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城市森林建设是生态城市发展的重要内容。城市森林是指在城市地域内,以树木为主体的植被及其所处人文自然环境所构成的森林生态系统,它是城市生态系统的一个重要组成部分。
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通过对武汉城市森林发展因素的综合分析,研究了武汉城市森林发展总体布局和建设重点。在城市森林建设理念上,根据武汉自然环境特点,确立了"水乡林城,生态武汉"的建设理念。在空间布局上,分析武汉地貌特征、森林资源分布现状、城市发展趋势,提出了"二轴二带,三环六楔,多廊多核"的城乡一体森林建设总体布局,并按照城市森林的建设圈层结构,将武汉城市森林建设划分为低山丘陵生态圈、平原湿地产业圈和城近郊区景观圈三个生态圈层,对每个圈层建设进行了具体布局规划。同时,根据城市森林的建设内容,从"生态林、文化林、产业林"3个方面提出了建设重点。
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通过对厦门城市森林的综合分析,研究了厦门建设海湾型森林城市的总体布局。根据厦门城市特点和城市发展对城市林业的多种需求,提出了"海西森林城市,温馨宜居厦门"的理念;在城市森林发展结构布局上,根据国家林业发展战略和厦门城市森林多功能特点,提出"生态林、文化林、产业林"统筹兼顾的"三林体系"建设思路;在空间布局上,根据厦门地貌特征、森林资源分布现状、新特区发展趋势,提出了"一心两带五湾多点"的城乡一体化城市森林建设空间格局,分析了不同区块的综合特征,提出了具体的发展对策。
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采用抽样调查的方法,对济南市的6个主要公园黄河森林公园、千佛山公园、环城公园、大明湖公园、五龙潭公园、趵突泉公园的树木进行调查。通过树种数、树种丰富度、树种多样性、树种均匀度4个指标对济南市各公园的树种组成结构进行分析,同时通过上述6个公园的树木总数、树木种类和胸径分布关系对公园树木结构特征进行分析。结果表明,大明湖公园的树种数最多,趵突泉公园的树种丰富度最大,千佛山公园的树种丰富程度最高,黄河森林公园树种最均匀。国槐(Sophora japonica)出现比例最高,占全部树木的10.69%。前20位树种总数占全部树木的75.06%,树木的数量构成具有明显的聚集性,出现少数树种主导整个群落的现象。从树木株数随胸径的分布看,同天然林存在差异,表现为近似的抛物线状。从不同胸径等级树种数分布上看,小径级的树种数多,大径级的树种数少,反映出济南市城市公园树种丰富度不断增加的趋势。
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无锡市城市森林建设的实践与探索 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
城市森林对维持城市生态、经济、社会的良性运行起着核心作用,是整个城市机体的重要组成部分,建设城市森林已成为生态城市建设的全新发展理念;文章对无锡市城市森林建设的现状与成效进行了综述,同时提出无锡市城市森林建设的对策与措施。
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Status of urban vegetation in Guangzhou City 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
GUANDong-sheng CHENYu-juan 《林业研究》2003,14(3):249-252
According to a survey for the urban vegetation of Guangzhou, urban vegetation has a significantly difference from natural vegetation because of intense human impacts. The research was conducted in a synthetic survey for soil, species diversity, roadside trees and ecological function of urban vegetation in Guangzhou City. The results showed that: (1) soil densities of urban roadside and park forests were higher than mean density of natural forest soil. The pH values of soil in urban roadside were higher too, and the content of organic matter and the concentration of nitrogen were lower. (2) Species diversity of urban vegetation was lower. The most number of species was only 16 species in tree layers of urban forest. (3) Tree growth was limited by narrow space in high-density urban area, where the trees with defects and disorders were common. (4) Comparing with mature natural forests, the productivity of urban vegetation was lower. The effect of urban vegetation on balance of carbon and oxygen were influenced by the low primary production of urban vegetation. Therefore, the growth condition for urban vegetation should be improved. Biodiversity, primary production and ecological function should be increased for urban vecletation in order to improve urban eco-environment. 相似文献
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乐通潮 《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2021,(2):35-42,53
[目的]以漳江口红树林为研究对象,利用泰森多边形和四株树法划分天然红树林林木平面空间分布结构,确定对象木的最邻近竞争木,计算林分空间结构指数,对比分析两种方法的异同,探讨泰森多边形法应用红树林林分空间结构量化的适用性.[方法]设置20 m×20 m样地,每木调查时用钢尺测量横纵坐标,在坐标纸上标记调查木的位置和编号,同... 相似文献
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城市森林建设是改善城市生态环境的重要途径,而城市森林的植被结构特征和管护工程的实施是保证城市森林生态系统健康和可持续发展的重要因素和保障措施。文章论述了沈阳城市森林的植被覆盖率、植物种类的生物多样性、树木胸径结构等沈阳城市森林植被结构特征,以及城市森林病虫害防治、城市森林水、肥管理和树木修剪等管护工程,为今后沈阳城市森林的健康管理提供了有益的参考。 相似文献
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The planting site, size, and health condition of street tree Ginkgo biloba in Beijing urban area were investigated and the influence factors were analyzed based on filed survey. The results showed that G. biloba were mainly planted in tree pit within strip planting median. The average height, diameter at breast height and canopy diameter were 8.11 m, 13.22 cm and 4.07 m, respectively, 82.9% trees were less than 10 m in height, and most G. biloba trees were still in the initial stage of height and diameter increment. The tree health status was described with three classes: class I (healthy), class II (fair) and class III (unhealthy). The percentage of class I, II and III for G. biloba trees in Beijing urban area accounted for 16.0%, 37.2% and 42.9% respectively. The results of analysis showed that the health status of G. biloba was associated with the site condition, tree size and management practices. The trees planted in urban forest patch grew better than the trees planted in green belts and tree pits; meanwhile, the bigger trees were healthier than the smaller ones. In addition, the effects of urban heterogeneous environment and human activities on the health of Ginkgo biloba were analyzed and the suggestions on management were launched. 相似文献
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树种选择的正确与否关系到城市森林建设的成败.以生态学原理为指导,阐述了城市森林建设中树种选择必须坚持的6项原则,即适地适树原则、生态优先原则、多目标兼顾原则、生物多样性原则、以乔木为主原则和重视乡土树种原则等.同时,拓展和丰富了适地适树的内涵,并就当前城市森林树种选择存在的一些问题进行探讨,提出解决问题的思路. 相似文献
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Montri Intasen Richard J. Hauer Les P. Werner Eric Larsen 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2017,36(2):148-163
The objective of this study was to conduct an urban forest assessment for Bangkok and pilot the appropriateness of adapting the i-Tree Eco International software in Thailand. Urban forest structure, function, and value were estimated from 184 stratified random sample plots. A total 48 tree species were encountered and the three most common that contributed 34.1% of total tree population were Polyalthia longifolia Sonn. (15.7%), Mangifera indica L. (13.0%), and Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. (5.4%). The majority of trees (approximately 70%) were <23 cm in diameter. An estimated 2.5 (0.4 SEM) million trees with a canopy cover of 8.6% (1.3 SEM) exist in the Bangkok study area. These trees store an approximate total of 309,700 (73,726 SEM) metric tons of carbon and sequester 16,271 (2965 SEM) metric tons of CO2 annually. Additional research is needed to develop functional relationships for urban trees in Thailand to overcome a current limitation for using i-Tree Eco in Thailand to estimate structural and functional value of urban forests. Study results also provide land-use planners information on the current urban forest resource and the potential for future urban greening. 相似文献
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长白山林区天然阔叶林培育大径木高产林分的结构分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用省级固定样地和伐区调查设计中小班全林每木样地相结合的方法，以天然阔斗林高产大径木林分结构为载体，详细分析了影响该林分结构的三个主要因子：林木最大保留直径（LDT），相邻径级立木株数之比（q）和林分保留断面积（RBA）。分析结果表明，培育大径木的林分结构条件是；LDT不超过54cm，q的取值范围为1．2～1．6，RBA不超过30m^2。 相似文献
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城市化的高速发展,压缩了城市生态用地比例,导致城市生态环境治理与生态用地需求间的矛盾日益突出,提高生态用地功能将是缓解生态用地紧张与生态环境治理需求矛盾的重要措施。本研究以成都市龙泉驿区的城镇景观林建设为例,从城镇景观林构建模式、林分管理技术、林分群落结构和林分景观特征等方面,开展土地资源节约型城镇景观林构建技术研究。结果显示①对以桃树为例,具有"群落绿量小、夏秋缺彩、冬季少绿"等特征的废弃果园,通过树种林分改造后,使群落的三维绿量增加了21.7倍,并改造了林分中栾树、红叶黄连木和香樟等树种的不同观赏特性,实现了"夏秋增彩"与"冬季补绿"。②对无季相景观变化且林内景观质量较低的巨桉纯林,通过林窗补充观花、观叶树种,林下配置观赏草本的方式,丰富了林内色彩种类,实现了林分景观质量的提升。③对仅有一个观赏季节的玉兰纯林,通过引入紫薇、木芙蓉和三角梅等树种,将林分观赏时间由春季20天左右,延长为四季。以乡土树种为主,采用乔灌草多层次的配置模式,采用适宜的管护措施,可以构建出生态服务功能较高,景观质量较高且观赏期较长的土地资源节约型的城镇景观林人工林群落。 相似文献
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【目的】城市鸟类及蜂蝶类群落结构多样性是城市生物多样性的重要组成部分和生态环境质量的重要评价标准之一。了解城市园林绿地食源树种的应用,探讨食源树种的生态特性及其景观特征。【方法】调查了广州市12处城市绿地食源树种的应用,观察鸟类及蜂蝶类的取食情况,记录绿地中食源树种的种类、应用频次、配置方式及生长状况,归纳分析食源树种群落构成、观赏特性、生态性等。【结果】广州园林绿地常见食源树种有23科33属45种,其中鸟类食源树种25种,蜂蝶类食源树种20种,以桃金娘科、桑科、大戟科为主,并以乡土种为主、外来驯化种为辅;食源树种的观赏与被取食时间主要集中于春夏季(31种),秋冬季的相对较少(16种)。【结论】广州市绿地的食源树种资源丰富,约300种,但常见鸟类及蜂蝶类食源树种仅占18%,结合良好适应性、抗逆性、取食性、观赏性,归纳出20种优势乡土食源树种;同时对食源树种群落组成结构进行分析,在兼顾食源树种的观赏性与生态性的基础上,设计出6组可在广州城市园林绿地推广应用的生态配置群落,采用树种混交与立体复合栽植的形式,乔、灌、草结合,形成丰富的水平与垂直植物群落结构,提高绿地生境异质性,增加食源树种的数量及丰富度,提供丰富稳定的食物来源,为鸟类及蜂蝶类提供多样的稳定栖息地。研究结果将对城市园林绿地食源树种的合理选择与科学配置应用,以及营造鸟类及蜂蝶类昆虫生态景观具有现实指导意义。 相似文献