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进境美国苜蓿草中苜蓿黄萎病菌的检疫鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从一批进境的美国苜蓿草样品中分离得到了一株与苜蓿黄萎病菌(Verticillium albo-atrum)相似的分离物M1。该分离物原始菌落为白色,边缘规则呈圆形,菌丝较致密,气生菌丝较少,苜蓿组织块不被菌丝覆盖,菌落生长速度为小于2.5 mm/d;M1在PDA上进行纯培养,前6d内,菌落为白色圆形,容易产生分子孢子轮枝状分生孢子梗,7d后菌落中央表面因产生休眠菌丝开始变成黑褐色至黑色,20d后菌落的表面和背面大部分均变黑色,仍不产生微菌核和厚垣孢子。M1的DNA用V.albo-atrum特异引物Vaa1/Vaa2进行检测,PCR扩增后得到预期330 bp的产物片段,产物序列与V.albo-atrum相应序列的相似性为100%。该分离物接种苜蓿草根部,15d后引起苜蓿黄萎病的典型症状。根据分离物的形态特征、PCR检测结果、PCR产物序列分析,以及致病性测定结果,将进境美国苜蓿草样品中的分离物M1鉴定为苜蓿黄萎病菌。 相似文献
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棉花枯、黄萎病混生病株鉴别方法的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据棉花枯、黄萎病菌在同一选择性培养基平面上能各自形成特征性菌落的特性,提出用水洋菜培养基(使用前每升培养基加入100毫克链霉素)和 L-山梨糖+蛋白胨培养基(KNO_3 2克,KH_2PO_4 1克,MgSO_4·7H_2O0.5克,FeCl_3微量,L-山梨糖16克,蛋白胨5克,洋菜16克,蒸馏水1000毫升)上培养两次的再培养法鉴别棉花枯、黄萎混生病株。供检病株经表面消毒,于水洋菜培养基上培养(24～26℃)5～7天,待病组织长出白色菌丝体后,移入灭菌试管,加无菌水10～15毫升摇荡。吸取该液0.2毫升均匀地涂抹到 L-山梨糖+蛋白胨培养基上,再培养5～7天。枯萎病株的分离物形成大量近圆形的白色小菌落,表面致密呈绒状,具有不匀而呈浅波状的边沿,气生菌丝白色茂盛,可纠集成束,似羊毛状。黄萎病株的分离物形成大量黑色小菌落,呈瘤状或斑点状突起,表面皱缩,具大量微菌核,气生菌丝极其稀疏,上面可见轮状着生的分生孢子梗。混生病株的分离物则产生大量分别具有上述特征的白色枯萎菌落和黑色黄萎菌落。 相似文献
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辣木枝枯病病原菌鉴定及其生物学特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确海南省辣木枝枯病病原菌及其生物学特性,采用组织分离法获得菌株MO157,通过柯赫氏法则、形态学特征及分子生物学技术对该菌株进行鉴定,并测定了其菌丝生长的最佳条件。结果表明,菌株MO157回接10 d后,辣木茎干表面周围呈黄褐色,随后发病部位表现出水渍状病斑,与自然发病辣木的病状相符;菌落近圆形,菌丝初期呈白色绒毛状,后期呈浅黄色,分生孢子顶胞钩状,3~5个隔膜,厚垣孢子呈球形,在菌丝间串生;菌株MO157的ITS序列与Gen Bank中木贼镰刀菌Fusarium equiseti的相似性为100%,结合形态特征与分子鉴定最终将其确定为木贼镰刀菌(Gen Bank登陆号:KX197955)。该菌菌丝生长适宜温度25~30℃,最适温度28℃;pH 6~8时菌丝生长速率增快,pH 7时最适菌丝生长;PDA培养基和PSA培养基最适合该菌生长,以蔗糖为碳源时利用率最高;以牛肉浸膏为氮源时利用率最高;该菌致死温度为65℃,10 min;光照对菌丝生长影响较小,不同处理间菌落直径无显著差异。 相似文献
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两种轮枝菌对15种豆科牧草的致病性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
室内人工接种测定了两种轮枝菌3个菌株对15种豆科牧草的致病性,一个菌株是来自加拿大感病苜蓿上的Verticillium albo-atrum(Vaa),两个V.dahliae菌株中,Vd来自加拿大感病的马铃薯,CVd来自中国的沙打旺。两次试验结果表明,3个菌株对15种豆科牧草表现了不同程度的致病力。沙打旺、鹰嘴黄芪、紫花苜蓿、百脉根、埃及三叶草对3个菌株均感病,每次试验病株率都在50%以上。箭叶三叶草表现中等抗病,而白花草木樨、毛荚野豌豆、长柔毛野豌豆、波斯三叶草、杂三叶草、红三叶草和白三叶草等7种对3个菌株都表现抗病。红豆草对Vaa和CVd两个菌株感病,但抗Vd。山黛豆感染CVd,但抗Vaa和Vd。 相似文献
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从进境美国苜蓿干草中发现带有褐色至黑色斑点的苜蓿草茎杆,经保湿培养,在病部表面形成分生孢子器,球形或近球形,褐色至黑色,孔口边缘着生刚毛。分生孢子透明,光滑,单细胞,近圆柱形至卵圆形。在PDA上,菌落初为黄褐色,后转为橄榄绿色,气生菌丝体稀疏,边缘不规则,表面呈绒状,有褶皱,背面呈橄榄绿色。培养5 d后开始产生分生孢子器。培养过程中有厚垣孢子产生和微循环产孢现象,菌丝束浅棕色。Blast分析表明,从分离物基因组中扩增到的ITS基因与Gen Bank中已知的帚状刺壳霉(Chaetopyrena penicillata(Fuckel)Hhn.1918)菌株的ITS序列同源性达99%~100%,基于ITS基因序列的系统发育分析显示分离物与帚状刺壳霉(C.penicillata)聚在同一簇。综合形态学特征、培养性状及ITS序列分析,将分离物鉴定为帚状刺壳霉(Chaetopyrena penicillata(Fuckel)Hhn.1918),此为我国口岸首次截获。迄今为止,除伊朗和南非外,世界其他国家和地区尚未有该病菌在苜蓿草上发生为害的报道。 相似文献
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禾谷镰刀菌菌落角变的观察 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
引起小麦赤霉病的禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum Schw.)在PDA平板上可产生菌落角变。角变菌落有扇形、半月形及放射形等多种,角变率为4.3-11.4%,平均8.1%,扇形的角变菌落特征一般为深苋红色,气生菌丝很少或没有。经连续移植后,角变菌落也不稳定,并较亲本菌落生长速度慢,分生孢子和子囊壳产生能力下降或丧失,对小麦寄主的致病力减弱。在连续移植过程中,角变菌株陆续恢复为亲本性状。 相似文献
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检疫性轮枝菌及其近似种的鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae)和黑白轮枝菌（V. albo-atrum）在世界范围内引起多种作物的黄萎病,属于我国重要进境植物检疫对象。本研究对采自我国部分地区和CBS保存的多种植物病原性轮枝菌,包括黑白轮枝菌、大丽轮枝菌及其变种大丽轮枝菌长孢变种(V. dahliae var. longisporum)、三体轮枝菌(V. tricorpus)、变黑轮枝菌(V. nigrescens)和云状轮枝菌(V. nubilum),采用生物学特性观察,结合rDNA-ITS序列分析的方法,进行了比较和分析。结果表明：不同种类轮枝菌在休眠结构形态上具有一定差异,部分菌株不产生任何休眠结构。各供试菌株在15～25℃范围内均可生长,但黑白轮枝菌在30℃下生长受到强烈抑制,而其他菌株受影响较小。对供试菌株rDNA-ITS序列分析结果表明植物病原性轮枝菌可聚为9个分支,包括三体轮枝菌、变黑轮枝菌、云状轮枝菌、V. theobromae、大丽轮枝菌、大丽轮枝菌长孢变种和3个不同的黑白轮枝菌分支,黑白轮枝菌、大丽轮枝菌及其长孢变种亲缘关系较近。采用生物学性状结合rDNA-ITS序列分析能够更加有效地将两种检疫性轮枝菌从其他植物病原性轮枝菌中区分出来。 相似文献
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为了筛选小麦光腥黑粉菌转化子最适培养基, 以提高小麦光腥黑粉菌转化子生长速度, 选取了3个菌落形态不同的转化子(ZHZ-1, ZHZ-2, ZHZ-3)进行培养试验?用6 mm打孔器打取菌饼, 将菌饼置于9种培养基上16℃避光培养?观察?测量小麦光腥黑粉菌转化子的菌丝生长情况?菌落直径等主要指标, 结果表明, 9种培养基中, 3种转化子都是在完全培养基(complete medium, CM)上生长状况最好, 菌丝生长速度最快?ZHZ-1转化子在CM培养基上菌落圆形, 有褶皱, 产生大量白色菌丝, 生长速度快?ZHZ-2转化子菌落圆形, 产生大量白色菌丝, 生长速度快?ZHZ-3转化子菌落云纹状, 有褶皱, 产生大量白色菌丝, 生长速度快? 相似文献
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The phenology of Verticillium albo-atrum ( Vaa) sporulation on infected tissues and the presence of Vaa in the air were investigated in alfalfa fields affected by verticillium wilt (VW) during the 1983/84 growing season. Few and scattered Verticillium conidiophores developed on stubble by the end of May, but abundant Verticillium sporulation was found on necrotic leaflets and petioles by the beginning of June at the first appearance of symptoms. Abundant conidiophores developed also on necrotic stems and leaf tissues sampled later. Sporulation was never found on entirely green stems. Concentration of airborne colony-forming units (cfu) of Vaa ranged from 0.0 to 15.3 cfu/m3 above fields with a VW incidence of 2.2-33.0% in June and August, and from 5.9-25.9 cfu/m3 during mowing of the crop in August. The ratio of Vaa to other airborne fungi above sampled fields was less than 5 x 10-3 , Airborne fungi were even more abundant at the time of mowing. Our results suggest that airborne V. albo-atrum may not play an important role in the epidemiology of VW of alfalfa. 相似文献
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洛阳自古便是著名的牡丹之乡,其牡丹栽培始于隋,鼎盛于唐,宋时甲于天下。据统计,洛阳共有牡丹品种1 000多个,占全国的67.25 ％,已成为中国乃至世界牡丹的栽培中心之一 相似文献
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2005年夏季,在甘肃省中部的半干旱种植区的一块甜瓜品种试验田中,一些甜瓜植株在收获前2周突然凋萎,从病根上分离得到3株生长速度快的高温型子囊菌,对其中2个菌株进行了形态特征、生物学特性及致病性研究,根据其独特的、每个子囊内仅产生一个黑色子囊孢子的主要形态特征和对甜瓜及西瓜的致病性,将其鉴定为Monosporascus cannonballus PollackUecker。这是该菌在我国大陆的首次报道。 相似文献
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灰枣红点软腐病病原菌的鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The damage and symptoms of jujube fruit soft rot in Xinzheng, Henan Province, were investigated from 2006 to 2008, and the pathogen was identified based on the morphological characteristics and the ITS se-quence of ribosome DNA. The results showed that the aerial mycelium of colony was white in color in the first four days, then turned gray after incubation on PDA for 5-6 d at 25℃ and became black two weeks later. The mycelia grew luxuriantly with velvet character. The pycnidium was flask-shaped with a height of 196.9μm and a width of 213.3μm on the avereage. The conidium was colorless with single cell and had the shape of spindle, its size was (15.0-20.0)μm× (4.5-6.5)μm. The conidiophore was fastigiate. The homology of ITS sequence of ribosome DNA between the tested strain NXK and Botryosphaeria dothidea (GenBank ac-cession number:AJ938005) reached 99.87%, with a difference of only two base pairs. Based on the results of both morphological characters and molecular identification, the pathogen of jujube fruit soft rot in Xinzheng was identified as B. dothidea (Moug. ex Fr.) Ces. et de Not.. 相似文献
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陕西苹果树腐烂病菌(Cytospora spp.)不同分离株的生物学特性与致病性研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
本研究从陕西分离得到61株苹果树腐烂病菌(Cytospora spp.),选取在PDA培养基上菌落特征差异明显的7个分离株,对其生物学特性及致病性进行研究。结果表明:各分离株在PDA、PSA、PMA和PEMA培养基上菌落生长较好,但在PDA上的菌落颜色和产孢情况差异很大。各分离株均能在5~32℃生长,但对35℃以上高温的适应性差异较大;所有分离株均能在pH4~9的条件下生长,最适pH为5~6;光照对各分离株的菌落生长有明显的促进作用。各分离株均可在Cza-pek培养基及供试的其它碳、氮源培养基上生长,其中以葡萄糖、麦芽糖和酵母膏为最佳碳、氮源。采用烫伤接种的方法,分别以菌饼和分生孢子悬浮液接种苹果离体枝条,两者均可侵染发病,但各分离株致病力差异显著,其中菌落颜色为黄褐色的菌株致病性强。因此,根据菌落颜色、致病性和生物学特性可将这7个分离株划分为3个类群:Ⅰ型为黄褐色强致病类群,但各分离株的产孢量有差异;Ⅱ型为乳白色不产孢的弱致病类群;Ⅲ型为灰褐色易产孢弱致病类群。其余54株分离物均属于Ⅰ型,这些结果说明陕西省苹果树腐烂病菌具有多样性和致病性分化现象。 相似文献
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To identify the pathogen causing black spot disease of Saxifraga stolonifera (L.) Meerb. in the base of Chinese medicinal material (Niudachang Town, Shibing County, Guizhou), we took tissue separation method and tested its pathogenicity according to the Koch's rule. Combined with morphology and multi-gene (ITS, LSU, RPB2) phylogenetic analysis, we identified Hu42 colony as the pathogen causing the disease. Hu42 colony exhibited highly similar as Leptosphaerulina fungus with an appearance of nearly round, gray-black on the front, light brown on the edge, black on the back, its mycelium was light brown with septal branches and did not produce ascus or ascospores. Based on the phylogenetic tree constructed by multiple genes, the strain was clustered together with Leptosphaerulina americana strain at a support rate of 88%. It was identified as L. americana based on the morphological characteristics and the molecular biology. Moreover, we found that the suitable cultivation conditions of Hu42 are 25℃-28℃, 12 h alternating light and dark, the pH at 6-7, soluble starch and yeast extract powder as the carbon and nitrogen sources, and PDA, PSA or beef extract peptone as medium. This study is the first report on black spot disease caused by L. americana on S. stolonifera (L.) Meerb. 相似文献
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N. F. CREIGHTON 《Plant pathology》1989,38(4):484-493
W-type isolates of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides grown on a maize-based agar and exposed to near- ultra-violet radiation at c . 13°C produced a greenish black colour, whilst R-type isolates produced a pink or pale brown colour in the agar medium. More colonies from directly plated lesions or from spore suspensions could be recognized as P. herpotrichoides and could be more easily differentiated as W-type or R-type or as mixtures of both by colour production on maize agar (MA) than by colony morphology on potato dextrose agar (PDA), despite the presence of other fungi. Isolates with intermediate morphology on PDA were positively identified as W-type or R-type on MA; their pathogenicities to wheat and rye seedlings were usually similar to those of W-type or R-type isolates with typical colony morphology, confirming their identification on MA. Drops of mixed suspensions of W-type and R-type spores on PDA formed fast-growing colonies with smooth margins which sometimes had slow-growing sectors with feathery margins. Drops of the same mixtures on MA formed greenish black colonies which sometimes had pink or pale brown sectors. However, when these mixtures were spread onto MA, W-type and R-type colonies could easily be differentiated by colour. 相似文献
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一株生防内生真菌的分离筛选、鉴定及抑菌特性 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
为获取优良植物病害生防菌,以交链孢菌Alternaria tenuis Ness和尖镰孢菌Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht为指示菌,采用平板对峙培养法、抑菌圈法和菌落直径法对健康龙柏鳞叶小枝中分离的4株优势内生真菌进行了筛选评价,并结合形态学观察及ITS序列分析对筛选出的生防内生真菌进行了鉴定。结果表明,对峙培养发现1菌株对交链孢菌和尖镰孢菌均具有较好的抑制作用,抑菌率分别为52.05%和48.65%,标记其为LB-1;LB-1菌株与指示菌对峙培养的菌落交界面处,2种指示菌的菌丝均出现了消解、断裂,而LB-1的菌丝则生长正常。未灭菌LB-1菌株发酵液对交链孢菌和尖镰孢菌产生的抑菌圈直径分别为14.1 mm和13.7 mm,抑菌率分别为47.89%和48.72%;灭菌LB-1菌株发酵液对交链孢菌和尖镰孢菌的抑菌圈直径分别为15.3 mm和15.0 mm,抑菌率分别为5.96%和33.90%,指示菌在生长过程中菌丝溶解现象明显。经鉴定,LB-1菌株为毛壳菌属Chaetomium中的近缘毛壳菌C.subaffine,是一种极具生防潜力的内生真菌,其抑菌特性可能通过溶菌作用实现。 相似文献