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工业大麻作为多用途经济作物,其相关产业及创新性应用蓬勃发展,对其种质资源提出更高的要求,因此根据不同产业需求培育多功能、抗逆性强的品种至关重要。转录组测序技术发展迅速,已被广泛应用于农业、医学及生命科学等领域。利用转录组测序技术精准鉴定、深度发掘优异基因并解析分子机理,对工业大麻品种遗传改良及产业创新发展具有重要意义。因此,研究阐述了转录组测序技术在工业大麻的基因组组装、新基因挖掘、抗胁迫机制、分子育种及其纤维发育调控等领域的研究成果,以期为工业大麻分子育种研究提供参考。 相似文献
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《中国麻业》2017,(2)
近10年来以高通量为特征的第二代测序技术迅猛发展,并被广泛应用到医学,生命科学及农业等领域。新一代测序技术具有成本低、效率高等特点,使得许多非模式生物的基因组和转录组从头测序成为可能。苎麻作为我国传统的天然纤维作物,其种植面积和产量占全世界的90%以上。解析其性状的形成发育机制对于苎麻的分子改良非常重要。近几年来,为了阐明苎麻性状的生物学机制,国内外多个团队以转录组研究为切入点,通过高通量测序技术对苎麻生物学研究开展了大量的研究。本文从高通量测序技术、苎麻转录组研究进展、苎麻重要性状基因识别、苎麻进化驯化机制研究及分子标记的开发利用等几个方面进行了综述,将为挖掘苎麻重要性状基因提供理论基础、为苎麻分子标记辅助选择提供了大量的可靠标记,高通量测序已经推动苎麻性状生物学研究的快速发展,也将为苎麻的分子育种研究奠定基础。 相似文献
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玉米抗旱性功能基因研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《作物研究》2016,(6)
介绍了干旱及其对玉米的影响,概述了玉米抗旱性功能基因克隆方法和技术的研究进展,包括全基因组关联分析、候选基因关联分析、转录组研究及蛋白质组研究等研究方法及进展。展望了玉米基因功能研究的发展前景。 相似文献
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植物与病原物互作的分子机制一直是植物病理学研究的热点。近年来,功能基因组学研究策略,包括蛋白质组学和转录组学,已广泛应用于基因、蛋白的功能鉴定和表达谱研究。蛋白质组学作为转录组学研究的一个互补内容,已成为系统研究植物应答病原物侵染的蛋白质表达谱和翻译后修饰的有力工具。水稻作为已完成基因组测序的单子叶植物,是研究植物与病原物互作分子机理的理想模型。因此,着重介绍了蛋白质组学的研究技术,水稻响应细菌、真菌及病毒等病原物侵染的蛋白质组学研究进展和水稻与病原物互作磷酸化蛋白质组学的概况。 相似文献
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花青素是一类广泛存在于植物中的水溶性色素,作为一种强自由基清除剂,它具有抗炎,抗氧化,降血压,降血糖等多种保健功能。紫芽茶树作为一种高花青素含量的特异性茶树资源,其研究与利用越来越受人们的关注。为了解茶树紫芽中花青素形成的分子机理,本研究通过对湖南农业大学自选紫芽品种9803与绿芽品种9806进行转录组测序及生物信息学分析,筛选得到42条与花青素代谢相关的unigene,其中比对到参考基因组中的有34条,未在参考基因组中登录的有8条。KEGG富集分析表明这42个基因被富集到5个代谢通路中,包括类黄酮合成途径,木质素合成途径,黄酮和黄酮醇合成途径,油菜素甾醇合成途径,以及参与转录因子的编码。通过荧光定量PCR验证,差异基因荧光定量PCR变化趋势与转录组测序结果一致,转录组测序数据可靠。本次试验在转录组水平上筛选出了茶叶紫芽花青素代谢相关的差异基因,为进一步揭示茶叶紫芽产生的分子机理奠定了基础。 相似文献
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选择性剪接是基因表达调控的重要机制，在植物发育、抗病和应对环境胁迫等方面起着重要的作用。近年来，新一代测序技术在植物基因组和转录组测序领域得到广泛应用，植物选择性剪接研究取得了一些新进展。本文就此进行了综述，包括选择性剪接占植物功能基因的比例、选择性剪接的类型及其调控机制等内容，并提出了今后植物上的研究重点应放在选择性剪接的功能方面。 相似文献
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简要介绍了玉米基因组学发展背景,概述了玉米基因组学研究进展。在结构基因组学方面,新发展的DNA编码序列富集与过滤技术大大推动了玉米基因组学测序工作的进展,目前已获得基因组中80%的编码序列。功能基因组学在EST计划、Mu-tagging技术、芯片技术和TILLIING技术的推动下也取得了长足的进展。与水稻和拟南芥等的比较基因组学,有助于解读基因组序列,推测未知基因的功能,并促进了基因作图。生物信息学则积累了海量的数据库并呈指数增加,新软件开发、数据的解读和图谱的整合是其重要的研究方向。讨论了基因组学发展对玉米育种的影响。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献