增加5.6%,20.9%,26.6%,水解氮含量分别增加3.5%,18.3%,36.2%,全钾含量分别增加15.8%,30%,46.3%,速效钾含量分别增加3.9%,11.3%,16.5%。相关性分析结果显示,土壤有机质、全磷、全氮含量、土壤容重、总孔隙度、毛管持水量之间相关性显著(p0.05),其中土壤有机质含量、全氮含量、容重、总孔隙度间相关性极显著(p0.01)。研究结果为石漠化综合治理工作提供理论与科学依据。 相似文献
2.
明确贵州喀斯特地区不同石漠化等级土壤养分状况,为石漠化防治和生态系统恢复提供参考。收集公开发表的涉及贵州不同石漠化等级土壤养分的研究论文,对有关数据进行整理和分析。研究发现:(1)随石漠化等级增加,土壤容重不断增加,0.001 mm黏粒含量有下降趋势,0.05 mm砂粒含量则有增加趋势,但不同石漠化等级之间黏粒和砂粒含量均无显著差异;(2)土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、速效养分含量均表现为无石漠化(ND)轻度石漠化(LD)中度石漠化(MD)重度石漠化(SD),随石漠化等级增加呈幂函数下降,衰减速度为有机质有效磷碱解氮全氮速效钾全磷,从无石漠化到轻度石漠化演替过程土壤养分下降幅度最大;(3)土壤有机质和全氮与其他土壤理化指标之间极显著相关,且对石漠化地区土壤肥力贡献极大,可作为表征土壤-石漠化关系的敏感性土壤指示因子;(4)不同土地利用方式对石漠化地区土壤养分影响明显,土壤养分高低为林地草地耕地。土壤养分和地表植物群落结构与石漠化演替进程密切相关,贵州喀斯特石漠化地区增加地表覆盖度和开展有机培肥对防止土壤退化和石漠化生态恢复具有重要意义。 相似文献
3.
毛乌素沙地东南缘沙漠化过程中土壤理化性质分析 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
采用空间代替时间的方法,对毛乌素沙地东南缘沙漠化过程中土壤理化性质变化进行了分析.结果表明,沙漠化过程中土壤理化性质呈规律性变化,随沙漠化程度的加剧,土壤黏粒含量、含水量、有机质、有机碳和全氮含量减少,土壤砂粒含量、容重和C/N增加,土壤质量下降;相关性分析结果表明,容重和C/N比与各指标呈负相关关系,其余各指标间呈正相关关系,其中容重与有机质、全氮含量之间以及有机质与全氮含量之间存在极显著相关性,黏粒含量与含水量、容重、有机质和全氮含量之间存在显著相关性,含水量与容重、有机质和全氮含量之间也存在显著相关性,说明沙漠化过程中土壤各组分之间存在着密切的内在联系. 相似文献
4.
旅游干扰对河南云台山风景区土壤质量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《水土保持研究》2015,(4)
以河南云台山风景区为研究对象,测定山顶、山腰、山脚在不同旅游干扰强度下的土壤理化性质、土壤养分和重金属含量,探讨旅游干扰对云台山土壤质量的影响。结果表明:土壤含水量、孔隙度、黏粒和土壤养分含量大小均为背景区缓冲区核心区,土壤容重、pH值大小均为核心区缓冲区背景区,随着旅游干扰强度的增大,土壤含水量和养分含量降低,土壤容重增大,孔隙度和黏粒减小;山顶土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷含量各干扰强度之间差异显著(p0.05),山腰背景区的土壤养分含量与缓冲区差异不显著(p0.05),两者均显著高于核心区(p0.05),山脚背景区的土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、有效磷含量显著高于缓冲区和核心区,缓冲区与核心区差异不显著(p0.05);山顶土壤全铬、全钴、全锰、全锌含量及山腰土壤全铬、全钴、全铁、全锰、全铜含量大小均为核心区缓冲区背景区,其中核心区显著高于背景区与缓冲区(p0.05);山脚核心区土壤中各重金属含量与缓冲区差异不显著(p0.05),两者均显著高于背景区(p0.05);干扰强度与土壤含水量、孔隙度、黏粒、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量呈显著(p0.05)或极显著(p0.01)负相关,与土壤容重、pH值、全铬、全钴、全铁、全锰、全锌、全铜含量呈显著或极显著正相关。 相似文献
5.
尕海洪泛湿地退化过程中土壤理化性质的变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《水土保持学报》2014,(5)
以甘南尕海则岔自然保护区内的未退化、轻度退化、中度退化及重度退化的洪泛湿地为研究对象,采用恢复生态学原理和野外采样与室内分析相结合的方法,研究洪泛湿地退化过程中土壤理化性质的变化特征。结果表明:(1)随着洪泛湿地退化程度的加剧,土壤容重逐渐增加,土壤毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度和通气度均表现为未退化中度退化轻度退化重度退化,土壤非毛管孔隙度为重度退化中度退化未退化轻度退化;与未退化洪泛湿地相比,轻度、中度、重度退化洪泛湿地的平均土壤最小持水量、毛管蓄水量和饱和蓄水量较其分别降低19.20%,47.91%,55.11%;11.24%,5.16%,16.49%;11.61%,1.93%,11.84%,非毛管蓄水量表现为重度退化(431.01t/hm2)中度退化(393.01t/hm2)未退化(303.81t/hm2)轻度退化(255.22t/hm2)。(2)各洪泛湿地的土壤平均速效N、P、K、全量N、P、K和有机质(SOM)向表层聚集明显;与未退化洪泛湿地相比,轻度、中度、重度退化湿地的土壤速效N含量分别降低25.91%,34.40%,37.03%,速效P含量分别降低16.91%,32.96%,40.53%,速效K含量分别降低14.48%,33.96%,41.42%,有机质含量分别降低0.57%,22.01%,22.73%;各湿地的C/N比在17.11~20.69之间,未退化湿地最低;pH变动范围为7.76~7.92,未退化湿地最高。(3)随着湿地退化程度的加剧,容重逐渐增加,孔隙度逐渐减小,持水和蓄水性能逐渐降低,养分含量逐渐减少,土壤环境趋于恶化。 相似文献
6.
《农业研究与应用》2015,(4)
对广西南丹县山口林场4种秃杉幼林间作模式(秃杉—旱谷、秃杉—小米、秃杉—玉米和秃杉纯林)的土壤理化性质进行了研究。结果表明:秃杉幼林不同间作模式土壤物理性质存在差异,其中秃杉—旱谷、秃杉—小米、秃杉—玉米和秃杉纯林0~20 cm土层容重分别为0.93、0.97、0.95和0.98 g/cm3、毛管孔隙度分别为56.79、54.70、54.89和57.07 g/cm3,非毛管孔隙度分别为7.16、6.58、7.38和6.25 g/cm3。与秃杉纯林相比,3种间种模式土壤有机质、全N、水解N、全P和速效P含量均呈现增大趋势。表明秃杉幼林间种农作物能够改善土壤结构和水分状况,提高土壤有机质和主要养分含量。 相似文献
7.
[目的]分析3种不同草地退化阶段(轻度退化,中度退化和重度退化)草地植被和土壤理化特性的变化规律,为类似区域退化草地植被恢复提供有效途径。[方法]野外植被调查、土壤取样和室内分析。[结果]草地退化不同阶段草地植物群落组成和物种多样性均有差异,退化对草地土壤理化特性有明显影响。重度退化草地土壤容重显著高于轻度退化草地(p0.05)。轻度和中度退化样地0—10cm土壤空隙度显著高于重度退化草地。重度退化草地的土壤有机质、全碳、全钾、全磷和有效钾均明显小于轻度退化草地(p0.05),但土壤pH值和有效氮含量没有显著变化。[结论]高山草地退化演替对该区土壤物理特性具有显著影响。 相似文献
8.
土地利用方式对桂西北石漠化地区土壤理化性质的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在广西壮族自治区凌云县典型石漠化地区对7种不同土地利用方式土壤理化性质进行了调查分析.结果表明,不同土地利用方式对土壤容重、含水量、总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度存在极显著差异(p＜0.01),有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾及交换性Ca2+含量差异极显著(p＜0.01).相对阔叶林地土壤,灌木林、针叶林、退耕台地、草地、退耕坡地、农田土壤的退化程度依次增加.农田土壤质量最低,针叶林地、草地、退耕坡地、退耕台地土壤质量为中等,灌木林地与阔叶林地土壤质量较高.人为干扰是影响土壤理化性质的主导因素,干扰强度大,土壤理化性质退化严重.控制不合理的人为干扰及恢复结构良好的地上植被对改善土壤质量具有重要意义. 相似文献
9.
天山南坡台兰河上游草地土壤理化性质与海拔的关系研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
通过野外调查、土样采集及室内分析,对托木尔峰自然保护区台兰河上游河谷不同海拔草地表层土壤理化性质进行研究。结果表明:(1)研究区样地土壤含水量、饱和含水率、容重、非毛管孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度的范围分别为9.04%~44.7%,41.39%~114.9%,1.02~1.44 g cm~(-3),4.03%~7.45%,47.48%~58.53%,51.51%~65.85%,土壤含水量、饱和含水率、非毛管孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度随海拔上升而呈增加趋势;土壤容重则随海拔高度的增加而呈降低趋势。(2)草地表层土壤平均有机质含量、全N含量、全P含量、C/N、土壤p H的范围分别在3.64%~9.22%、0.23%~0.53%、0.13%~0.15%、9.00~14.10、7.91~8.20之间有机质含量、全N含量的最大值分别约为最小值的2.5倍和2.3倍;有机质含量、全N含量、全P含量、C/N的大小均随海拔高度增加而趋于增大;土壤p H则随海拔上升不断降低。台兰河上游河谷草地表层土壤理化性质受海拔高度这一重要环境因子的影响深远且规律性显著。 相似文献
10.
以阳山县江英镇为例,通过典型样地调查和取样分析,研究了粤北典型岩溶区石漠化过程中植被退化对土壤有机质及养分含量的影响。结果表明:(1)随着石漠化程度的加深,石灰岩植被的生境向旱生化和岩生化发展,植物群落结构越来越趋于简单。(2)石漠化过程与土壤养分状况有密切关系,随着土地石漠化的发展,土壤有机质、全N,以及碱解N、有效P、速效K含量呈现出显著下降趋势,土壤逐步贫瘠化。(3)土壤有机质和养分含量下降与植被退化形成正反馈关系,并具有退化方向的一致性和退化过程的同步性。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
13.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
14.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
17.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
18.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
19.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
20.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献