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1.
外源NO对低温胁迫下龙眼幼苗生理特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《热带作物学报》2017,(9)
研究外源一氧化氮(NO)对5℃低温胁迫下龙眼幼苗生理特性的影响。结果表明:低温胁迫下,龙眼幼苗叶片中的SOD、POD和CAT活性降低,叶绿素、可溶性糖和蛋白质含量下降,丙二醛含量升高。喷施硝普钠(SNP、NO供体)显著提高龙眼幼苗的叶绿素、可溶性糖和蛋白质含量,提高净光合速率,增强SOD、POD和CAT活性,降低丙二醛含量和电解质渗透率;其中150μmol/L SNP处理效果最好。可见,外源NO通过刺激抗氧化酶活性来清除活性氧,减轻膜脂过氧化作用,缓解低温胁迫对龙眼幼苗的伤害作用,提高龙眼的抗低温胁迫能力。 相似文献
2.
研究不同浓度的外源NO供体硝普钠（sodium nitroprusside, SNP）溶液对8 ℃低温胁迫下豇豆幼苗生长和生理特性的影响,结果表明,0.5~1.5 mmol/L外源NO处理下,豇豆幼苗叶面积、根冠比、壮苗指数有所提高,脯氨酸（Pro）、可溶性蛋白和叶绿素含量增加,丙二醛（MDA）含量降低。过高或过低浓度的外源NO对低温胁迫下豇豆幼苗生长的缓解作用均不显著,过低浓度的外源NO会促进MDA累积。在低温胁迫下,适当浓度的外源NO能促进脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白的形成,提高叶绿素含量,降低膜脂过氧化程度,从而增强豇豆幼苗对低温胁迫的适应性。 相似文献
3.
研究外源 NO 对干旱胁迫生理生化反应。以15％聚乙二醇（PEG 6000）模拟干旱胁迫,0．5 mmol·L－1的外源 NO 供体（SNP）处理对茶树幼苗叶片游离脯氨酸、丙二醛（MDA）的含量及保护酶活性的影响。结果表明,一定浓度的 SNP 缓解干旱胁迫伤害的效果较好,显著提高了受干旱胁迫茶树幼苗叶片的保护酶（CAT）活性和游离脯氨酸含量,并降低了 MDA 的含量。表明外源 NO 通过提高干旱胁迫下渗透调节物质含量和保护酶活性,降低 MDA 的含量,缓解干旱胁迫对茶树幼苗的损伤,增强植株的抗旱性。 相似文献
4.
以闽西地方茄子品种‘胭脂茄’种子和幼苗为试材,用不同浓度SNP（0、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、1.0、1.5 mmol/L）浸种6 h,分别在28℃和4℃暗培养处理3 d后转入培养箱进行常规培养萌发,统计各处理的发芽指标;对胭脂茄幼苗叶面喷施不同浓度SNP（0、0.1、0.3、0.5、0.8、1.0、1.2、1.5 mmol/L）预处理3 d后,于10℃/5℃下进行低温胁迫,通过测定幼苗的株高、茎粗、鲜重、干重及叶片中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性,可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量以及丙二醛（MDA）含量,研究低温胁迫下外源一氧化氮（NO）预处理后对种子萌发、幼苗生长及相关生理生化特征的影响。结果表明,外源NO供体SNP预处理后,胭脂茄种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数的变化趋势均随着SNP浓度的升高呈先增加后减少变化,SNP浓度为0.2 mmol/L时,种子萌发各指标达到最大,SNP浓度超过0.5 mmol/L时各指标降低;施加低浓度（0.1~1.0 mmol/L）SNP预处理能够增加胭脂茄幼苗株高、茎粗、鲜重和干重,可以增加幼苗叶片中可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量、提高超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性,降低幼苗叶片中MDA累积,SNP浓度为0.5 mmol/L时CAT活性最高,其余各项指标以SNP浓度为0.8 mmol/L时达到最佳,高浓度SNP对各项指标产生抑制作用。研究结果表明低温胁迫下低浓度SNP预处理后可有效保护胭脂茄种子萌发和幼苗生长,浓度过高反而造成伤害。本研究结果为合理使用外源NO促进胭脂茄种子萌发和幼苗生长提供理论依据,为闽西地区有效防御茄子低温冷害提供应用价值。 相似文献
5.
外源一氧化氮对盐胁迫下水稻根部脂质过氧化的缓解作用 总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26
在100 mmol/L NaCl的胁迫条件下，研究了两种浓度的一氧化氮供体硝普钠（sodium nitroprusside，SNP）处理对水稻幼苗根部脂质过氧化的影响。低浓度（10 μmol/L）的SNP处理明显缓解盐胁迫下水稻幼苗根组织膜脂过氧化产物MDA的累积，显著提高可溶性蛋白含量，并诱导根系APX、POD和SOD活性的上升；而高浓度（50 μmol/L）SNP处理的效果则基本相反。表明外源低浓度NO可以通过提高盐胁迫下水稻幼苗根组织的抗氧化能力来缓解氧化损伤。 相似文献
6.
外源亚精胺对盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗耐盐性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨盐胁迫下不同浓度外源亚精胺处理对黄瓜幼苗耐盐性的影响,以“津春四号”黄瓜为试验材料,在人工气候培养条件下,采用基质培育法研究了不同浓度(0、50、100、150、200、250 mg/L)外源亚精胺对200 mmol/L NaCl胁迫条件下的黄瓜幼苗各项形态指标和叶绿素含量、丙二醛含量、电解质渗透率、可溶性糖含量以及蔗糖含量等生理指标的影响.结果表明:盐胁迫下,经外源Spd预处理的黄瓜幼苗各项形态指标和叶绿素含量显著升高;100 mg/L的Spd处理可显著降低叶片丙二醛含量,最大降幅可达47.4％;100 mg/L Spd处理浓度可显著降低黄瓜幼苗相对电导率;较高浓度的Spd处理,可显著提高幼苗可溶性糖含量,而较低浓度的Spd处理,可提高幼苗蔗糖含量.综合各项生理指标,盐胁迫下Spd处理可显著缓解黄瓜幼苗的盐害,提高幼苗的抗盐性. 相似文献
7.
为了给小麦抗盐育种和盐渍土小麦丰产栽培提供理论依据,本试验以SNP为外源NO供体,分析不同浓度外源NO浸种对盐胁迫（100 mmol·L-1 NaCl）下小麦幼苗叶片MDA含量、叶绿素含量、SOD活性和CAT活性的影响。结果表明,不同浓度NO可以显著降低盐胁迫后叶片中MDA含量,显著提升叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量,显著增强SOD和CAT活性（P<0.05）,其中以0.06 mmol·L-1 SNP浸种处理效果最好。因此,外源NO对盐胁迫小麦幼苗的生长有一定的缓解作用。 相似文献
8.
以玉米品种先玉335和良玉99经高温高湿老化的种子为试材,通过外源一氧化氮(NO)供体硝普钠(SNP)的不同浓度溶液浸种处理并进行发芽试验,研究老化玉米种子的发芽、活力特性及萌发后幼苗的生理反应。结果表明,老化玉米种子在一定的SNP浓度时,两个品种均表现为生活力、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数显著高于对照(P0.05),其中当SNP浓度为1.50和1.25 mmol/L时以上各指标达最高;当SNP浓度为1.25 mmol/L时,老化玉米种子萌发后幼苗的SOD、POD和CAT等活性酶含量最高(P0.05),其次是1.00 mmol/L处理。经SNP处理的老化种子提高了幼苗内的游离脯氨酸含量和可溶性糖含量,但对MDA含量没有显著影响(P0.05)。综合而言,SNP浓度为1.25 mmol/L时,老化玉米种子的萌发能力、活力及幼苗生理特性改善和提高效果最显著。 相似文献
9.
外源ABA对寒地冬小麦东农冬麦1号幼苗生长及抗冷性的影响 总被引：15，自引：4，他引：11
为给高寒地区冬小麦返青率的提高提供依据,以抗寒品种东农冬麦1号为试验材料,在添加ABA(浓度分别为0、10-4、10-5、10-6、10-7mol/L)的琼脂(3%)培养基上暗培养(温度2～4℃,培养盒倾斜45°角),第11天分别调查胚芽和根系生长状况,研究了外源ABA对冬小麦幼苗生长及抗冷性的影响.结果表明,外源ABA对小麦的抗冷性有很大影响,低浓度的ABA可以促进低温下小麦的生长,提高其抗冷性,而高浓度则抑制生长.ABA提高小麦抗冷性的最适浓度为10-7mol/L.苗期低温下,ABA可以提高叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量,增加SOD活性,降低膜透性.根浸ABA对提高幼苗抗冷效果要强于叶喷ABA. 相似文献
10.
硝普钠对低温胁迫下枇杷幼果线粒体AsA-GSH循环代谢的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
探讨外源一氧化氮供体硝普钠(sodium nitroprusside,SNP)处理对低温胁迫下"早钟6号"枇杷(Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.cv.Zaozhong No.6)幼果线粒体抗氧化系统的影响。以不同浓度的SNP处理"早钟6号"枇杷幼果后再经-3℃低温胁迫处理,测定幼果线粒体的抗氧化物质和抗氧化酶活性的变化。结果表明,低温胁迫下,经0.2和0.5 mmol/L SNP处理的枇杷幼果线粒体过氧化氢(H2O2)和丙二醛(MDA)含量均低于对照(CK),而还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和抗坏血酸(AsA)含量以及抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX,EC 1.11.1.11)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR,EC 1.6.4.2)、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR,EC 1.8.5.1)和单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDHAR,EC 1.6.5.4)活性均高于CK,但采用1.0 mmol/L较高浓度的SNP处理对提高枇杷幼果抗氧化能力的作用不明显。适当的外源NO处理可提高枇杷幼果线粒体GSH和AsA抗氧化剂的含量以及APX、GR、DHAR和MDHAR酶的活性,降低H2O2和MDA含量,减轻细胞的氧化损伤,增强枇杷幼果在低温胁迫下的抗寒能力。 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
16.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
17.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
18.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
19.
Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献
20.
Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献