共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
饲料中胆汁酸添加水平对牛蛙肝脏化学组成、抗氧化和代谢酶活力的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验将144只(初始质量75.01 g±4.23 g)牛蛙(Rana catesbeiana)随机分在12个玻璃水族缸中,每组3个重复,每个重复12只牛蛙。分别向每千克基础饲料中添加0、100、200和300 mg胆汁酸,配制成4种等氮等能的试验饲料。试验期8周。结果表明:1)饲料中添加100 mg/kg的胆汁酸显著降低肝脏粗脂肪含量,升高水分含量。2)随着胆汁酸添加量的增加,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)呈先升高后降低的趋势,添加量为200 mg/kg时最高;添加胆汁酸显著提高了谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力;添加200 mg/kg的胆汁酸显著降低了丙二醛(MDA)含量,当添加量为300 mg/kg,MDA显著升高。3)肝脏谷草转氨酶随着胆汁酸含量的升高呈先升高后降低趋势,其中添加量200 mg/kg时最高,各添加水平对谷丙转氨酶活力无显著影响;添加100和200 mg/kg胆汁酸显著降低肝酯酶(HL)和脂蛋白酯酶(LPL)活力。4)饲料中添加300 mg/kg的胆汁酸组牛蛙肝脏颜色呈紫黑色,有白斑,肝脏质地硬。综上,饲料中添加适量的胆汁酸能通过调节牛蛙肝脏脂类代谢水平和抗氧化能力以维持肝细胞的正常功能,建议胆汁酸添加量以不超过200 mg/kg为宜。 相似文献
2.
为了评估脱氧胆酸钠作为大口黑鲈饲料添加剂的作用效果,实验配制了脱氧胆酸钠添加量分别为0 (对照组)和300 mg/kg的2种实验饲料,饲养初始体质量为(10.80±0.12) g的大口黑鲈8周后,分析了脱氧胆酸钠对大口黑鲈生长、代谢以及肠道菌群的影响。结果显示,脱氧胆酸钠显著增加了大口黑鲈的终末体质量、体长和肥满度(CF),而对脏体比(VSI)、肝体比(HSI)、全鱼的总脂肪和粗蛋白含量无显著影响;脱氧胆酸钠显著增加了肝脏和肌肉中糖异生相关基因的表达,同时脱氧胆酸钠通过增加肌肉中糖原合成酶(GCS)的活性显著增加了肌肉中糖原的含量,而对肝脏中的糖原含量则无显著影响。此外,脱氧胆酸钠显著增加了胆囊中胆汁酸的含量,结果发现,脱氧胆酸钠主要通过下调肝脏中胆汁酸受体基因(fxr)的表达,以及上调胆固醇合成酶7α-羟化酶基因(cyp7a1)的表达,促进胆汁酸的合成。大口黑鲈摄食含脱氧胆酸钠的饲料后,肠道中厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门的微生物丰度下降,放线菌门的丰度升高。研究表明,脱氧胆酸钠作为饲料添加剂可以促进大口黑鲈的生长、肌糖原的积累以及胆汁酸合成的增加,并会对肠道菌群组成产生影响。因此,脱氧胆酸钠可以作为大口黑鲈的一种饲料添加剂,研究成果将为进一步扩展胆汁酸盐在水产养殖中的应用提供重要的理论基础。 相似文献
3.
虾青素和角黄素对虹鳟肌肉着色和肝脏总抗氧化能力的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分别在基础饲料(对照组)中添加100 mg/kg的虾青素、角黄素,混合色素(50 mg/kg虾青素+50 mg/kg角黄素)饲喂初始体重为(56.60±0.63) g的虹鳟60 d,考察虾青素和角黄素对虹鳟肌肉着色和肝脏总抗氧化能力的影响。结果显示,饲料中添加了虾青素、角黄素和混合色素后对虹鳟增重率、饲料系数及肌肉常规成分、肌肉失水率、含肉率均无显著影响(P> 0.05)。虾青素组、角黄素组和混合色素组虹鳟肌肉的比色卡得分、红度、虾青素含量和血清总类胡萝卜素含量均比对照组有显著提高(P< 0.05);虾青素组虹鳟肌肉比色卡得分(26.25)和红度值(18.40)显著高于角黄素组(22.38, 14.13)和混合色素组(24.00, 15.70)(P< 0.05);虾青素组虹鳟肌肉虾青素含量为4.75 mg/kg (30 d)和6.45 mg/kg (60 d),均显著高于混合色素组的3.87 mg/kg (30 d)和5.48 mg/kg (60 d)(P< 0.05);在虹鳟血清总类胡萝卜素含量方面,虾青素组 > 混合色素组 > 角黄素组;虾青素组、角黄素组、混合色素组虹鳟肝脏的总抗氧化能力之间无显著差异(P> 0.05),分别为2.39 U/mg,2.25 U/mg,2.39 U/mg,均较对照组(2.03 U/mg)显著提高(P< 0.05)。上述结果表明：饲料中添加100 mg/kg虾青素、角黄素及虾青素+角黄素混合(1∶1)均能有效改善虹鳟肌肉颜色,提高肝脏总抗氧化能力,虾青素、虾青素+角黄素混合(1∶1)对虹鳟肌肉的着色效果优于角黄素。 相似文献
4.
为研究饲料添加酸化剂对大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)生长性能、抗氧化能力和肠道健康的影响,在基础饲料中分别添加0%、0.05%、0.10%、0.15%和0.20%的酸化剂,配制5组等氮等脂的实验饲料,分别投喂初始体重为(21.31 ± 0.18)g的大口黑鲈64天。结果显示,大口黑鲈增重率和特定生长率随着饲料中酸化剂添加量的提高呈先升后降的变化,在0.15%组均达到最大值。与对照组相比,饲料添加0.10%-0.15%的酸化剂显著降低了大口黑鲈饲料系数,显著提高了大口黑鲈全鱼粗脂肪含量和蛋白质沉积率以及对饲料干物质、粗脂肪和总能的表观消化率(P<0.05)。在饲料酸化剂添加量为0.15%时,大口黑鲈肠道脂肪酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。相比于对照组,0.15%组的甘油三酯含量和0.10%组的总胆固醇含量显著提高,0.10%组的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量显著降低(P<0.05)。饲料中酸化剂添加量在0.10%-0.15%时,大口黑鲈血清总抗氧化能力以及肠道总抗氧化能力和超氧化物歧化酶活性显著提高(P<0.05),血清谷草转氨酶活性和肝脏丙二醛含量显著降低(P<0.05)。0.15%组肠道绒毛长度、绒毛宽度、肌层厚度均显著大于对照组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,饲料中添加0.15%的酸化剂显著上调了大口黑鲈肠道抗氧化相关基因(Nrf2、CAT和Cu/Zn-SOD)的mRNA表达水平(P<0.05),显著上调了抑炎因子(IL-10)基因的mRNA表达水平(P<0.05),饲料中添加0.20%的酸化剂显著下调了促炎因子(TNF-α、IL-1β)基因的mRNA表达水平(P<0.05)。以增重率和饲料系数为评价指标,基于折线模型结果表明大口黑鲈饲料中酸化剂适宜添加量为0.148%-0.152%。总结,饲料中添加0.15%的酸化剂能够促进大口黑鲈的生长,提高抗氧化能力,降低肠道炎症水平以及维持肠道健康。 相似文献
5.
大口黑鲈对饲料中蛋氨酸需求量的评定 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6
为了评定大口黑鲈对饲料中蛋氨酸的最适需求量,配制了蛋氨酸含量分别为0.61%,0.82%,0.98%,1.21%,1.42%和1.59%的6水平等氮等能饲料(44.39%粗蛋白质,0.30%胱氨酸,19.81 kJ/g总能),以初始体重为(37.88±0.40)g的大口黑鲈为试验对象,进行了66 d的饲养试验。饲养试验在室内循环水养殖系统中进行,每饲料处理设3个重复,每重复放养试验鱼25尾。饲养试验采取表观饱食投喂,每天投喂两次(8:30和15:30)。试验期间水温(27±1)℃,溶解氧6 mg/L以上。结果表明,试验鱼的特定生长率、饲料效率、蛋白质效率、蛋白沉积率随着饲料中蛋氨酸水平从0.61%到1.21%的升高而显著提高(P<0.05),此后则呈降低的趋势。饲料中蛋氨酸水平对全鱼和肌肉中粗蛋白含量有显著影响(P<0.05);但各组间水分、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。0.61%蛋氨酸的饲料组的肝体比和脏体比显著大于其他组(P<0.05),其他组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。饲料中蛋氨酸水平显著影响血清溶菌酶活力,头肾白细胞吞噬活性及其呼吸爆发活性(P<0.05)。以特定生长率为评价指标经二次回归分析得出,当饲料中的胱氨酸占饲料蛋白质的0.68%时,大口黑鲈对饲料中蛋氨酸的最适需求量为1.22%,占饲料蛋白质的2.75%。 相似文献
6.
饲料中添加核苷酸对凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长、组织生化组成及非特异性免疫功能的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
选用960尾初始体重为(0.43?0.01) g 的凡纳滨对虾,随机分为8组,分别投喂基础饲料和7种添加核苷酸混合物(mix-NT)的试验饲料,5种核苷酸(5′-腺苷酸∶5′-胞苷酸∶5′-尿苷酸二钠∶5′-肌苷酸二钠∶5′-鸟苷酸二钠)按照质量比为1∶1∶1∶1∶1(W/W)混合,添加量分别为0.1、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0和1.2 g/kg 饲料,试验周期为5周。结果显示,当mixNT添加量为0.4 g/kg饲料时,凡纳滨对虾的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)和摄食量(FI)显著高于对照组(P<0.05),饲料系数(FCR)比对照组降低5.5%(P>0.05)。0.6和1.0 g/kg mix-NT添加组的蛋白质沉积率(PDR)显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组对虾存活率(SR)和肝胰指数(HSI)均不同程度的高于对照组,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。饲料中添加mix-NT对全虾粗脂肪、灰分含量的影响显著(P<0.05),各mix-NT添加组的全虾干物质和粗蛋白含量均高于对照组,但差异未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。肝胰腺RNA含量和总蛋白(TP)含量均随饲料中mix-NT添加量的增加而升高,其中0.2~1.0 g/kg组的肝胰腺RNA含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),TP含量差异未达到显著水平(P>0.05);各mixNT添加组的肠道TP含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),0.4和0.6 g/kg组的肠道RNA量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。外源mix-NT显著降低血清尿酸(UA)含量(P<0.05),但对TP、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。当mix-NT添加量为1.2 g/kg 饲料时,血清中谷草转氨酶(GOt)活性显著性升高(P<0.05)。鳃和肌肉酚氧化酶(PO)活性均在0.4 g/kg组达到最大,其中0.1～0.6 g/kg 组的鳃PO活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而各组肌肉PO活性无显著差异(P>0.05)。凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺和血清中溶菌酶(LZM)活性随饲料中mix-NT添加量的增加而显著升高(P<0.05)。结果表明,饲料中添加一定量的5种核苷酸混合物能显著提高凡纳滨对虾幼虾的增重率、特定生长率、摄食量、蛋白质沉积率、全虾粗脂肪和灰分含量,一定程度提高全虾粗蛋白和肝胰腺总蛋白含量,显著增加肝胰腺RNA、肠道总蛋白和RNA含量,提高对虾的非特异性免疫功能。 相似文献
7.
为研究发酵桑叶对大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)生长、代谢与抗氧化能力的影响,选用初始体重为11 g的大口黑鲈,随机分成3组,每组4个重复。分别饲喂基础饲料、含10%桑叶高脂饲料和含10%桑叶低蛋白饲料8周。试验结果表明:同基础饲料相比,饲料中添加发酵桑叶显著抑制低蛋白组大口黑鲈的生长,而不影响高脂组大口黑鲈的生长性能。基础饲料组大口黑鲈血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性以及甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(CHO)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量显著高于低蛋白组,与高脂组无显著差异,同时,低蛋白组血清中HDL-C/CHO和HDL-C/LDL-C比值显著高于基础饲料组和高脂组。试验组大口黑鲈血糖含量显著低于基础饲料组(P0.05)。饲料中添加发酵桑叶显著提高大口黑鲈血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性以及CAT/SOD比值。各组鱼体的水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量无显著差异。由此可见,饲料中添加发酵桑叶会降低大口黑鲈血脂、血糖,增强其机体的抗氧化作用。 相似文献
8.
为获得大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)雌性化逆转的最适参数, 建立伪雌鱼性别诱导和全雄苗种创制技术,
采用15 日龄(days post hatching, dph)且体长为(1.00±0.01) cm 的大口黑鲈幼鱼为实验对象, 投喂拌有17β-雌二醇
(17β-estradiol, 17β-E2)或曲洛斯坦(trilostane, TR)的人工配合饲料, 3 个实验组饲料分别含有30 mg/kg 17β-E2、
30 mg/kg TR 和20 mg/kg 17β-E2+10 mg/kg TR (依次命名为E30、TR30 和E20TR10), 对照组饲料不含17β-E2 和TR
(命名为C), 60 d 后停止投喂外源激素, 分析饲喂17β-E2 和TR 对大口黑鲈生长性能、雌性比例、性腺发育的影响;
12 月龄时, 采集各实验组伪雌鱼和对照组雌雄鱼血液和性腺组织, 检测性类固醇类激素含量、dmrt1 和cyp19a1a
基因表达水平及卵巢发育形态。结果表明, 饲喂外源雌性激素60 d 后, E30 和E20TR10 组的体长和体重显著低于C
组(P<0.05), TR30 组的体长和体重高于对照组但无显著差异(P>0.05), E30、TR30 和E20TR10 组雌性比例分别为
100.00%、0%、100.00%, C 组雌性比例为53.33%; 性腺组织切片结果显示, C 组卵巢有大量初级卵母细胞, E30 和
E20TR10 组遗传雄鱼出现卵巢腔、卵原细胞和卵母细胞, 而TR30 组雄鱼未发生性逆转; 12 月龄时, 各实验组伪雌
鱼比例未发生变化, C 组雌性比例为46.67%; E30 和E20TR10 组伪雌鱼的卵巢发育迟滞, 处于II 期; 此外, E30 和
E20TR10 组伪雌鱼血清中雌二醇(estradilol, E2)含量显著高于对照组雄鱼(P<0.05), TR30 组低于对照组雄鱼, 但无
显著差异(P>0.05), 各实验组血清中睾酮(testosterone, T)含量显著高于对照组雌鱼(P<0.05)。与对照组雄鱼相比,
E30 和E20TR10 组伪雌鱼cyp19a1a 表达量显著上调(P<0.05), dmrt1 表达量显著下调(P<0.05)。综上所述, 本研究
投喂30 mg/kg TR 未获得伪雌鱼, 而投喂30 mg/kg 17β-E2 和20 mg/kg 17β-E2+10 mg/kg TR 实验组均可获得大口黑
鲈伪雌鱼。12 月龄伪雌鱼卵巢处于II 期, 血清中E2 含量及卵巢中cyp19a1a 表达量均未到达正常雌鱼水平, 导致
卵巢发育迟滞。 相似文献
9.
为了探讨桑叶黄酮对凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）生长性能、体成分、血清生化和抗氧化指标的影响,选用初始体重为（1.32±0.01）g的凡纳滨对虾960尾,随机分为6组（每组4个重复,每个重复40尾）,分别投喂在基础饲料中添加0、10 mg/kg、50 mg/kg、100 mg/kg、150 mg/kg和300 mg/kg桑叶黄酮的实验饲料,饲养50 d后测定成活率、生长相关指标、血清生化指标、抗氧化指标及抗低氧胁迫能力。结果显示,饲料中添加桑叶黄酮对凡纳滨对虾成活率、增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数等无显著影响（P>0.05）。饲料中添加桑叶黄酮对凡纳滨对虾体成分无显著性影响（P>0.05）。添加150 mg/kg和300 mg/kg桑叶黄酮可显著提高凡纳滨对虾血清谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性（P<0.05）。添加10~300 mg/kg桑叶黄酮可显著提高血清和肝脏总抗氧化能力,显著降低肝胰腺丙二醛和脂质过氧化物的含量,添加50 mg/kg桑叶黄酮可提高血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性（P<0.05）。低氧胁迫2 h时,10 mg/kg、50 mg/kg组的累计死亡率显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;在低氧胁迫4 h时,10 mg/kg、50 mg/kg、100 mg/kg组的累计死亡率显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。结果表明,以血清总抗氧化能力为评价指标进行回归分析得出,桑叶黄酮在凡纳滨对虾饲料中的适宜添加量为56.18 mg/kg,添加10~100 mg/kg桑叶黄酮可提高凡纳滨对虾抗低氧胁迫能力。 相似文献
10.
饲料锌添加水平对凡纳滨对虾免疫抗菌机能和溶菌酶mRNA及Toll受体mRNA表达的影响 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
在基础饲料中添加不同水平蛋氨酸锌(添加水平分别为0、50、150 mg Zn/kg)并饲喂凡纳滨对虾,养殖14 d后,取样测定对虾鳃组织中Toll受体mRNA和溶菌酶mRNA的表达水平以及肝胰腺、肌肉和血淋巴中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和溶菌酶(LSZ)活性,并进行溶藻弧菌人工急性感染试验。结果表明,凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺及肌肉中锌蓄积水平随饲料锌添加量的增加而显著增加(P<0.05),肝胰腺中锌蓄积更明显。添加50 mg Zn/kg组(锌含量为73.25 mg Zn/kg饲料)对虾鳃组织中的Toll受体mRNA和溶菌酶mRNA表达量均显著高于未添加锌组和添加150 mg Zn/kg组(P<0.05)。添加50 mg Zn/kg组对虾肌肉、肝胰腺和血淋巴中溶菌酶活性显著高于未添加锌组(P<0.05)。添加50 mg Zn/kg组对虾肝胰腺和血淋巴中的SOD活性也显著高于未添加锌组,但与添加150 mg Zn/kg组无显著差异。而肌肉中SOD活性在添加150 mg Zn/kg组中最高。经溶藻弧菌人工急性感染后,添加50 mg Zn/kg组对虾半致死时间和全致死时间大于未添加锌组和添加150 mg Zn/kg组。本研究表明,相比摄食未添加锌组饲料和添加150 mg Zn/kg组饲料,凡纳滨对虾的免疫抗菌机能在摄取添加50 mg Zn/kg(锌含量为73.25 mg Zn/kg饲料)饲料时得到改善。 相似文献
11.
Yanbin Hou Yong Hou Lei Yao Sha Chen Jinghui Fan Lichun Qian 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(3):836-846
A 60‐day feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of chromium yeast (CY), tributyrin (TB) and bile acid (BA) on the snakehead (Channa argus). The control (CT) group was fed the basal diet, and the experimental groups were fed 200 mg/kg CY (concentration: 1,000 mg/kg), 2.5 g/kg TB (purity: 45%) or 1 g/kg BA (purity: 30%) in addition to the basal diet. The addition of CY, TB and BA statistically increased the weight gain rate, and specific growth rate, whereas the feeding rate and feed conversion ratio were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). When compared with the CT group, TB elevated the serum glutathion peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activity; and BA reduced low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) contents significantly (p < 0.05). The three feed additives reduced intestinal malonaldehyde (MDA) levels dramatically. Tributyrin significantly enhanced intestinal trypsin and pepsin activities (p < 0.05). The activity of fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase and pyruvate carboxylase in the group fed CY was significantly lower than in the CT group. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of the three additives enhanced growth performance of C. argus. Dietary supplementation of CY affected protein, glucose and lipid metabolism. Diets with TB levels improved intestinal digestive enzyme activity and antioxidant capacity. The addition of BA improved glycolipid metabolism. 相似文献
12.
为探讨胆汁酸对齐口裂腹鱼幼鱼生长、脂肪沉积、脂肪代谢及相关基因表达的影响;实验以360尾初始体质量为(12.74±0.14) g的健康齐口裂腹鱼幼鱼为对象,随机分为4组,每组设3个重复组,每个重复组放养30尾,分别投喂胆汁酸含量为0、75、150和300mg/kg的4种饲料,养殖时间为70 d。结果显示,随着胆汁酸含量的升高,齐口裂腹鱼的增重率(WGR)呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,且在胆汁酸含量为150 mg/kg时达到最大,为226.63%;其肠脂肪酶(LPS)、肝酯酶(HL)、脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)和总脂酶(TL)活性均呈先升高后趋于稳定的变化趋势;而脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)活性则呈相反的变化趋势;齐口裂腹鱼肝脏LPL mRNA表达量呈先上调后趋于稳定的变化趋势,FAS mRNA表达量呈先下调后趋于稳定的变化趋势;肝脏、肌肉及全鱼中粗脂肪含量均随胆汁酸含量的升高呈先降低后趋于稳定的变化趋势,胆汁酸含量对实验鱼的成活率及脂肪沉积效率无显著性影响。研究表明,本实验条件下,添加适量的胆汁酸可有效上调齐口裂腹鱼LPL mRNA的表达量,下调FAS mRNA的表达量,增强脂肪代谢酶活性,促进对饲料... 相似文献
13.
Koji Murashita Yasutoshi Yoshiura Shin-ichi Chisada Hirofumi Furuita Tsuyoshi Sugita Hiroyuki Matsunari Yasuro Iwashita Takeshi Yamamoto 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2014,40(2):511-525
Bile acid transporters belonging to the SLC10A protein family, Na+ taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP or SLC10A1), apical sodium-dependent bile salt transporter (ASBT or SLC10A2), and organic solute transporter alpha (Ost-alpha) have been known to play critical roles in the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids in mammals. In this study, ntcp, asbt, and ost-alpha-1/-2 cDNA were cloned, their tissue distributions were characterized, and the effects of fasting and bile acid administration on their expression were examined in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. The structural characteristics of Ntcp, Asbt, and Ost-alpha were well conserved in trout, and three-dimensional structure analysis showed that Ntcp and Asbt were similar to each other. Tissue distribution analysis revealed that trout asbt was primarily expressed in the hindgut, while ntcp expression occurred in the brain, and ost-alpha-1/-2 was mainly expressed in the liver or ovary. Although asbt and ost-alpha-1 mRNA levels in the gut increased in response to fasting for 4 days, ost-alpha-1 expression in the liver decreased. Similarly, bile acid administration increased asbt and ost-alpha-1 expression levels in the gut, while those of ntcp and ost-alpha-2 in the liver decreased. These results suggested that the genes asbt, ntcp, and ost-alpha are involved in bile acid transport in rainbow trout. 相似文献
14.
15.
Gabriel Mourente J. Gordon Bell Douglas R. Tocher 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2007,33(3):269-280
Fish are a rich source of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly the highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA)
eicosapentaenoic (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic (DHA; 22:6n-3) acids, which are vital constituents for cell membrane structure
and function, but which are also highly susceptible to attack by oxygen and other organic radicals. Resultant damage to PUFA
in membrane phospholipids can have serious consequences for cell membrane structure and function, with potential pathological
effects on cells and tissues. Physiological antioxidant protection involves both endogenous components, such as free-radical-scavenging
enzymes, and exogenous dietary micronutrients including tocopherols and tocotrienols, the vitamin E-type compounds widely
regarded as the primary lipid-soluble antioxidants. The antioxidant activities of tocopherols are imparted by their ability
to donate their phenolic hydrogen atoms to lipid (fatty acid) free radicals, resulting in the stabilization of the latter
and the termination of the lipid peroxidation chain reaction. However, tocopherols can also prevent PUFA peroxidation by acting
as quenchers of singlet oxygen. Recent studies on marine fish have shown correlations between dietary and tissue PUFA/tocopherol
ratios and incidence of lipid peroxidation, as indicated by the levels of thiobarbituric-acid reactive substances (TBARS)
and isoprostanes. These studies also showed that feeding diets containing oxidized oil significantly affected the activities
of liver antioxidant defence enzymes and that dietary tocopherol partially attenuated these effects. However, there is evidence
that dietary tocopherols can affect fatty acid metabolism in other ways. An increase in membrane PUFA was observed in rats
deficient in vitamin E. This was suggested to be due to overproduction of PUFA arising from increased activity of the desaturation/elongation
mechanisms responsible for the synthesis of PUFA. Consistent with this, increased desaturation of 18:3n-3 and 20:5n-3 in hepatocytes
from salmon fed diets deficient in tocopherol and/or astaxanthin has been observed. Although the mechanism is unclear, tocopherols
may influence the biosynthesis of n-3PUFA through alteration of cellular oxidation potential or peroxide tone. 相似文献
16.
以卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)鱼肉为原材料,以酶解产物与胆酸盐的体外结合率为指标,从5种常用食品用蛋白酶中筛选最优蛋白酶。进而采用正交法优化酶解条件,以提高酶解产物的胆酸盐结合率,并采用GPC法分析产物中蛋白肽的分子量分布情况。结果表明,胰蛋白酶酶解产物(100 mg·m L~(-1))与胆酸钠、甘氨胆酸钠和牛磺胆酸钠等3种胆酸盐的体外结合能力均好于其他4种蛋白酶,结合率分别达到42.1%、33.5%和30.1%,分别相当于降血脂药物考来烯胺散(20 mg·m L~(-1))的78.3%、74.4%和76.8%;经过正交试验优化的制备卵形鲳鲹蛋白肽的工艺条件为酶解时间2 h,加酶量2 000 U·g~(-1),料液比1∶4(g·m L~(-1)、p H 8、37℃)。该条件下酶解产物(20 mg·m L~(-1))对甘氨胆酸钠体外结合率达到同浓度阳性对照物(考来烯胺散)的48.3%,酶解产物中相对分子量3 k D以下的肽类组分占总蛋白水解物的77.30%。 相似文献
17.
This study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary CLA (Conjugated linoleic acid) levels on growth performance, fatty acid profiles and lipid metabolism of liver in Synechogobius hasta. Fish were fed six diets with fish oil replaced by 0 (control), 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 g kg?1 CLA for 8 weeks. Weight gain, WG, and SGR (specific growth rate) tended to increase when dietary CLA levels increased from 0 to 10 g kg?1 and then decline with further increasing dietary CLA levels to 25 g kg?1. FCR (feed conversion ratio) showed contrary trend with WG and SGR. The reduced VSI (vicero somatic index) and increased HSI (hepatosomatic index) were observed in fish fed increasing dietary CLA levels. Whole‐body lipid content declined, but hepatic lipid content increased with increasing dietary CLA levels. Dietary CLA modified total percentages of the main groups of fatty acids in liver. Hepatic 6PGD, ME and ICDH activities increased with increasing dietary CLA levels. FAS and G6PD were very variable and not related to dietary treatments. CPT I activities showed no significant differences among the treatments. Based on second‐order polynomial regression analysis of WG and FCR against dietary CLA level, 8.7–10.1 g kg?1 was indicated to be the optimal dietary CLA range for maximum growth and feed utilization for S. hasta. 相似文献
18.
Effect of dietary bile acids on growth,body composition,lipid metabolism and microbiota in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 J.S. Zhou H.J. Chen H. Ji X.C. Shi X.X. Li L.Q. Chen Z.Y. Du H.B. Yu 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2018,24(2):802-813
To investigate the effects of dietary bile acids (BA) on growth and metabolism of lipid in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella, C. idella) at high dietary lipid level, a basal diet (50 g kg–1 lipid, 5L group) was supplemented with 20 g kg–1 soybean oil (70 g kg–1 lipid, 7L group); then, 0.06 g/kg BA was added in 7L diet to form the third diet (7L+BA group). The 96 C. idella (69.86 ± 6.24 g) were divided into three groups (duplicate per group) and fed three diets, respectively, for 8 weeks, and then, growth and lipid metabolism were determined. Results showed that growth of fish in 7L+BA group was significantly higher than 5L and 7L groups. The lipid level in whole body, hepatopancreas and muscle of grass carp in 7L+BA group were significantly lower than 7L group. Relative expression of lipid catabolism genes in hepatopancreas and muscle of 7L+BA group was significantly higher than 5L group. The amount of microbiota in intestine of fish in 7L+BA group was significantly higher than the other two groups. The present results indicated that BA in 7L diet improved growth of fish by increasing protein synthesizing, decreasing lipid content in fish body and by regulating amount of microbiota in intestine of fish. 相似文献
19.
Lipid and amino acid metabolism during early development of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Lipid classes, fatty acids, free amino acidsand protein content in captive Atlantic halibut(Hippoglossus hippoglossus) eggs weremeasured to investigate the changes in thebiochemical composition of eggs and larvae inboth the embryonic and early larval stages.Total free amino acids decreased continuously(p < 0.01) over the embryonic and larval stagesinvestigated. Triacylglycerol was significantlygreater at hatch than at all other stages(p < 0.05). When hatching occurred, there wasalso a significant increase in all phospholipidclasses. It is suggested that free amino acidsmay be the source of carbon skeletons for lipidsynthesis at hatching. 相似文献
20.
A study was conducted to establish whether a particulate form of ascorbic acid (AA), ascorbyl‐2‐phosphate (A2P), could be used to enrich Artemia. In the first experiment, we examined the efficiency of A2P conversion to and maintenance of AA by juvenile Artemia (1.5 mm, 5‐day‐old) held at 9000 L?1 and 28 °C for 24 h. Maximal uptake and assimilation was >10 000 μg AA g?1 dry weight (dw) (representing >1%Artemia dw) at enrichment rates of ≥1.2 g A2P L?1. In the second experiment, a similar biomass of instar II/III nauplii (1 mm, 2‐day‐old) and juvenile (2.5 mm, 8‐day‐old) Artemia were enriched for 6 or 24 h at 28 °C before starvation for 6 or 24 h at 18 or 28 °C. At 0 h and after 6 and 24 h enrichment, AA levels were 485, 3468 and 11 080 μg g?1 dw in nauplii and 122, 4286 and 12 470 μg g?1 dw in juveniles. When Artemia nauplii or juveniles were enriched for 6 h and starved for 6 h at 18 or 28 °C, there was no significant reduction in AA. Continuation of starvation to 24 h at 18 and 28 °C reduced the level of AA to 3367 and 2482 μg g?1 dw in nauplii and 3068 and 2286 μg g?1 dw in juveniles. After 24 h enrichment, 6 h of starvation at 18 and 28 °C reduced AA to 8847 and 7899 μg g?1 dw in nauplii and to 9053 and 8199 μg g?1 dw in juveniles. Continuation of starvation to 24 h at 18 and 28 °C further reduced AA levels in nauplii to 6977 and 4078 μg g?1 dw and to 7583 and 5114 μg g?1 dw in juveniles. This study demonstrated that A2P could be assimilated as AA in the body tissue of different‐sized Artemia in a dose‐dependant manner and AA was depleted during starvation depending on time and temperature. 相似文献