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1.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary levels of quercetin on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, immune and antioxidant functions of juvenile Cyprinus carpio. Three hundred juvenile Cyprinus carpio with an initial body weight of (26.00±0.50) g were randomly divided into 5 groups with 3 replicates per group and 20 fish per replicate. The control group (T1 group) was fed a basal diet, and the experimental groups were fed the basal diets supplemented with 50 (T2 group), 100 (T3 group), 200 (T4 group) and 400 mg/ kg (T5 group) quercetin, respectively. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with T1 group, the final body weight of juvenile Cypri⁃ nus carpio in T3 and T4 groups was significantly increased (P < 0. 05), the weight gain rate and specific growth rate in T3 group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the feed coefficient in all experimental groups was significantly decreased (P<0.05), which in T3 group was the lowest. With the specific growth rate as the evaluation index, according to the cubic regression model analysis, the optimal supplemental level of quercetin in the diet for Cyprinus carpio was 124.02 mg/ kg. 2) The activities of intestinal protease, lipase and amylase in T3 group were significantly higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05). 3) Compared with T1 group, the serum acid phosphatase (ACP) activity and complement 3 (C3) content in T3 group were signifi⁃ cantly increased (P<0.05); the serum complement 4 (C4) content in T3 group was the highest, and signifi⁃ cantly higher than that in the other groups (P<0.05); the serum lysozyme (LZM) activity and immunoglobu⁃ lin M (IgM) content in T3 and T4 groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the serum LZM activity in T3 group was significantly higher than that in T4 group (P<0.05). 4) Compared with T1 group, the activi⁃ ties of liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in T3 group were significantly increased (P< 0.05); the liver glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity in T3 group was the highest, and significantly higher than that in the other groups (P<0.05); the liver total antioxidant capacity (T⁃AOC) in T3 and T4 groups was significantly increased (P<0.05); the liver malondialdehyde (MDA) content in T2, T3 and T4 groups was significantly decreased (P<0.05). In conclusion, the optimal supplemental level of quercetin can improve the growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, immune and antioxidant functions of juvenile Cyprinus carpio, and the optimal supplemental level is 100 mg / kg. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Clinical Research. All rights reserved.  相似文献   

2.
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of soybean meal replaced by fermented plant protein compound on growth, immune, antioxidant and intestinal microflora structure of black carp (Mylopharyn-godon piceus). The different proportions (1∶1 and 2∶1) of fermented cottonseed meal and fermented rapeseed meal were used to replace 0 (control group), 50% and 75% soybean meal in the basic diet, respectively, 5 kinds of isonitrogenous and isoenergetic experimental diets were prepared, and the black carp with initial weight of (6. 04 ± 0. 18) g were fed for 8 weeks. The results showed that there were no significant differences on growth performance, morphological indicators and body composition among all group (P>0.05). There were no significant differences on serum complement 3, malondialdehyde, albumin contents and lysozyme activity among all group (P>0.05). The serum complement 4 content in 50% replacement group was significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.05), and the serum immunoglobulin M content in 75% replacement group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences on hepatopancreas superoxide dismutase, catalase, alkaline phosphatase activities and total antioxidant capacity and total cholesterol content among all group (P>0.05). There were no significant differences on intestinal α-amylase and lipase activities among all group (P>0.05), and the intestinal pepsin activity in fermented cottonseed meal and fermented rapeseed meal replacing 75% soybean meal with 1 ∶ 1 proportion group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The dominant microflora in intestine of black carp at the phylum level were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria and Planctomycotes, and the dominant bacteria at the genus level were Aeromonas, Cetobacterium, Ralstonia and Plesiomonas. There were no significant differences on the relative abundances of intestinal main microflora among all group (P>0.05). To sum up, under the experimental conditions, the high proportion (75%) of fermented plant protein replacing soybean meal do not cause hepatopancreas damage and intestinal microflora structure change of black carp, and even improve the activities of some immune indicators in serum and intestinal protease activity, and the compound proportion of fermented cottonseed meal and fermented rapeseed meal have no significant effects on growth performance, morphological indicators, body composition, hepatopancreas antioxidant indexes and intestinal microflora structure of black carp. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Urology. All rights reserved.  相似文献   

3.
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical indices of Arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) during early growth period. Sixty male post-litter Arctic foxes with the average body weight of (1.16±0.15) kg and at the age of (45±3) days were randomly assigned to 4 groups with 3 replicates per group and 5 foxes per replicate. The foxes were fed the following diets, respectively: basal diet (control group), basal diet+3×109 CFU / kg LAB (LAB group), basal diet+5 g / kg FOS (FOS group) and basal diet+3×109 CFU / kg LAB+5 g / kg FOS (LAB+FOS group). The experiment lasted for 30 days. The results showed as follows: 1) on the days 1 to 15, the diarrhea rate of foxes in the LAB group and LAB+FOS group was significantly lower than that in the control group and FOS group (P<0.05). On the days 16 to 30, the average daily gain of foxes in the LAB+FOS group was significantly higher than that in the control group and FOS group (P<0.05), but had no significant difference with LAB group (P>0.05); the diarrhea rate of foxes in the LAB+FOS group was significantly lower than that in the control group and FOS group (P<0.05), but had no significant difference with LAB group (P>0.05); compared with the FOS group, the feed to gain ratio of foxes in the LAB+FOS group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). 2) The dry matter digestibility of foxes in the LAB + FOS group was significantly higher than that in the control group and FOS group (P < 0.05), but had no significant difference with LAB group (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in nitrogen intake, fecal nitrogen, urine nitrogen, nitrogen deposition, net protein utilization and protein biological value among all groups (P>0.05). 3) Serum total protein (TP) content of foxes in the LAB+FOS group was significantly higher than that in the FOS group (P<0.05), but had no significant difference with control group and LAB group (P>0.05). Serum albumin (ALB) content of foxes in the LAB group was significantly higher than that in the control group and FOS group (P<0.05), but had no significant difference with LAB+ FOS group (P>0.05). Serum urea nitrogen (UN) content of foxes in the LAB+FOS group was significantly decreased compared with the control group (P < 0. 05). In conclusion, the combined supplementation of 3 × 109 CFU / kg LAB and 5 g / kg FOS in the diet is beneficial to reduce diarrhea rate, improve dry matter digestibility, improve body immune level, and promote the growth of Arctic foxes during early growth period. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Urology. All rights reserved.  相似文献   

4.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplemented with combined yeast and Bacillus coagulans fermentation culture on intestinal morphology, intestinal permeability, cecal fer⁃ mentation and microflora of Rex rabbits. A total of 160 healthy Rex rabbits weaned at 35⁃day⁃old with similar body weight were randomly allocated to 4 groups with 8 replicates per group and 5 rabbits per replicate. Rex rabbits in the control group were fed a basal diet, while the others in experimental groups were fed experimental diets supplemented with 0.01%, 0.02% and 0.04% combined yeast and Bacillus coagulans fermentation cul⁃ ture based on the basal diet, respectively. The pretrial period lasted for 7 days and formal period lasted for 56 days. The results showed as follows: 1) the crypt depth of jejunum in the 0.02% and 0.04% added groups was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05), the jejunum villus height / crypt depth ratio in the 0.02% added group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0. 05), and the ileum villus height in the 0.04% added group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05) . 2) The ac⁃ tivity of diamine oxidase (DAO) in serum of 0.01% and 0.02% added groups was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the content of D⁃lactic acid (D⁃LA) in serum among all groups (P>0.05). 3) There were no significant differences in the pH of jejunum, ileum and cecum among all groups (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and total volatile fatty acid and the ratios of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid in cecum among all groups (P>0.05). 4) Compared with the control group, the Simpson index of 0.02% and 0.04% added groups showed an increasing trend (0.05≤P<0.10). At the phylum level, the rela⁃ tive abundance of Verrucomicrobia showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing with the combined yeast and Bacillus coagulans fermentation culture increasing (0.05≤P<0.10); the relative abundance of Te⁃ nericutes in the 0.02% added group was significantly higher than that in the 0.01% and 0.04% added groups (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the added groups and the control group (P>0.05). At the genus level, the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae_UCG⁃014, Akkermansia, dgA⁃11_gut_group, Paramuribaculum and Subdoligranulum showed a trend of change with the combined yeast and Bacillus coagu⁃ lans fermentation culture increasing (0.05≤P<0.10). In summary, dietary supplemented with combined yeast and Bacillus coagulans fermentation culture can improve the intestinal morphology and reduce intestinal perme⁃ ability, but has no significant effects on the pH of jejunum, ileum and cecum and cecum fermentation, and can improve the microbial diversity of cecum of Rex rabbits. The recommended addition level is 0.02% to 0.04% based on the previous results of growth performance. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Clinical Research. All rights reserved.  相似文献   

5.
The experiment was conducted to study the effects of fermented soybean residues on growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, meat quality and blood physiological indexes of Hu sheep, and to investigate the value of fermented soybean residues in the production of meat sheep. In the present study, twenty-one healthy male Hu sheep with similar body weight were selected and randomly allocated into a basal diet （control） group, a soybean residue group （basal diet+20% soybean residue, SR） or a fermented soybean residues group （basal diet+20% fermented soybean residues, FSR）, with 7 animals in each group. The experiment lasted for 49 days, including a 7-day adaptation period. The results were as follows: 1）Compared with the control and SR groups, addition of 20% fermented soybean residues in the diet （FSR） significantly increased the average daily weight gain of Hu sheep （P< 0.05） and significantly reduced the weight gain cost （P<0.05）. 2） The apparent digestibility of dry matter （DM）, crude protein （CP） and neutral detergent fiber （NDF） of Hu sheep in the fermented soybean residues group was significantly higher than that in other groups （P<0.05）. 3） Compared with the SR group, the carcass weight of the FSR group was increased （P<0.05）, while the dressing percentage, meat redness values of the FSR group were greater than those of the other groups （P<0.05）, and the drip loss was lower than other groups （P<0.05）. 4） Compared with the control and SR groups, the serum total protein content of the FSR group was increased （P< 0.05）, and the urea nitrogen content was reduced （P<0.05）. Compared with the SR group, the serum albumin content of the FSR group was increased significantly （P<0.05）. In conclusion, the addition of fermented soybean residues in the diet significantly improved the average daily gain of Hu sheep, reduced the feed cost, improved the apparent digestibility of DM, CP and NDF, and improved the meat quality and serum biochemical indexes. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.  相似文献   

6.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of MCC950 on growth performance, uric acid metabolism, serum inflammatory factor contents and kidney injury of goslings a fed high protein diet, and explore the potential mechanism of nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) / cysteine aspartase-1 (Caspase-1) signaling pathway in gosling gout. A total of 120 Yangzhou goslings of 1-day-old were randomly divided into 3 groups, which were control group, high protein group (HP group) and high protein+ MCC950 group (HP+MCC950 group), with 5 replicates in each group and 8 goslings in each replicate. The control group was fed a normal protein diet with 16.5% crude protein, and the HP group and HP+MCC950 group were fed a high protein diet with 24.0% crude protein. The HP+MCC950 group was intraperitoneally injected with MCC950 every 3 days at a dose of 10 mg / kg BW, and the other two groups were injected with the same amount of normal saline. The experiment lasted for 15 days. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group, the average body weight of goslings at 15 days of age in the HP group was significantly decreased (P<0.05); the serum contents of uric acid (UA), creatinine (Cr), urea nitrogen (UN), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin 18 (IL-18), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in the HP group were significantly increased (P<0.05); the mRNA relative expression levels of NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 and the protein relative expression levels of NLRP3, Caspase-1 and IL-1β in kidney tissues in the HP group were significantly increased (P<0.05). 2) Compared with the HP group, the average body weight of goslings at 10 and 15 days of age in the HP+MCC950 group was significantly increased (P<0.05); the serum contents of UA, Cr, UN, CRP, IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-β1 were significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the mRNA relative expression levels of NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 and the protein relative expression levels of NLRP3, Caspase-1 and IL-1β in kidney tissues in the HP+MCC950 group were significantly decreased (P< 0.05). 3) Histological findings showed that the renal tubules of goslings were dilated, and vacuolar degeneration and necrosis occurred in the HP group, while the structure of renal tubules was relatively normal in the HP+MCC950 group. The urate deposition area in kidney tissues of goslings in the HP group was significantly larger than that in the control group (P<0.05), and which in the HP+MCC950 group was significantly smaller than that in the HP group (P<0.05). Moreover, the urate deposition area in kidney tissues of goslings was significantly positively correlated with the protein relative expression level of NLRP3 (r = 0.681, P<0.05). In conclusion, MCC950 can promote the growth of goslings fed a high protein diet and reduce the serum uric acid content, which may be related to the reduction of inflammatory response and kidney injury through its inhibition of NLRP3 / Caspase-1 signaling pathway. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.  相似文献   

7.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary sodium acetate on lactation performance and rumen microbiota of dairy goats. Fifteen healthy Xinong Saanen dairy goat ewes with similar body weight of (53.54±3.07) kg, the same parity (2 parities) and in mid-lactation [(60±5) d] were randomly divided into 3 groups with 5 replicates in each group. Dairy goats in the control group were fed a basal diet, and those in the experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 30 (experimental group I) and 60 g/ (d.head) (experimental group II) sodium acetate, respectively. The pre-trial period lasted for 7 days and the experimental period lasted for 21 days. The milk yield of dairy goats was recorded during the experiment. At the end of the experiment, milk samples were collected to analyze the changes in milk composition, and rumen contents of dairy goats were collected from two groups (control group and experimental group II) with significant differences in milk fat percentage. Gas chromatography and 16S rDNA sequencing technology were used to analyze the rumen fermentation parameters and rumen microbial composition and structure of dairy goats. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group, dietary sodium acetate extremely significantly increased the daily milk yield of dairy goats (P<0.01), and the daily milk yield in experimental groups I and II was increased by 0.29 and 0.22 kg, respectively (P<0.01); in experimental group II, the milk fat percentage was significantly increased by 1.30 percentage points (P<0.01), and the non-fat solid content in milk was increased by 3.10% (P>0.05). 2) Compared with the control group, the rumen butyric acid content of dairy goats in experimental group II was significantly decreased (P<0.01), and there was no significant difference in rumen pH, the other volatile fatty acid content and acetic acid to propionic acid ratio (P>0.05). 3) Compared with the control group, the Sobs index, Chao1 index and Ace index of rumen microbiota in experimental group II were significantly increased (P<0.05); the results of similarity analysis (ANOSIM) also showed that there were significant differences in the structure of rumen microbiota between the two groups (P<0.05). 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that at the phylum level, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla in the rumen of the two groups of dairy goats; at the genus level, Prevotella_1 was the dominant genus in the rumen. Compared with the control group, the relative abundances of Ruminococcus_1, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, Prevotellaceae_UCG-004 and Lachnoclostridium_12 in rumen of dairy goats in experimental group II were significantly increased (P<0.05), while the relative abundances of Succiniclasticum and Methanobrevibacter in rumen was significantly decreased (P<0.05). 4) The results of correlation analysis showed that rumen microbiota was correlated with daily milk yield, milk fat percentage, milk protein percentage and non-fat solid content of dairy goats. In conclusion, dietary 60 g/ (d.head) sodium acetate can significantly increase the daily milk yield and milk fat percentage, significantly reduce rumen butyrate content, and improve the lactation performance of dairy goats by improving rumen microbial composition and structure. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.  相似文献   

8.
This experiment investigated the effects of dietary coated sodium butyrate (CSB) on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity and inflammatory response of broilers under cyclically heat-stress condition. The experiment selected 500 one-day-old Arbor Acres (AA) broilers, and when routine immunization and rearing to 21-day-old, four hundred and fifty healthy and similar body weight broilers were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates per group and 15 chickens per replicate. Five groups were divided into one normal temperature group (NT group), one heat stress group (HS group) and three heat stress and adding CSB groups (HS+CSB groups) . Broilers in the NT group were raised in room temperature environment [(24± 2) °C], and fed a basal diet. Broilers in the HS group and HS+CSB groups were raised in a daily high temperature environment (28 °C -36 °C -28 °C), and fed diets supplemented with 0, 300, 600 and 900 mg / kg CSB in the basal diet, respectively. The experiment lasted for 14 d. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the NT group, cyclically heat-stress extremely significantly reduced the average daily feed intake and average daily gain of broilers (P < 0. 01) . Under the cyclically heat-stress condition, the addition of 900 mg / kg CSB significantly increased the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of broilers (P < 0.05), and the addition of 600 mg / kg CSB significantly increased the average daily gain of broilers compared with HS group (P<0.05) . 2) Compared with the NT group, cyclically heat-stress significantly or extremely significantly decreased serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) of broilers (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and significantly or extremely significantly increased serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), α1-acidoglycoprotein (α1-AGP), endotoxin (ET) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) (P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01) . Under the cyclically heat-stress condition, compared with the NT group, the addition of 900 mg / kg CSB significantly increased the serum GSH-Px, CAT and SOD activities and T-AOC (P < 0. 05), and significantly or extremely significantly decreased the serum LDH activity and α1-AGP, ET and TBARS contents of broilers (P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01); the addition of 600 mg / kg CSB significantly increased the serum CAT and SOD activities (P<0.05), and extremely significantly decreased the serum LDH activity of broilers (P<0.01); the addition of 300 mg / kg CSB significantly increased the serum CAT and SOD activities and T-AOC of broilers (P < 0. 05) . 3) Compared with the NT group, cyclically heat-stress extremely significantly increased the serum contents of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) of broilers (P<0.01) . Under the cyclically heat-stress condition, compared with the NT group, the addition of 900 mg / kg CSB significantly or extremely significantly reduced the serum IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-8 contents of broilers (P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01), and significantly increased serum transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) content (P<0.05); the addition of 600 mg / kg CSB significantly or extremely significantly reduced the serum IL-6 and TNF-α contents of broilers (P<0.05 or P<0.01); the addition of 300 mg / kg CSB significantly reduced the serum TNF-α content of broilers (P<0.05) . Above results indicate that the addition of CSB in the diet can improve the growth performance of broilers under the cyclically heat-stress condition by increasing the antioxidant capacity and alleviating the inflammatory response, and adding 900 mg / kg CSB to the diet in this experiment has the best effect. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.  相似文献   

9.
The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of compound preparation of Chinese herbal extract on performance, immune and antioxidant function and ruminal bacterial flora of cows with high somatic cell count (SCC) in milk. Ten transitional Holstein cows with similar body condition, lactation period, milk yield and milk SCC higher than 500 000 cells / mL were selected and divided into control group [milk SCC = (97.48±23.75) ten thousand cells / mL] and experimental group [milk SCC = (98. 78 ± 29. 92) ten thousand cells / mL] based on the principle of similar milk SCC, each group contained 5 cows, and cows in 2 groups were not treated with medication. The control group was fed a total mixed ration (TMR), and the experimental was fed the TMR+54 g / (d.head) compound preparation of Chinese herbal extract. The experiment lasted for 35 days. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group, the addition of compound preparation of Chinese herbal extract in the diet significantly decreased the SCC in milk at days 14 and 28 of cows with high SCC in milk (P<0.05), but had no significant effects on milk yield, milk composition and nutrient apparent digestibility (P>0.05) . 2) Compared with the control group, the addition of compound preparation of Chinese herbal extract in the diet significantly increased the contents of immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in serum of cows with high SCC in milk (P<0.05), and significantly decreased the serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) content (P<0.05) . 3) Compared with the control group, the addition of compound preparation of Chinese herbal extract in the diet significantly decreased the proportions of Actinobacteria, Succinivibrionaceae_UCG-001 and Ruminococcus_gauvreauii_group in rumen of cows with high SCC in milk (P < 0. 05), and significantly increased the rumen Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 proportion (P<0.05) . It is concluded that the addition of compound preparation of Chinese herbal extract in the diet can reduce the SCC in milk, increase the immune function, and improve the rumen bacterial flora composition of cows with high SCC in milk. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.  相似文献   

10.
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of faba bean supplementation on the growth performance, intestinal digestive enzyme activities, intestinal morphology and intestinal flora of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). A total of 600 genetic improvement of farmed tilapia with an initial body weight of (500.23± 0.34) g were randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates per group and 50 fish per replicate. Four isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets containing 0 (C0 group, as control), 15% (C15 group), 30% (C30 group) and 60% (C60 group) faba bean were fed to fish during the 100-d feeding trial. Results showed as follows: 1) there were no significant differences in the weight gain rate, specific growth rate, feed coefficient ratio and hepatosomatic index among the groups (P>0.05), the protein efficiency ratio and survival rate in C60 group were significantly higher than those in C0 and C15 groups (P<0.05). 2) There were no significant differences in the activities of amylase, lipase and trypsin among the groups (P>0.05). 3) Compared with the C0 group, the C15, C30 and C60 groups had significantly lower intestinal villus height, villus thickness and muscle thickness (P<0.05). 4) The Simpson index of intestinal flora of tilapia in C15, C30 and C60 groups was lower than that in C0 group, and the difference was significant between C30 and C0 groups (P< 0.05). 5) The intestinal core flora of the four groups of tilapia were mainly Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Fusobacteriota. Compared with the C0 group, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in C15, C30 and C60 groups had a significant reduction (P<0.05), and the relative abundances of Fusobacteriota and Cetobacterium in C15 and C60 groups had a significant reduction (P<0.05). To conclude, under the conditions of isonitrogenous and isolipidic, diets supplemented with 15% to 60% faba bean have no significant effects on the growth performance and intestinal digestive enzyme activities of tilapia, but can significantly reduce the intestinal villi height, villus width and muscle thickness, decrease the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and the diversity of intestinal flora. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.  相似文献   

11.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Ampitheoe sp. powder on the growth and the contents of astaxanthin, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TCHO) and fatty acids of Litopenaeus vannamei. A total of approximately 6 777 L. vannamei with an initial body weight of (1. 80 ± 0.72) g were randomly divided into 3 groups, and there were 3 replicates (753 shrimp per replicate) in each group. Those shrimp fed diets containing 0 (D0 group), 8. 25% (D8. 25 group) and 33% (D33. 00 group) Ampitheoe sp. powder, respectively. The feeding trial lasted for 40 days. The results showed as follows: 1) the final body weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, yield and survival rate in D33.00 group were significantly higher than those in D0 group (P <0.05), whereas the feed conversion ratio was significantly lower than that in D0 group (P <0.05) . However, there was no significant difference between D33.00 group and the D8. 25 group in those indexes (P >0.05) . 2) The astaxanthin content in carapace, hepatopancreas and muscle of L. vannamei in D8.25 and D33. 00 groups was significantly higher than that in D0 group (P < 0. 05); that in D33.00 group was significantly higher than that in D8. 25 group (P < 0. 05) . 3) TG content in haemolymph, hepatopancreas and muscle in D8. 25 and D33. 00 groups was significantly lower than that in D0 group (P < 0.05); the TCHO content in hepatopancreas in D8. 25 group was significantly higher than that in D0 and D33.00 groups (P <0.05); TCHO content in muscle in D33.00 group was significantly higher than that in D0 group (P <0.05) . 4) The contents of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and arachidonic acid (AA) in hepatopancreas in D33.00 group were significantly higher than those in D0 group (P <0.05) . The EPA content in muscle in D33.00 group was significantly higher than that in D0 group (P < 0. 05) . In conclusion, adding Ampitheoe sp. powder into the diet can improve the growth performance, the contents of astaxanthin, EPA and AA in L. vannamei, and affect the accumulation of TG and TCHO, which can be used as a functional diet in aquaculture. Considering the cost, the supplementation level of 8. 25% Ampitheoe sp. powder is more appropriate. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Pediatric Surgery. All rights reserved.  相似文献   

12.
The effects of different neutral detergent fiber （NDF） diets on body size indexes，muscle fiber type and meat quality of Qinghai black Tibetan sheep were investigated. Forty healthy 2-month-old black Tibetan sheep with similar body weights ［（10.28±0.43 kg］ were randomly divided into 2 groups with 20 rams per group. They were fed diets with differing neutral detergent fiber （NDF） levels of 26.33% （group L） and 46.14% （group H）. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay， ATPase histochemical stain and real-time PCR， the muscle fiber characteristics，gene expression of myosin heavy chains （MyHCs） and meat quality in Black Tibetan sheep were evaluated. Results were as follows：1） The tagma indexes in group H were significantly lower than those in group L （P<0.05）. 2） The number of type II a muscle fibers in group H was significantly more than in group L （P< 0.05），and the areas of type I and type II a muscle fibers in group H were also greater than in group L （P< 0.05）. 3） The mRNA expression levels of MyHC I and MyHC IIa in group L were lower than those in group H （P<0.05），but the mRNA expression levels of MyHC IIb and MyHC IIx exhibited an opposite movement （P< 0.05）. 4） Compared with group L，superoxide dismutase，glutathione peroxidase，catalase and total antioxidant capacity contents increased （P>0.05） in group H，while the malondialdehyde （MDA） content was significantly decreased with in group L. 5） The muscle shear force in Group L was higher than that in Group H （P<0.05），while the redness （a*） was lower than that in Group H （P>0.05）. In conclusion，compared with a low-NDF diet，the high-NDF diet effectively reduced the proportion of glycolic muscle fiber and also enhanced antioxidant capacity，improving the muscle quality of black Tibetan sheep. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.  相似文献   

13.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of compound bacteria preparation (including homogeneous Lactobacillus/heterogeneous Lactobacillus, Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger as well as their compatibility) on nutrient composition, fermentation quality and rumen fermentation characteristics of Phragmites australis silage. Taking growing Phragmites australis from Dongting lake as silage material, five groups were set up, which were blank group (CK group), lactic acid bacteria group (LA group, supplemented with Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactobacillus buchneri), lactic acid bacteria+Bacillus subtilis group (LA+BS group), lactic acid bacteria+Aspergillus niger group (LA+AN group) and lactic acid bacteria+Bacillus subtilis+Aspergillus niger group (LA+BS+AN group), and each group had 3 replicates. The supplemental level of lactic acid bacteria was 1.5×108 CFU/kg silage raw materials, and the supplemental levels of Aspergillus niger and Bacillus subtilis were 1.0×108 CFU/kg silage raw materials (all were based on fresh weight of silage raw materials). After 60 days of silage, the nutrient composition and fermentation quality of Phragmites australis silage were determined, and the rumen fermentation characteristics were evaluated by in vitro fermentation and in vivo degradation. The results showed as follows: 1) the contents of dry matter and ash in LA, LA+BS and LA+AN groups were significantly lower than those in CK group (P<0.05), and the crude protein content in LA+BS, LA+AN and LA+BS+AN groups was significantly higher than that in CK and LA groups (P<0.05). 2) The silage sensory evaluation scores of all groups were 60 to 70 points, and the ratings were good. The comprehensive scores of fermentation quality in LA+BS and LA+AN groups were higher, among which, the ammonia nitrogen to total nitrogen ratio, acetic acid content and acetic acid to total acid ratio in LA+AN group were significantly decreased compared with CK group (P<0.05), while the lactic acid content and lactic acid to total acid ratio were significantly increased compared with CK group (P<0.05). 3) The dry matter disappearance rate and total gas production of in vitro fermentation in LA+AN group were significantly higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05), and in vitro fermentation parameters such as volatile fatty acid contents in fermentation liquid were improved. 4) The rumen fermentation dry matter degradation rate in LA+AN and LA+BS+AN groups at 8, 24 and 48 h was significantly higher than that in the other three groups (P<0.05). In conclusion, the combined application of lactic acid bacteria and Aspergillus niger with supplemental levels in this experiment has the best effect on the quality of Phragmites australis silage and rumen fermentation characteristics. © The Author(s) 2023.  相似文献   

14.
[Objective] This study was carried out to explore the effect of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate(PHB) on the performance of the nonspecific immune system in Fenneropenaeus chinensis. [Method] F. chinensis individuals were assigned into six groups, and each group was fed with a diet containing 0(Control), 0.5%(Group E_(0.5)), 1.0%(Group E_(1.0)), 2.5%(Group E_(2.5)), 5.0%(Group E_(5.0)) or 10.0% PHB(Group E_(10.0)). The mortality rate and relative percent of survival(RPS) of each group were calculated after 6 weeks. Meanwhile, the total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC), the activity of acid phosphatase(ACP), peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT), and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) in hepatopancreas and serum were measured,and their correlation with PHB concentration was analyzed. [Result] The RPS in PHB treated shrimps increased initially and decreased subsequently with increasing PHB concentration. RPS of Group E_(1.0) was the highest, showing significant difference from that of other groups( P 0.05).With the increase in PHB concentration, the activity of immunity related enzymes changed in a similar pattern with RPS: increasing at first and decreasing subsequently. In addition, the activity of the enzymes was elevated in the 2~(nd) and 3~(rd) weeks of PHB administration. Among them, T-AOC in serum of groups E_(1.0) and E_(2.5), T-AOC in hepatopancreas of Group E_(1.0), ACP activity in serum of groups E_(1.0) and E_(2.5), ACP activity in hepatopancreas of Group E_(1.0), CAT activity in groups E_(0.5), E_(1.0) and E_(2.5), CAT activity in hepatopancreas of groups E_(0.5), E_(1.0) and E_(10.0), POD activity in both serum and hepatopancreas of groups E_(0.5), E_(1.0) and E_(2.5), SOD activity in both serum and hepatopancreas of Group E_(1.0), MDA content in serum of Group E_(1.0) and MDA content in hepatopancreas of groups E_(0.5) and E_(1.0) showed significant difference from those of other groups(P0.05). [Conclusion] PHB can improve the immunity of F. chinensis, 1.0% in feed has the best effect, and the total enzyme activity reaches the highest level in the 2~(nd) and 3~(rd) weeks of PHB administration.  相似文献   

15.
<正>In order to investigate the effects of nitric oxide(NO) on the growth and development of porcine preantral follicles,we treated the follicles with different concentrations of sodium nitroprusside(SNP,0, 0.001,0.01,0.1 and 1 mmol/L),a NO donor.The results showed that the follicle diameter increased during in vitro culture,but there were no significant differences between the treatments(P0.05);the survival rate in the 1 mmol/L SNP group was significantly lower than that in the 1μmol/L SNP group(61.61% vs 81.52%,P0.05),but no significant differences were found between other treatments(P0.05);the rate of antrum formation in the 1μmol/L SNP group peaked at 50%on day 4,and the rate in the 1μmol/L SNP group on day 6 was higher than that in the 0.01 mmol/L SNP group;in addition,the rate of antrum formation in the 1μmol/L SNP group was significantly higher than that in the 0.1 and 1 mmol/L SNP groups (Day 6:73.07%vs 50%,47.62%,P0.05).After 6 days of culture,the proportion of normal oocytes in the1 mmol/L SNP group was significantly lower than that in the 1μmol/L SNP group(71.21%vs 48.18%, P0.05),with no significant differences between other treatments(P0.05).The recovery rate of cumulus cells oocyte complexes(COCs) in the 1μmol/L SNP group was significantly higher than that in the controls and all other treatments(37.27%vs 22.88%,25.59%,20.74%and 19.39%,P0.05).The results indicate that during the in vitro culture of porcine preantral follicles,low concentration of NO released from SNP improves growth and development of oocytes and follicular antrum formation while high levels of NO are toxic to follicular survival.  相似文献   

16.
In the present study, Fenneropenaeus chinensis individuals were assigned into six groups, and fed with a diet supplemented with 0(Con-trol), 0.5%(Group E0.5), 1.0%(Group E1.0), 2.0%(Group E2.0), 3.0%(Group E3.0) or 5.0%(Group E5.0) of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate(PHB) during their growth and spawning periods, to explore the effect of PHB on the reproductive performance of parents and the development of larvae. The experi-ment was lasted for 192 d to measure the mortality rate, relative percentage of survival(RPS), weight gain rate(WGR), specific growth rate(SGR) and cycle of gonadal development of parental shrimps, number of eggs, number of nauplii, stages of larval development and metamorphosis. The results indicated that PHB had an obvious effect on the fecundity of parental shrimps and growth performance of larva. Compared with control group, the mortality rate of broodstock in experimental groups decreased initially and increased subsequently with the increase of PHB concentration, while RPS showed an opposite pattern. The mortality rate of group E2.0 was the lowest among all groups, showing significant difference from that of other groups(P﹤0.05) except group E1.0(P﹥0.05). WGR of all experimental groups was higher than that of the control group, among which, group E2.0 and group E5.0 had significantly higher WGR than the control(P0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the cycle of gonadal development between the experimental groups and the control group(P ﹥ 0.05). The numbers of eggs and nauplii in the experimental groups were higher than those of the control group. And the numbers of eggs and nauplii in group E2.0 were significantly higher than those of the control(P ﹤ 0.05), bud showed no significant difference from those of other groups(P﹥0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the duration of larval devel-opment and metamorphosis among all the groups. In summary, PHB is capable of improving the reproductive performance of parents and the survival and development of larva in F. chinensis, and 2.0% is the optimal concentration of PHB supplemented to the diet.  相似文献   

17.
Background: Meat color and lipid peroxidation are important traits related to meat quality. CO_2 concentration is a critical factor that can affect meat quality in the commercial use of gas stunning(GS). However, the effect and mechanism of CO_2 stunning on meat color and lipid peroxidation during long-term storage remain poorly studied. We aimed to study the effects of GS methods, especial y CO_2 concentration, on meat color and meat lipid peroxidation in broilers during long-term storage at 4 °C and to explore the potential mechanism of meat color change via lipid peroxidation and the inner lipid peroxide scavenging system.Methods: Eighteen broilers were sacrificed after exposure to one of the following gas mixtures for 90 s: 40% CO_2+21% O_2+ 39% N2(G40%), 79% CO_2+ 21% O_2(G79%), or no stunning(0% CO_2, control). Meat color, serum variables,enzyme activities, and the gene expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK), nuclear factor-erythroid2-related factor 2(Nrf2), glutathione S-transferase(GST) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) were determined.(Continued on next page)Results: The concentrations of serum triiodothyronine(T3, P = 0.03) and the ratio of serum free triiodothyronine/free thyroxine(FT3/FT4, P 0.01) were decreased, whereas levels of serum cortisol(P 0.01) were increased in the 40%CO_2 group compared with the control group. Additionally, the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances(TBARS)3 d(P 0.01) and TBARS6 d(P = 0.01) in breast meat and the TBARS3 din thigh meat(P 0.01) were increased in the40% CO_2 group compared with the control group. Serum T3 was negatively correlated with TBARS6 dboth in the breast and thigh meat(r =-0.63, P 0.01 and r =-0.47, P = 0.05 respectively). T3/T4 was negatively correlated with TBARS6 din the breast meat and in the thigh meat(r =-0.57, P = 0.01; and r =-0.53, P = 0.03 respectively). Compared with the control group, Lightness(L*)1 d(P = 0.03) and L*9 d(P 0.01) were increased, whereas total chromatic aberration(E*)1 d(P = 0.05) and E*3 d(P 0.01) were decreased in the breast meat of both the G40% and G79% groups. The values of yel owness(b*)3 d(P = 0.01), b*6 d(P 0.01) and E*6 d(P 0.01) in the thigh meat were lower in both the G40% and G79% groups than in the control group. In the breast muscle, the m RNA levels of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2(JNK2, P = 0.03),GSTT1(P = 0.04), and SOD1(P = 0.05) were decreased, and the m RNA levels of JNK1(P = 0.07), Nrf2(P = 0.09), and GSTA3(P = 0.06) were slightly lower in both the G40% and G79% groups compared with the control group. However, among these genes, only the m RNA level of JNK1 was decreased in the G40% group compared with the control group and the G79% group(P = 0.03) in the thigh muscle.Conclusions: Compared with the control group, meat color quality in the breast meat was decreased, and the expression of genes in the MAPK/Nrf2/ARE(antioxidant responsive element) antioxidant pathway in breast muscle was partly suppressed by GS of both 40% and 79% CO_2. However, oxidative stress and meat lipid peroxidation during storage were aggravated by GS with 40% CO_2 compared to GS with 79% CO_2 and no GS.  相似文献   

18.
A 41-wk growth trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary protein levels on the long-term growth response and fitting growth models of gibel carp(Carassius auratus gibelio) with an initial body weight of 1.85 ± 0.17 g. The dietary protein levels were designed at 320(P32), 360(P36). 400(P40).and 440 g/kg(P44), respectively. The growth curves of the gibel carp for each group were fitted and analyzed with four nonlinear regression models(Gompertz. logistic. von Bertalanffy and Richards). The final body weights(mean ± SD) of the fish were 226 ± 6.231 ± 7.242 ± 2, and 236 ± 2 g for P32, P36, P40,and P44. respectively. Feed conversion ratio of P40 and P44 groups was significantly lower than that of P32 and P36 groups(P 0.05). Productive protein value of P44 group was significantly lower than that of P32 and P36 groups, but not different from that of P40 group(P 0.05). The growth response of the gibel carp for each group was the best fitted by Richards model with the lowest Chi~2, residual sum of squares and residual variance, then Gompertz and von Bertalanffy growth models, but the logistic model did not fit the data well justified by Chi~2 values. The optimal protein level(400 g/kg) prolonged the stage of fast growth and predicted the highest asymptotic weight, which was close to the harvest size in practice.  相似文献   

19.
[Objective] The paper was to investigate effects on fermentation bed temperature,growth performance,diarrhea rate and digestive en-zyme activity of weaning piglets by using spent mushroom substrate of Pleurotus eryngii as padding.[Method] A total of 120 weaning piglets(Duroc × Landrace ×Yorkshire) with average initial body weight of(8.0 ±0.5)kg were allocated to five dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design for 42 d,each of which was replicated three times with eight piglets per replicate(half male,half female).The padding for control group was(50% sawdust +50% rice husk);experimental group Ⅰ 100% spent mushroom substrate;experimental group Ⅱ(15% sawdust +15% rice husk +70% spent mushroom substrate);experimental group Ⅲ(25% sawdust +25% rice husk +50% spent mushroom substrate);experimental group Ⅳ(35% sawdust +35% rice husk +30% spent substrate).[Result] There was no significant difference in surface temperature of fermentation bed between experimental groups and control group(P0.05).Compared with the control group,the temperature under 20 cm of fermentation bed in ex-perimental groups I,Ⅱ and Ⅲ increased significantly(P0.05).Except for experimental group Ⅳ,other three experimental groups had higher aver-age daily gain(P0.05) and experimental group Ⅰ had higher average daily feed intake(P0.05) compared to the control group.The diarrhea rate and mortality of weaning piglets in experimental groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were significantly decreased compared with the control group(P0.05).Compared with the control group,other three experimental groups had higher digestive enzyme activity in duodenal contents except for experimental group Ⅳ(P0.05).[Conclusion] Spent mushroom substrate of P.eryngii can be used as fermentation bed padding,and the optimal proportion was experimental group Ⅲ.  相似文献   

20.
Agro-pastoral ecotone is an important ecological barrier in China,and its ecological environment problems are becoming increasingly prominent. In this study,61 species of plants in 27 grassland plots in the agro-pastoral ecotone of Inner Mongolia and Liaoning border were collected for calorific value analysis under the random sampling condition. The changes of calorific value of plants in different types of functional groups were explored to provide scientific data and research support for energy fixation and rational use of grassland resources in the agro-pastoral ecotone. The results showed that:The average calorific value of 61 species was 17.14 KJ·g-1. Among them,Salsola collina had the lowest calorific value (12.82 KJ·g-1),the caloric value of Polygala tenuifolia was the highest (20.07 KJ·g-1),and the total calorific value was normal distribution. Comparing the caloric values of different life-type functional groups,the caloric value of annuals and biennials was significantly lower than perennial grasses and shrubs (P<0.05),which had no significant difference with sub-shrubs and perennial forbs. There was no significant difference among perennial grasses,shrubs,perennial weeds and semi-shrubs (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in caloric value between different water ecological functional groups (P>0.05). The plant caloric mean value of the Xero-mesophytes was slightly lower than other groups. There was no significant difference in calorific value among Liliaceae,Leguminosac,Gramineae,Compositae and Rosaceae,and the caloric value of Chenapodiaceae was significantly lower than other families (P<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between plant calorific value and carbon content (P<0.05). © 2019 China Agricultural University. All rights reserved.  相似文献   

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