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为了解冬季新疆乌鲁木齐市活禽市场交易禽类及市场外环境中禽流感病毒污染情况及其流行规律,对某交易市场内的鸡、鸭、鹅、鸽等活禽,采集85份活禽全血样本和143份棉拭子样本(103份活禽泄殖腔/咽喉棉拭子、40份环境棉拭子),分别采用血清学和实时荧光定量(rRT-PCR)方法,检测禽流感免疫抗体和禽流感病毒核酸,并对核酸阳性样品进行病毒亚型确定。结果显示:85份全血样本中,H5(Re-11)株免疫抗体合格32份,合格率为37.6%;H5(Re-12)株免疫抗体合格34份,合格率为40%;H7(Re-2)株免疫抗体合格46份,合格率为54.2%。143份棉拭子样本中,禽流感病毒核酸阳性36份,阳性率为25.17%。其中:活禽棉拭子阳性29份,阳性率为28.15%;交易区外环境棉拭子阳性7份,阳性率为17.5%。36份禽流感病毒核酸阳性样本中,H5亚型3份,阳性率为8.33%;H9亚型22份,阳性率为61.11%;未定型11份,阳性率为30.56%。结果表明:该市场交易活禽流感病毒感染率较高,且强制免疫的H5、H7亚型禽流感免疫抗体合格率较低,存在疫情发生和散播风险。结果提示,应加强活禽交易市场的消毒与管理,降低禽流感病毒通过活禽交易市场传播的风险。 相似文献
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[目的 ]了解广州市活禽批发市场禽流感病毒的污染情况,为广州市制定有针对性的防控措施提供技术支持。[方法 ]2015年2月—2016年1月,按照随机抽样原则,对广州市2个活禽批发市场进行调查,每月采集1次棉拭子样品(共3 090份),并对所采集的样品进行禽流感病毒荧光RT-PCR检测。[结果 ]在该期间内,2个活禽批发市场的样品禽流感总阳性率为52.50%(1 625/3 090);禽流感病毒检出阳性率较高的月份是4月和9—12月,较低的是6—8月;水禽的禽流感感染风险是鸡的1.6倍,环境中存在禽流感病毒的风险是鸡的1.39倍;各月份中,1月、3月、11月和12月环境样品的禽流感病毒阳性率显著高于家禽样品(P0.01),而6月份家禽样品的禽流感病毒阳性率显著高于环境样品(P0.01);来自广东省内(广州市除外)的活禽样品禽流感病毒阳性率最高,为49.31%,来自外省市的禽流感通用型阳性率最低,为31.43%(P0.01)。[结论 ]调查发现,广州市活禽批发市场的禽流感高发期为春夏及秋冬交替季节;活禽批发市场中的水禽和批发市场环境是禽流感病毒流行的关键危险因素。调查结果提示,今后要加强春夏和秋冬交替季节的禽流感防控工作,加强对批发市场水禽的禽流感防控和批发市场环境的清洗、消毒,以切实降低活禽批发市场的禽流感污染水平。 相似文献
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为评价广州市家禽"集中屠宰、冷链配送、生鲜上市"的实施效果,为下一步调整禽流感综合防控措施提出科学依据,2016年3—4月对广州市限制活禽销售区域和非限制活禽销售区域内的各11个农贸市场进行调查研究。调查共采集496份市场内、外环境棉拭子进行A型和H9亚型流感病毒荧光RT-PCR检测。结果发现:限售区与非限售区农贸市场环境样品的A型流感病毒阳性率分别为81.06%和89.22%,差异显著(p0.05);H9亚型流感病毒的阳性率分别为25.55%和43.12%,差异极显著(p0.01);外环境样品中,限制区的地面擦拭标本禽流感阳性率为54.55%,而非限制区的阳性率则高达100%,差异显著(p0.05);内环境样品中的污水和档口地面两个采样点样品的H9亚型病毒阳性率在限制区和非限制区之间差异显著(p0.05)。本次调查结果显示,广州市采取的"限制活禽交易、生鲜上市"措施,对于禽流感防控起到了一定的积极作用,但仍存在一些不足需要改善,建议严格实施集中屠宰、冷链配送等措施。 相似文献
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为监测天门市活禽调运禽流感免疫情况和病毒的分布状况,对该市辖区2018年8月至12月调运送检的禽类养殖场样品,采用血凝抑制试验检测禽流感H7亚型、普通PCR技术检测禽流感通用型及H5、H7亚型,并进行统计学分析。结果共检测1830份血清和对应的禽拭子,样品来源于61个养殖场,禽流感H7亚型免疫阳性率按禽种类分类分别是种鹅100%、蛋鸡90.52%、蛋鸭33.00%;禽流感通用型及H5、H7亚型的病毒核酸阳性率分别为0.18%、0.00%、0.00%。表明该市活禽调运中,水禽禽流感H7N9的免疫抗体群体合格率低,有禽流感通用型病毒存在。加强水禽调运前免疫、运输车辆消毒及宣教工作是预防和控制H7N9禽流感在流通环节发生的有效手段。该结果为及时发现疫情隐患和防控薄弱环节提供了指导依据。 相似文献
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彭聪 彭南秀 段晓冬 沈丹 杨穗娟 陈耀棠 谭海 薛红 张桢 肖杰 张海冰 郑丽兰 钟锦辉 黄森 朱家辉 林鸿 胡永辉 殷实 邓小敏 曾佳臻 邝惠仪 杨秋菲 陈裕 朱建翠 蓝国文 张海明 《中国动物检疫》2016,33(8):3-7
[目的 ]了解目前广州市活禽交易市场每月休市一次(天)的实施效果,给人感染H7N9等流感病毒的科学防控提供技术依据。[方法 ]2015年3月,选择广州市某区1个活禽批发市场和2个活禽零售市场,分别于休市前、休市中,以及休市后的1、2、3、4、5、7、14、21和28天,采集市场内环境棉拭子和活禽口咽/泄殖腔棉拭子,共2 470份,进行通用型禽流感病毒荧光RT-PCR检测。[结果 ]研究发现,休市前、中、后各检测时点,环境样品中禽流感病毒阳性率分别为17.78%、10.00%、5.19%、29.63%、21.48%、22.96%、22.22%、45.93%、40.74%、47.41%和25.19%。虽然活禽交易市场在休市后禽流感病毒有非常明显的减少,但是阳性率在休市后第二天就开始显著升高,而且环境样品中病毒阳性率与活禽样品中病毒阳性率呈明显的统计学相关性(Pearson相关系数为0.82)。[结论 ]本研究是国内首次活禽交易市场(包括活禽批发市场和活禽零售市场)每月一次(天)休市效果的队列研究。研究显示,每月一次(天)的休市能迅速减少活禽交易市场内禽流感病毒的污染,但是随着市场的重新开放,感染禽流感病毒活禽的重新进入,市场内禽流感病毒阳性率再次迅速升高。推测仅仅依靠每月一次(天)的休市措施,无法从根本上降低本地区活禽交易市场内禽流感病毒的污染程度以及人感染禽流感的风险,需进一步调整防控策略,采取综合的防控措施。 相似文献
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为了解华东地区某市活禽市场中禽流感病毒的污染状况,2014—2016年对该市活禽市场的家禽进行了禽流感流行病学调查。结果显示:该市活禽市场禽流感病毒污染面较广,94.12%的市场存在禽流感病毒污染;H9N2亚型病毒感染率较高,样品总体阳性率为22.66%,场点总阳性率为94.12%;H7N9亚型病毒感染率经历了一个升降过程,2015年上半年达到高峰,之后显著降低;农贸市场中的H7N9亚型病毒分离率显著高于批发市场。本次调查未在活禽市场中检出H5亚型高致病性禽流感病毒。这些数据为深入了解活禽市场中禽流感病毒的污染状况和该病防控措施的制定提供了技术支持。 相似文献
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为了解云南省玉溪市活禽交易市场禽流感病毒污染情况,2021年对该市8个县（市、区）活禽市场进行采样检测。全年共采集63场次1 455份棉拭子样品（禽咽喉/泄殖腔双拭子860份、环境拭子317份、运输工具拭子278份）,采用荧光RT-PCR方法进行流感病毒A型、H5/H7/H9亚型流感病毒核酸检测。共检出A型流感病毒核酸阳性435份,未检测到H5和H7亚型病毒核酸阳性;除检出7份未分型阳性样品外,在44场次检出H9亚型病毒核酸阳性428份,场次阳性率为69.84%,样品阳性率为29.42%,其中活禽、环境、运输工具样品阳性率分别为32.56%、25.87%、23.74%,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。一年四季均能检测到H9亚型病毒阳性,但3—6月份样品阳性率低于年均阳性率,1、2、7、10、12月样品阳性率明显高于其他月份,各月份间样品阳性率差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。各县（市、区）的场次阳性率存在差异（P＜0.05）,但样品阳性率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结果表明：玉溪市活禽市场H5、H7亚型高致病性禽流感病毒的污染状况得到有效控制,但H9亚型禽流感病毒污染面依然广,污染率较高;不同月份间阳性率差异明显,但季节性差异缩小。结果提示,应继续加强活禽市场H9亚型禽流感病毒污染监测,同时强化活禽市场的检疫监管,严格执行消毒和休市制度,防止活禽市场禽流感病毒传入养殖环节。 相似文献
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《畜牧与兽医》2015,(10):13-17
为了解目前我国活禽市场H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(avian influenza virus,AIV)流行和增殖情况,2014年在上海、江苏、安徽和广东随机选取58个活禽市场,采集12 635份活禽拭子样品进行病毒分离、RT-PCR和序列测定分析。结果:15.11%拭子样品和98.28%的活禽市场是H9N2亚型AIV阳性。鸡、鸭、鹅、鸽样品阳性率分别为22.98%(1730/7529)、3.62%(94/2594)、4.08%(67/1643)、2.09%(18/861);上海、江苏、安徽和广东的样品阳性率分别为24.11%(688/2853)、8.43%(284/3368)、15.27%(475/3110)、13.95%(461/3304)。活禽零售市场阳性率(34.40%)显著高于活禽批发市场感染率(12.24%)。随着家禽在批发市场内停留时间的延长,H9N2亚型AIV阳性率从11.45%(停留8 h内)上升到29.13%(停留48 h以上)。遗传进化分析表明:所检出的H9N2亚型AIV均属于2007年以来我国H9亚型AIV主要流行分支,即h9.4.2.5分支。这些流行病学调查结果提示我国长三角和珠三角活禽市场的家禽(尤其是鸡)H9N2亚型AIV感染率很高,并且随着活禽在批发市场内停留时间延长,以及向零售市场转移,H9N2亚型AIV存在一个显著增殖和扩散的过程。 相似文献
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为了解湖南省家禽(鸡、鸭、鹅)H7N9亚型禽流感的免疫抗体水平及其流行情况,2022年在全省14个市州,采用配额抽样方法,在种禽场、商品代场、散养户和活禽市场共采集46 112份禽血清和53 246份禽拭子样品,通过血凝抑制试验、荧光定量PCR方法分别进行免疫抗体和病毒核酸检测。结果显示:H7N9亚型禽流感免疫抗体平均场群合格率为93.27%,平均个体合格率为90.60%,仅在活禽市场的1份鸡拭子样品中检测到病毒核酸阳性;鸡H7N9亚型禽流感免疫抗体平均场群合格率和个体合格率(94.66%和91.51%)均高于水禽(83.26%和81.86%);种禽场的免疫抗体平均场群合格率和个体合格率最高,活禽市场最低,两者差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05);全省14个市州的H7N9亚型禽流感免疫抗体平均场群合格率和个体合格率均在70%以上。结果表明:2022年湖南省家禽H7N9亚型禽流感免疫效果较好,在饲养场禽群中也未检出病原,发生大规模疫情的风险较低,但在活禽市场中仍检出病原,且水禽以及散养户和活禽市场禽群的免疫抗体水平略低,疫情散发风险依然存在。建议进一步加强对H7N9亚型禽流感的免疫... 相似文献
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Owen J Slocombe D McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1986,27(9):324-328
In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).
Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.
相似文献12.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1989,30(6):504-508
In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%). 相似文献
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Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1985,26(10):323-327
In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.
Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.
相似文献14.
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Slocombe JO Villeneuve A 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1993,34(10):630-633
In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium. 相似文献
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In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.
Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.
相似文献17.
Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1988,29(8):641-646
In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%). 相似文献
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Owen J Slocombe D McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1987,28(8):491-495
In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).
Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.
相似文献19.
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Slocombe JO McMillan I 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1984,25(9):347-350
In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.
Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.
相似文献