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1.
猪Tool-like Receptor 4(TLR4)的定位和组织表达 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过辐射杂交板的方法将猪的Tool-like Receptor 4(TLR4)定位在SSC1q2.9→q2.13,它与SW1957紧密连锁(15cR LOD score 15.16)。用RT-PCR表明TLR4mRNA在猪的睾丸、灰质、肌肉、白质、肾脏、心脏、小肠、胸腺、淋巴结、脾、肺和肝脏等各种组织中广泛表达,在肺中的表达量最高。TLR4mRNA在肺中的表达量可能与猪肺部疾病有关。 相似文献
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猪血液和淋巴组织中淋巴细胞亚群表型分布 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本研究利用CD3、CD4及CD8单克隆抗体对猪外周血淋巴细胞、胸腺细胞、扁桃体和肠系膜淋巴结淋巴细胞的组成进行了流式细胞仪分析.结果表明,胸腺中大胸腺细胞和小胸腺细胞的CD3、CD4及CD8的表达不同,在大胸腺细胞中,CD3的表达比小胸腺细胞的CD3 表达要高出10个百分点.小胸腺细胞中CD4+CD8+细胞约占60 %,而大胸腺细胞中只占30 %;相反,大胸腺细胞中CD4+CD8 +细胞比小胸腺细胞要高.与外周血比较起来,肠系膜淋巴结和外周血有相似的淋巴细胞组成,CD4+和CD8+细胞(包括CD4+CD8+细胞)占细胞总数60 %以上,而扁桃体中只占30 %,CD4+CD8+的比例相比较也要低. 相似文献
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通过辐射杂交板的方法将猪的Tool-like Receptor 4 (TLR4)定位在SSC1q2.9-q2.13,它与SW1957紧密连锁(15cR; LOD score 15.16)。用RT－PCR表明TLR4在猪的各种组织中广泛表达如睾丸、灰质、肌肉、白质、肾脏、心脏、小肠、胸腺、淋巴结、脾、肺和肝脏。在肺中的表达量最高。这些知识有助于我们对TLR4作为候选基因的认识。 相似文献
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猪血液和淋巴细胞中淋巴细胞亚群表型分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究利用ＣＤ３、ＣＤ４及ＣＤ８单克隆抗体对猪外周血淋巴细胞、胸腺细胞、扁桃体和肠系膜淋巴结淋巴细胞的组成进行了流式细胞仪分析。结果表明，胸腺中大有腺细胞和小胸腺细胞的ＣＤ３、ＣＤ４及ＣＤ８的表达不同，在大胸腺细胞中，ＣＤ３的表达比小胸腺细胞的ＣＤ３表达要高出１０个百分点。小胸腺细胞中ＣＤ４＾＋ＣＤ８＾＋细胞约占６０％，而大胸腺细胞中只占３０％；相反，大胸腺细胞中ＣＤ４＾＋ＣＤ＾８细胞比小胸腺细胞 相似文献
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从广西巴马小型猪的卵巢中提取总RNA，并以其为模板，应用逆转录一聚合酶链式反应(RT—PCR)，在合成的特异性引物引导下，扩增得到巴马小型猪卵泡抑素(Follistatin) cDNA的全序列，长度为1035bp。该扩增片段经纯化后，连接到pMD18-T载体上扩增。经序列分析结果表明，本研究中克隆的猪卵泡抑素cDNA序列与GeneBank中已报道的家猪卵泡抑素同源性高达99．4％，与奶牛、家鼠、挪威鼠和马等其他物种的卵泡抑素cDNA序列间同源性也大于89％。 相似文献
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从1,30,50,70和90kg左右的杜长大猪肌肉组织中提取基因组RNA,用RT-PCR扩增猪心型脂肪酸结合蛋白(H-FABP)基因,获得1条211bp的片段,以pGEM-T为载体,将该基因片段克隆到大肠杆菌(Escherichiacoli)DH5α中。从筛选到的阳性克隆中分离出脂肪酸结合蛋白基因,测定其序列。分析表明,该片段为脂肪酸结合蛋白基因cDNA的部分序列,与已报道的猪肌肉组织中的H-FABPcDNA部分序列同源性达到99%。以H-FABP基因片段的克隆为基础,构建了优化的半定量RT-PCR法,以18SrRNA为内标,研究不同生长阶段猪肌肉组织中H-FABP基因表达的差异。结果表明,从出生到50kg,猪H-FABP基因表达呈下降趋势;50～90kg阶段,H-FABP基因的表达又有所上升。 相似文献
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为研究颗粒体蛋白前体(granulin,GRN)在脂肪细胞发育过程中的作用,本实验构建了GRN短发夹RNA(short hairpin RNA,shRNA)慢病毒干扰载体,包装并感染猪前体脂肪细胞,采用油红O染色、油红O提取比色法检测猪前体脂肪细胞分化情况,采用Real-time PCR法检测成脂关键基因mRNA的表达变化情况。结果显示,GRN慢病毒干扰载体病毒滴度在5×107TU/mL以上,病毒感染前体脂肪细胞后显著降低了GRN的表达,shRNA2干扰效率最高,达到76%,沉默GRN后能够促进猪前体脂肪细胞分化;脂肪细胞分化标志基因过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)、固醇调节原件结合蛋白(SREBP-1c)、脂肪细胞型脂肪酸结合蛋白(ap2)和脂蛋白酯酶(LPL)基因mRNA表达量均升高。结果表明,降低GRN基因表达促进了猪前体脂肪细胞分化,揭示GRN在猪前体脂肪细胞分化过程中可能起到抑制作用。 相似文献
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为探索从江香猪肌内脂肪含量的超声活体预测方法,该文选取110头从江香猪育肥猪开展活体测定,以超声图像为研究对象,利用Matlab R2015b软件提取灰度-梯度共生矩阵(gray gradient cooccurrence matrix,GGCM)及4个角度灰度共生矩阵(gray level cooccurrence matrix,GLCM)图像纹理特征参数。通过逐步回归分析法构建肌内脂肪(intramuscular fat,IMF)含量预测模型,再将此模型应用于另外42头从江香猪,验证模型准确性。逐步回归分析结果表明,背膘厚、灰度平均和梯度熵3个参数指标达到显著水平(P0.05),回归预测模型决定系数R2=0.369。线性回归及相关分析得出,估测值与实测值间RMSE为0.686,皮尔逊积矩相关系数(pearson correlation coefficients)和斯皮尔曼相关系数(spearman correlation coefficients)分别为0.592和0.640(P0.001)。该研究所构建的拟合回归模型可应用于从江香猪肌内脂肪活体预测,为后期高肌内脂肪含量从江香猪的选育提供更为便捷有效的手段。 相似文献
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低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
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Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
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《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
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I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
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Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
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M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
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Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献
19.
Electron donor and pH relationships for biologically enhanced dissolution of chlorinated solvent DNAPL in groundwater 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Biologically enhanced dissolution offers a method to speed removal of chlorinated solvent dense non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) sources such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichoroethene (TCE) from aquifers. Bioremediation is accomplished by adding an electron donor to the source zone where fermentation to intermediates leading to acetic acid and hydrogen results. The hydrogen and possibly acetic acid are used by dehalogenating bacteria to convert PCE and TCE to ethene and hydrochloric acid. Reductive dehalogenation is thus an acid forming process, and sufficient alkalinity must be present to maintain a near neutral pH. The bicarbonate alkalinity required to maintain pH above 6.5 is a function of the electron donor: 800 mg/L of bicarbonate alkalinity is sufficient to achieve about 1.2 mM TCE dechlorination with glucose, 1.7 mM with lactate, and a much higher 3.3 mM with formate. Laboratory studies indicate that in mixed culture, formate can be used as an electron donor for complete conversion to ethene, contrary to pure cultures studies indicating it cannot. Various strategies can be used to add electron donor to an aquifer for DNAPL dehalogenation while minimizing pH problems and excessive electron donor usage, including use of injection-extraction wells, dual recirculation wells, and nested injection-extraction wells. 相似文献
20.
Yoav Bashan Bernardo Salazar Ma. Esther Puente Macario Bacilio Robert Linderman 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2009,45(6):585-594
To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse
trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus
were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB;
the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons
reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened
later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons
growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants,
no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi,
enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant.
In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after
30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination
only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity
to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as
compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it. 相似文献