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1.
通过Y8504“兔瘟”病毒株在乳鼠连续断代,建立了一株能适应于乳鼠中生长的病毒。此病毒株能规律地致死接种的乳鼠。用乳鼠适应毒株,在乳鼠成功地进行了“兔瘟”病毒对物理和化学因素作用抵抗力的检测以及血清中和试验。本研究中所得结果与成年兔中试验的结果几乎一致。因此,可能用乳鼠适应毒株和乳鼠代替兔适应毒株和成年兔子“兔瘟”病毒特性的研究。  相似文献   

2.
J A Levy 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1973,182(117):1151-1153
Murine leukemia virus activity is present in tissues from NIH Swiss and other mouse strains after cocultivation with nonvirus-yielding rat cells transformed by Harvey sarcoma virus. The resulting pseudotype sarcoma virus has the same type-specific coat as the virus previously isolated from New Zealand black (NZB) mice, and, like the NZB virus, it is unable to infect mouse cells. The results show that this NZB type virus is endogenous in other strains of mice and is xenotropic; that is, it grows only in cells foreign to the host. This is the first clear demonstration that NIH Swiss mice also carry indigenous infectious murine leukemia virus.  相似文献   

3.
It has been demonstrated that dengue virus can be propagated by intracerebral inoculation in mice. Although initial adaptation to the mouse is a tedious and difficult process, 16 consecutive passages have been achieved already in one series and further passages are in progress. The virus propagated in mice produced dengue in human volunters, but was not pathogenic for cotton rats, hamsters, guinea pigs or rabbits. Although it was evident that even after 2 serial passages in mice the virus produced a modified type of disease in human beings, tests with the 7th, 9th and 10th passage material indicated that the modification had become so marked that it could be used as a vaccine for the production of immunity against dengue.  相似文献   

4.
邵西群  闫喜军  柴秀丽  田洪 《特产研究》2007,29(1):12-13,26
根据狂犬病毒保守序列设计引物,利用反转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)建立了一种检测狂犬病毒的方法,以期实现对严重危及人和动物生命安全的狂犬病毒直接检测。  相似文献   

5.
陈建新  张瑞华  徐明举  利凯  徐彤 《安徽农业科学》2011,39(21):12920-12921,12935
[目的]确定分离的H9N2亚型猪流感病毒对小鼠的致病性。[方法]利用此株猪流感病毒对SPF级6～8周龄、雌性BALB/c小鼠进行滴鼻感染,观察小鼠临床症状,感染后第2、6和14天分别剖杀小鼠,摘取各主要脏器后对其进行病理学检查。[结果]感染小鼠出现精神不振、体重下降、引起以弥漫性肺泡损伤为主的临床症状和病理变化。[结论]该研究成功进行了H9N2猪流感病毒对BALB/c小鼠的感染,可以作为感染模型进行H9N2猪流感病毒的发病机制、疫苗评价、药物筛选等研究。  相似文献   

6.
[目的]对比狂犬病毒固定强毒株CVS-24、广西街毒株GX074、弱毒株rRC-HL和重组毒株rRC-HL△G感染小鼠后的临床症状及脑组织病理学变化,为揭示狂犬病毒的致病机理提供参考依据.[方法]将CVS-24、GX074、rRC-HL和rRC-HL△G分别通过脑内注射SPF级昆明小鼠,以注射DMEM为对照,每只小鼠注射30μL,攻毒后连续观察测量小鼠的体重和死亡情况,采取濒临死亡小鼠的脑组织制作石蜡切片,经HE染色后观察脑组织的病理变化.[结果]与DMEM组的小鼠相比,rRC-HL组小鼠攻毒后的体重先下降后恢复正常,而其他攻毒组小鼠的体重迅速下降直至死亡.DMEM组和rRC-HL组的小鼠在整个试验周期内未见死亡;CVS-24组、GX074组和rRC-HL△G组的小鼠在攻毒后全部发病死亡,其中,CVS-24组小鼠出现死亡的时间最早(攻毒后第5 d),且在攻毒后第6 d全部死亡.通过观察小鼠脑组织的病理学变化,发现rRC-HL组小鼠脑组织的炎症反应最严重,其神经纤维紊乱,神经元细胞变形,细胞边缘不清晰,少量细胞固缩甚至消失,海马回神经胶质细胞浸润,嗜神经现象明显,血管套现象严重;rRC-HL△G组次之;GX074组和CVS-24组小鼠的脑组织病变轻微,可见少量嗜神经现象.[结论]rRC-HL△G、GX074和CVS-24等3株狂犬病毒强毒株的临床症状更明显,发病死亡率达100%,但与弱毒株相比,其炎症反应较轻微,说明狂犬病毒强毒株可能是通过抑制机体脑组织中促炎因子的产生而抑制炎症反应出现,阻断其固有免疫反应,不利于机体对病毒的清除.  相似文献   

7.
应用抗狂犬病病毒的特异性抗体及免疫组织化学方法检测接种了狂犬病病毒SRV-9毒株感染的小鼠脑组织,并对狂犬病病毒抗原进行了组织定位分析。结果表明:在小鼠的小脑分子层蒲肯野氏细胞胞浆出现明显的局灶型阳性颗粒。说明免疫组织化学方法检测狂犬病病毒敏感度高、直观,可作为诊断狂犬病病毒的辅助性方法,对研究狂犬病病毒在脑组织神经细胞及其他组织器官内的分布具有一定的意义。  相似文献   

8.
Virazole is a synthetic nucleoside active in tissue culture against at least 16 DNA and RNA viruses. Applied topically, it inhibits herpetic keratitis in rabbits and tail lesions induced by herpes, vaccinia, and vesicular stomatitis viruses in mice. Injected intraperitoneally into mice, it inhibits splenomegaly and hepatomegaly induced by Friend leukemia virus and respiratory infections caused by influenza A(O), A(2), and B viruses and parainfluenza 1 virus. infections is also effective.  相似文献   

9.
【背景】低致病性H7N9病毒自2013年在我国首次出现以来,研究发现其对家禽均呈现低致病力,对哺乳动物模型小鼠也不表现任何的致病力。但是,2015年在湖南分离的1株低致病性H7N9病毒(简称HuN/S40726),却对哺乳动物小鼠表现为高致病力。分析、推测导致该病毒对哺乳动物致病力改变的原因可能在于该病毒PB2蛋白E627V的改变。【目的】为了揭示该病毒致病力的变化原因以及对哺乳动物致病性增强的机制,提供人类H7N9病毒感染、危害增强风险预警,展开该研究。【方法】选取2013年低致病性H7N9病毒代表株(简称SH/S1053)和上述湖南HuN/S40726病毒,开展了哺乳动物致病力对比试验以及可能导致病毒发生致病力变化的相关基因位点对比分析。然后以HuN/S40726病毒为模式毒株,利用反向遗传学技术,成功建立了病毒的反向遗传操作系统;利用基因点突变技术定点突变了HuN/S40726病毒PB2蛋白的627位氨基酸,救获了重组病毒r HuN/S40726、r HuN/S40726-PB2/627E和r HuN/S40726-PB2/627K。通过小鼠感染模型评估了以上3株重组突变病毒对哺乳动物的致病力,分析了PB2蛋白627位氨基酸的突变对小鼠致病力的差异。然后通过构建HuN/S40726病毒及其突变病毒的聚合酶复合表达质粒系统,以SH/S1053病毒为背景毒株构建聚合酶复合表达质粒系统作为对照,使用双荧光素酶法检测了PB2蛋白627位氨基酸的不同突变体在293T细胞中的聚合酶活性,进一步分析PB2蛋白627位氨基酸影响病毒毒力的内在机制。【结果】通过哺乳动物致病力对比试验以及可能导致病毒发生致病力变化的相关基因位点对比分析,推测导致HuN/S40726病毒对哺乳动物致病力改变的原因可能在于该病毒PB2蛋白E627V的改变。重组救获病毒和突变株对小鼠致病性试验结果显示,PB2蛋白E627V的改变显著的增强了HuN/S40726病毒对小鼠的致病力,使得病毒MLD50由≥6.5 log10EID50变化为3.5 log10EID50,病毒毒力增强了至少1 000倍以上。聚合酶活性试验结果表明,无论是在33℃还是37℃下,PB2蛋白E627V的改变,显著提高了HuN/S40726病毒在哺乳动物细胞中的聚合酶活性,与病毒对小鼠的致病性增强呈正相关性。【结论】PB2蛋白627位氨基酸(V)决定了HuN/S40726病毒对小鼠的高致病力。PB2蛋白E627V的改变能够显著增强HuN/S40726病毒在哺乳动物细胞中的聚合酶活性,是引起HuN/S40726病毒对哺乳动物致病力的重要因素。  相似文献   

10.
Mice inoculated with herpes simplex virus (type 1) by the lip or corneal route and then passively immunized with rabbit antibody to herpes simplex virus developed a latent infection in the trigeminal ganglia within 96 hours. Neutralizing antibody to herpes simplex virus was cleared from the circulation and could not be detected in most of these mice after 2 months. Examination of ganglia from the antibody-negative mice revealed latent virus in over 90 percent of the animals, indicating that serum neutralizing antibody is not necessary to maintain the latent state. When the lips or corneas of these mice were traumatized, viral reactivation occurred in up to 90 percent of the mice, as demonstrated by the appearance of neutralizing antibody. This study provides a model for identifying factors that trigger viral reactivation.  相似文献   

11.
Simian virus 40 in polio vaccine: follow-up of newborn recipients   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Soon after birth, when susceptibility to carcinogens should be enhanced, a group of children received oral polio vaccine which was later found to contain significant amounts of simian virus 40. Eight years after the incident, no cancer deaths have been observed among the vaccinated children, but continued surveillance is needed before concluding that simian virus 40 is innocuous to man.  相似文献   

12.
Susceptibility to two strains of Friend leukemia virus in mice   总被引：33，自引：0，他引：33  
A mutant strain of the Friend leukemia virus is described. The parental virus strain, passaged through ICR/Ha mice, shows no or very little activity by the spleen-focus assay in BALB/c mice (by comparison with highly susceptible DBA/2 and ICR/Ha mice) and produces typical Friend disease in these mice only exceptionally; susceptibility to this strain of virus is recessive in the (C57BL/6 x DBA/2) F(1). By contrast, the mutant virus strain is as active in BALB/c mice as in DBA/2 or ICR/Ha mice; susceptibility to the mutant virus strain is dominant in the (C57BL/6 x DBA/2) F(1).  相似文献   

13.
Leukemia, lymphoma, and osteogenic and anaplastic sarcomas develop in Syrian golden hamsters inoculated intravenously at 3 weeks of age with simian virus 40, which is a popova virus. Previously, only RNA and herpes DNA viruses have been recognized as capable of inducing leukemia and lymphoma in mammals. The significance of these findings is emphasized in relation to the nature of viral agents that may be involved in analogous diseases of man.  相似文献   

14.
Newborn mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus are not immunologically tolerant to the agent but, rather, appear to make antibody to the virus. This antibody was detectable only in the kidneys, where presumably it had been deposited in the glomeruli in the form of complexes of antibody, virus, and complement.  相似文献   

15.
Hamster lens epithelium infected with simian virus 40 underwent transformation in vitro and produced tumors when injected into homologous hosts. Undisturbed lens epithelium in man and experimental animals has not been observed to undergo neoplastic change. The virus-induced tumors contained undifferentiated cells that were either polygonal or spindle-shaped. Their origin from lens epithelium seems certain since it is possible to isolate this unique structure free of connective tissue and blood vessels.  相似文献   

16.
【目的】将H9N2亚型禽流感病毒在豚鼠体内连续性传播9代后,能够稳定的在豚鼠间传播,可见H9N2亚型禽流感病毒对哺乳动物的感染能力以及在哺乳动物间传播的能力还是很强的。因此,使用此株病毒A/Chicken/Jinan/Li-2/2010(H9N2)简称JN,应用小鼠动物模型,研究H9N2亚型流感病毒在小鼠肺内适应性传代后对小鼠的致病力,以及传代过程中流感病毒的变异。检测和筛选流感病毒致病性变异的关键氨基酸位点,探索H9N2亚型流感病毒变异的分子机制。【方法】将一株H9N2亚型禽流感病毒A/Chicken/Jinan/Li-2/2010（H9N2）在小鼠的肺脏进行传代,将小鼠解剖、摘除肺部、研磨离心后经滴鼻接种下一代小鼠,传播九代后,用MDCK细胞扩繁病毒,得到鼠肺适应株JN-P9-2-M1;扩增、克隆传代病毒JN-P5-2-M1和JN-P9-2-M1的全基因测序,推断各基因编码的氨基酸,与JN原代病毒(P0)的核苷酸和氨基酸相比对,得到各代次病毒核苷酸与氨基酸变化的位点;解剖小鼠,获得小鼠的肺脏、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、脑和肠,滴定各组织中的病毒滴度,检测病毒的组织噬性;乙醚麻醉小鼠后,每个病毒稀释度鼻内接种3只小鼠,检测小鼠的幸存率和发病率;采集攻毒小鼠的肺部,固定后进行病理切片和免疫组化,比较JN原代病毒与JN-P9-2-M1对小鼠肺部的损害。【结果】JN-P9-2-M1对小鼠的致病性明显提高,其MLD50为103.5EID50,106EID50、105EID50、104EID50攻毒剂量的小鼠幸存率是0,而原毒JN对小鼠不致死,JN-P9-2-M1对小鼠的致病性比原毒提高了至少1 000倍;攻入JN-P9-2-M1病毒剂量为106-103EID50的小鼠,体重明显减少,临床症状也很明显,攻毒后3-8 d,小鼠表现精神萎靡、被毛零乱、呼吸急促、弓背等症状,而原毒JN在106EID50时,小鼠的体重变化率都跟阴性对照组相似;JN-P5-2-M1和JN-P9-2-M1同原毒JN的受体结合特性相同,都是只能特异性结合SAa-2,6Gal受体,具有人样流感病毒的受体结合特性;JN病毒仅能在小鼠肺部检测到,病毒滴度很高,而JN-P9-2-M1不仅在小鼠肺部有很高的滴度,在小鼠的肝脏、脾脏、肾脏和脑部都能检测到。【结论】 JN-P9-2-M1对小鼠的致病性明显提高,比原毒提高了至少1 000倍;PB2 E627K、HA N313D和HA N496S等3个位点可能是病毒对小鼠致病力初步提高的原因,而PA L342I和NA N218T这两个点突变,就有可能是进一步提高病毒对小鼠致病力的关键位点。  相似文献   

17.
HTLV-III in the semen and blood of a healthy homosexual man   总被引：39，自引：0，他引：39  
Human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) is the probable etiologic agent for the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). HTLV-III was isolated from semen and blood of a healthy homosexual man whose serum contains antibodies to HTLV-III. The finding of virus in semen supports epidemiologic data that suggest that AIDS can be transmitted sexually. In addition, the demonstration of HTLV-III in the blood and semen of a healthy individual establishes an asymptomatic, virus-positive carrier state which may be important in the dissemination of HTLV-III and, consequently, AIDS.  相似文献   

18.
The mouse-adapted strain of poliovirus type 2 (Lansing) induces fatal poliomyelitis in mice after intracerebral inoculation, whereas mice inoculated with poliovirus type 1 (Mahoney) show no signs of disease. Previous work indicated that the adaptation to mouse virulence is associated with the viral capsid proteins and that mutations in neutralization antigenic site I of poliovirus reduce neurovirulence of the Lansing strain in mice. The role of antigenic site I in mouse neurovirulence was further explored by constructing an antigenic hybrid virus. Six amino acids in antigenic site I of the Mahoney strain were replaced with a sequence specific for the Lansing strain by using a mutagenesis cartridge. The hybrid virus was neutralized by polyclonal antisera elicited by the type 1 and type 2 strains of poliovirus and by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies directed against antigenic site I of type 2 virus. The hybrid virus induced paralytic disease in mice, an observation demonstrating that a short sequence of amino acids in antigenic site I is an important determinant of poliovirus host range. Antigenic site I may be involved in attachment of poliovirus to cells of the mouse central nervous system.  相似文献   

19.
Lassa fever is a severe febrile illness of man, first recognized in West Africa in 1969. During an epidemic in Sierra Leone, Lassa virus was isolated for the first time from wild rodents of Mastomys natalensis. A high prevalence of infected Mastomys was found in houses occupied by patients with Lassa fever. The data presented provide the first demonstration of an extra-human cycle of Lassa virus transmission and suggest that rodent control may be an effective method of limiting the disease.  相似文献   

20.
The gene designated gamma 134.5 maps in the inverted repeats flanking the long unique sequence of herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) DNA, and therefore it is present in two copies per genome. This gene is not essential for viral growth in cell culture. Four recombinant viruses were genetically engineered to test the function of this gene. These were (i) a virus from which both copies of the gene were deleted, (ii) a virus containing a stop codon in both copies of the gene, (iii) a virus containing after the first codon an insert encoding a 16-amino acid epitope known to react with a specific monoclonal antibody, and (iv) a virus in which the deleted sequences were restored. The viruses from which the gene was deleted or which carried stop codons were avirulent on intracerebral inoculation of mice. The virus with the gene tagged by the sequence encoding the epitope was moderately virulent, whereas the restored virus reacquired the phenotype of the parent virus. Significant amounts of virus were recovered only from brains of animals inoculated with virulent viruses. Inasmuch as the product of the gamma 134.5 gene extended the host range of the virus by enabling it to replicate and destroy brain cells, it is a viral neurovirulence factor.  相似文献   

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