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耐热冻干保护剂在兽用冻干活疫苗中的初步研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
耐热冻干保护剂在兽用冻干活疫苗中的研究和应用是当前国内兽用生物制品行业的一个热门话题。耐热冻干保护剂的配制及冻干充分考虑了活疫苗在较高温度和较长保存时间情况下，冻干物质可能发生的物理和化学变化对疫苗存活的影响，因而其保护性能（尤其在较高温度环境里）要比传统保护剂更为优良，使活疫苗在储存、运输、使用等方面更方便，更经济。 相似文献
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采用冻干试验筛选出保护剂基础配方,再通过Plackett-Burman设计法筛选主要保护剂基质,然后通过Box-Behnken响应面分析法对羊传染性脓疱病毒(ORFV)耐热保护剂配方进一步优化,用冻干试验进一步验证筛选出1种针对ORFV保护效果最好的耐热冻干保护剂作为疫苗用候选配方。同时,依据前期试验获得的活疫苗冻干曲线,通过进一步优化,获得疫苗最佳冻干曲线。利用该冻干工艺冻干的疫苗,保护剂的保护率可达95.3%,且疫苗各项指标均达到《中华人民共和国兽用生物制品规程》要求。经37℃保存7,15,30d病毒滴度分别下降0.46,0.70,1.00;2~8℃保存3,6,12,24个月病毒滴度分别下降0.10,0.10,0.40,0.60,证明此配方制备的疫苗具有良好的热稳定性。本试验解决了ORFV细胞弱毒疫苗仅能在低温条件下保存和运输的瓶颈技术问题,使疫苗的储存、运输更为方便。 相似文献
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为优化仔猪副伤寒耐热保护剂活疫苗生产工艺,对细菌生长曲线、耐热保护剂和冻干曲线进行了研究,建立了发酵体积1%、2%和3%的二级种子接种量下分别发酵12 h~20 h的细菌生长曲线,检测3个配苗比例、4种耐热保护剂和3条冻干曲线下成品疫苗的冻干菌存率、活菌存活率和安全性,确定了接种3%二级种子液发酵培养17 h为最佳发酵培养条件,发酵菌数达到428×108CFU/m L;最佳配苗比例为菌液︰耐热保护剂1∶1(V∶V),优化保护剂B作为最佳耐热保护剂,设定冻干程序3#作为最佳冻干曲线。基于此,仔猪副伤寒耐热保护剂活疫苗抗原含量达到40头份/瓶,冻干菌存率和活菌存活率均达到95%以上,大幅度降低了猪体免疫副反应,极大提升了疫苗的产品品质。 相似文献
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摘 要：随着猪瘟活疫苗耐热保护剂的不断应用,冻干技术的要求也越来越高。通过对冻干工艺的不断研究,采取预冻阶段快速和慢速降温,一期升华阶段选取不同温度等方法,筛选一条合适的冻干曲线,不仅缩短冻干时间,降低生产能耗,而且有利产品质量稳定,为今后耐热保护剂的冷冻干燥提供了研究方向。 相似文献
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对利用耐热保护剂制成的新城疫病毒冻干品的研究表明，制品置在38℃条件下8d、14d和21d，其中较理想一组冻干病毒的EID50由10^6.33分别下降为10^3．67、10^4.33、10^3.67。这一结果将为下一步研制耐热型鸡新城疫活疫苗打下了坚实基础。 相似文献
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本试验对嗜热链球菌微胶囊的冻干保护剂进行了筛选，对冻干工艺进行了优化，并对冻干嗜热链球菌微胶囊对胃液、肠液和贮存等胁迫作用的抵抗力进行了研究。结果显示：（1）最优的复合冻干保护剂为甘油2%，脱脂乳6%，抗坏血酸0.6%，海藻糖9%|存活率为80%|（2）添加冻干保护剂的微胶囊经模拟胃液处理150 min后,存活率为61%|未添加保护剂的微胶囊存活率为51%|（3）在模拟肠液中，添加冻干保护剂的微胶囊完全释放仅需60 min，而菌液对照组需要120 min才能释放完全|（4）4 ℃条件下贮存60 d后，嗜热链球菌冻干微胶囊存活率为77%，未冻干微胶囊存活率为62%|（5）冻干微胶囊分别在-20、4、20、37 ℃贮存60 d后，活菌数仍能达到108 cfu/g以上。试验结果表明，添加适宜的冻干保护剂可以提高嗜热链球菌微胶囊的性能，增强嗜热链球菌对胃液、肠液和贮存等体内外不良环境的抗性。
[关键词] 冻干|益生菌|微胶囊 相似文献
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鸡马立克氏病火鸡疱疹病毒(耐热保护剂)活疫苗的研究 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
通过对不同保护剂基质与鸡马立克氏病火鸡疱疹病毒(HVT)相溶性的研究及冻干曲线的优化,成功研制出一种适宜HVT的耐热冻干保护剂。用其与相匹配的48h自然回温冻干曲线冻干的HVT耐热活疫苗,其病毒冻干损失比SPGA常规疫苗减少约50%,在2~8℃条件下可保存24个月,37℃保存10d病毒存活率达50.5%,而SPGA规程苗仅为31.6%。经约50万羽份的田间试验,证明安全有效并显示出良好的耐热性能,达到国外同类产品水平。 相似文献
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为了解中兽药解暑抗热散对妊娠母猪热应激的缓解效果,选取14头怀孕1月龄的2~3胎次的母猪,按窝体质量及胎次相近的原则随机分成2组,即解暑抗热散组(每800 kg基础日粮中添加解暑抗热散1 kg)和对照组(基础日粮),每组7头,分别测定其热应激相关指标,试验期8 d。结果显示:解暑抗热散组母猪的呼吸频率比对照组降低3.57次/min,体温比对照组降低0.99℃,2组间呼吸频率差异不显著(P0.05),但平均体温显著低于对照组(P0.05);母猪产健仔猪数比对照组提高10.52%,发病数比对照组降低5.49%。试验结果表明,解暑抗热散在高温条件下能够显著降低妊娠母猪体温,提高产健仔猪数,降低猪只的发病数,具有良好的抗应激作用。 相似文献
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P. Hortells E. Monleón C. Acín A. Vargas V. Vasseur A. Salomon B. Ryffel J. Y. Cesbron J. J. Badiola M. Monzón 《Zoonoses and public health》2010,57(5):358-366
Environmental exposure to metal appears to enhance susceptibility to Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs); however, published data are not conclusive. The current study focuses on assessing the effects of copper depletion and/or manganese enhancement in the diet on susceptibility to Scrapie and this disease progression. The degree of spongiosis was the highest in the animals that received a copper‐ depleted diet. These observations suggest that this diet contributes to the Scrapie lesions and to the worsening of the condition in animals that have been inoculated with Scrapie. The highest intensities of GFAP immunostaining were also associated with the copper‐ depleted diet. Dietary supplementation with manganese had a negative effect on neuronal counts. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that certain environmental factors may aggravate neuropathological Scrapie lesions. This is consistent with reports from other neurodegenerative diseases where some metalloenzymes play a pivotal protector role against the oxidative stress associated with pathogenesis. 相似文献
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R E Halliwell 《The Veterinary record》1990,126(16):389-394
The ageing process tends to predispose dogs and cats to certain skin diseases. Impaired immunosurveillance is believed to render the animals more susceptible to neoplasia which can affect any organ including the skin. Endocrinopathies are also more common in older animals. There are some diseases of internal organs which can affect the skin, and some of these tend to occur with increased frequency in old animals. Finally, seborrhoeic diseases are either more common in older animals, or become increasingly severe with age. 相似文献
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不同处理玉米的有机物质瘤胃降解率及小肠消化率的研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
用３头带瘤胃瘘管的杂种肉牛测定玉米、无机保护剂处理玉米、有机保护剂处理玉米、１０％和３０％鲜血处理玉米有机物质（ＯＭ）和非蛋白质有机物质（ＮＰＯＭ）的瘤胃动态降解率，ＯＭ分别为５３．０３％，４３．９１％，５３．５７％，３５．７３％和３８．８５％，ＮＰＯＭ分别为５３．６７％，４８．０６％，５５．７２％，３９．２４％和４４．４８％。用酶解法（牛小肠液冻干粉（ＢＩＦ））测得玉米、无机保护剂处理玉米、有机保护剂处理玉米、１０％和３０％鲜血处理玉米１２小时瘤胃非降解ＯＭ的消化率分别为７４．３９％，７６．２６％，７５．５４％，７７．８８％和７７．４３％，ＮＰＯＭ分别为６３．９２％，６４．７８％，６４．４３％，６７．７８％和６５．００％。 相似文献
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Sallmann M 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2001,108(8):326-327
In 2000 more than 14,000 consignments of live animals have been checked at the border inspection post at Frankfurt am Main airport, most of them consignments of tropical fish, reptiles and animals for laboratory research. The import of wild or pet animals which could transmit notifiable or human pathogen diseases from third countries into the European Community has been rising continuously during the last years. Various national and community precautions have been taken to avoid the danger of importation of such diseases into the community. A risk analysis on EC-level concerning the transmission of diseases by reptiles, ornamental fish or other pet animals is still overdue. 相似文献
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The transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) represent an emerging group of diseases that have been labeled as "prion diseases" because of the recent characterization of the infectious agent. TSEs are caused by prions, which induce neurodegenerative fatal diseases in humans and animals. Some TSEs (scrapie and kuru), have existed in both animals and humans for a very long time, whereas others such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy and variant Creutzfeld-Jakob disease have either recently emerged or are more thoroughly described and recognized. It is obvious that the medical community will be forced to consider these diseases in humans and animals for the future. This article offers a short review of the TSEs of immediate concern to zoo and wildlife veterinarians and wildlife biologists and suggests risk management strategies for the prevention of these diseases, with special focus on chronic wasting disease of cervids in North America. 相似文献
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Petri S Distl O Meyer-Lindenberg A Nolte I 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2000,107(3):99-103
Protection of animals needs major concern in breeding programmes especially if inherited diseases occur which cause pain, suffering and/or damages for the animals. Dogs breeders and people keeping dogs as well as veterinarians should be informed about the etiology on sequels of diseases which cause pain to the animals and from which the animals have to be protected in order to make them more conscious on these problems and to achieve changes in dog breeding programmes. The information system "Inherited Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System of Dogs" should display the already published knowledge about etiology, pathogenesis, appearance, therapy and genetics of these diseases. This information system was built up in such a way that it can be used by students as a learning programme to understand the basic relationships among animal protection, diseases, and dog breeding. The user is also supplied with support for breeding decisions as well as for interpretation of breeding values and genotype probabilities. Additionally, information can be obtained on all in the German Association for Dog Breeding (VDH) represented breeds and breeding clubs. Actions to reduce genetically caused diseases required for members of dog breeding clubs are also available. The information system ist programmed by using HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language). Publication is possible on CD-ROM and on Internet. The supplied hyperlinks allow to make use of other publications on the world wide web related to dog and diseases of dogs. 相似文献
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DAVID L. HOLMBERG DVM MVSc DiplomateACVS C. FRIES DVM DVSc J. COCKSHUTT DVM MSc D. VAN PELT DVM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1990,18(6):446-449
The nasal cavities of 14 dogs and three cats were explored surgically using a ventral rhinotomy. The exposure achieved through this approach was considered to be equal to a dorsal rhinotomy. One animal died during the immediate postoperative period from perforation of a gastric ulcer. The other animals recovered well and had no significant complications. The long-term survival of the animals was consistent with previous reports for their diseases. Ventral rhinotomy is no more difficult than dorsal rhinotomy, has less patient morbidity and fewer postoperative complications, and is more cosmetically acceptable. 相似文献
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Ventral rhinotomy in the dog and cat 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The nasal cavities of 14 dogs and three cats were explored surgically using a ventral rhinotomy. The exposure achieved through this approach was considered to be equal to a dorsal rhinotomy. One animal died during the immediate postoperative period from perforation of a gastric ulcer. The other animals recovered well and had no significant complications. The long-term survival of the animals was consistent with previous reports for their diseases. Ventral rhinotomy is no more difficult than dorsal rhinotomy, has less patient morbidity and fewer postoperative complications, and is more cosmetically acceptable. 相似文献