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1.
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2.
A common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) was presented for necropsy after acute onset of gastrointestinal signs and cutaneous lesions that rapidly progressed to death. Gross and microscopic findings were characterized by locally extensive severe necrohemorrhagic fasciitis and cellulitis, and severe necrotizing myositis in the head and dorsocranial thorax, with numerous disseminated gram-positive cocci. Streptococcus agalactiae was isolated from the lesions and from visceral organs (liver and lung), and it was identified by standard microbiology techniques. This communication is the first report of necrotizing fasciitis in a marine mammal associated with S. agalactiae.  相似文献   

3.
A 5-month-old, intact female Great Dane was presented for an acute onset of rapidly progressive lameness, severe pain, and diffuse swelling of the right hind limb. Ultrasound evaluation revealed echogenic fluid pockets extending along fascial planes of the right hind limb, from the proximal femur to the hock. Necrotic soft tissues were debrided, and closed-suction drains were placed. No foreign material was identified at surgery. Fluid culture identified a beta-hemolytic Streptococcus sp., and affected fascial histopathology was consistent with necrotizing fasciitis. Postoperatively, the puppy was managed with intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics, local infusions of amikacin, and daily physical rehabilitation. Oral pentoxifylline was administered to treat bronchopneumonia and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome that developed secondary to necrotizing fasciitis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a successfully managed case of beta-hemolytic, streptococcal, necrotizing fasciitis successfully managed after a single surgical debridement in combination with systemic broad-spectrum antibiotics, local amikacin infusion, active closed-suction drainage, daily cytology, massage, and passive range-of-motion exercises to maintain limb function.  相似文献   

4.
Objective – To describe the clinical course of a cat diagnosed with Fournier's gangrene.
Case Summary – A 2-year-old castrated male cat was presented to an emergency hospital for evaluation of acute onset of lethargy, mucoid anal discharge, and fever. During hospitalization, with provision of supportive care, an area of necrotizing fasciitis around the prepuce and anus developed and surgical debridement was performed. Severe sepsis developed secondary to the necrotizing fasciitis and the cat was eventually euthanized.
New Information Provided – The purpose of this report is to document the first case of Fournier's gangrene in a cat that presented for mucoid anal discharge, lethargy, and mild ataxia, and to alert emergency clinicians to this disease process. Early detection of the disease with prompt, aggressive supportive care and surgical debridement is necessary for successful treatment.  相似文献   

5.
Three independent, fatal outbreaks of Streptococcus canis infection occurred in a 2-year period in shelter cats. The outbreaks occurred in Northern California (Yolo County), Southern California (Kern County), and North Carolina (Guilford County). An estimation of the affected population is >150 cats among 3 affected shelters, with a mortality rate of up to 30%. Among 20 cats submitted for necropsy there were 2 distinct pathologic presentations. The first (shelters 1 and 2) was skin ulceration and chronic respiratory infection that progressed, in some cats, to necrotizing sinusitis and meningitis. The second (shelter 3) was rapid progression from necrotizing fasciitis with skin ulceration to toxic shock-like syndrome, sepsis, and death. S canis was the sole pathogen identified in most cases. Whether hypervirulent S canis strains exist is unknown; there is little understanding of how these bacteria cause invasive disease in cats.  相似文献   

6.
A red-bellied piranha (Pygocentrus nattereri), kept as a pet by a private owner, was presented for multifocal ulcerative lesions. Lesion biopsies were collected under general anesthesia and submitted for histopathologic and microbiologic examination. Histological examination revealed a bacterial necrotizing ulcerative dermatitis. From cultural analysis of the biopsy, Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella ictaluri were isolated. Multidrug resistance was observed in both isolates, except for neomycin and ceftazidime. Intramuscular injections of ceftazidime 22 mg/kg were administered until complete healing of the wound, except for small dermal scars that remained following treatment. Given that the piranha was maintained alone since it was purchased, except for occasional feedings with fresh nonfrozen goldfish, horizontal transmission of the infection from the prey species was considered the source of infection.  相似文献   

7.
《Veterinary microbiology》2015,175(2-4):218-223
Herpesviruses are significant pathogens of chelonians which most commonly cause upper respiratory tract disease and necrotizing stomatitis. Herpesvirus infection was identified in two populations of captive Eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) using histopathology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with DNA sequencing. Necrotizing lesions with eosinophilic to amphophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were identified in the tissues of one hatch-year individual in January 2013, which was herpesvirus positive by PCR. A separate captive group of adults had an observed herpesvirus prevalence of 58% using PCR in July 2011. In these cases, a novel herpesvirus, Terrapene herpesvirus 1 (TerHV1), was identified and serves as the first herpesvirus sequenced in the genus Terrapene. Similar to the other herpesviruses of the Order Testudines, TerHV1 clusters with the genus Scutavirus of the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae.  相似文献   

8.
A free-ranging juvenile male black bear (Ursus americanus), found dead in Alberta, Canada, had severe nonsuppurative encephalitis. Lesions in the brain were most severe in the gray matter of the cerebral cortex, and included perivascular cuffs of lymphocytes and plasma cells, areas of gliosis that disrupted the neuropil, and intralesional protozoan schizonts. The left hindlimb had suppurative myositis associated with Streptococcus halichoeri. Immunohistochemistry and molecular analyses (PCR and sequencing of 4 discriminatory loci: 18S rDNA, ITS-1 rDNA, cox1, rpoB) identified Sarcocystis canis or a very closely related Sarcocystis sp. in the affected muscle and brain tissues. The main lesion described in previously reported cases of fatal sarcocystosis in bears was necrotizing hepatitis. Fatal encephalitis associated with this parasite represents a novel presentation of sarcocystosis in bears. Sarcocystosis should be considered a differential diagnosis for nonsuppurative encephalitis in bears.  相似文献   

9.
During recent years protozoa of the Neospora genus have been identified as a major cause of bovine abortions world wide (Barr et al. 1991, Mcintosh & Haines 1994, Thornton et al. 1991, Yaeger et al. 1994). A presumptive diagnosis of Neospora abortion can be made on the foetal histopathology as infected foetuses have a distinctive pattern of multifocal necrotizing and non-suppurative encephalitis often with an accompanying nonsuppurative myocarditis and a varying degree of focal inflammation in other organs (Barr et al. 1990, Thornton et al. 1991). However, confirming the diagnosis of Neospora abortion requires detection of protozoa in foetal tissues that react positively by immunohistochemistry with Neospora specific antisera (Barr et al. 1990, 1991).  相似文献   

10.
Chlamydia pecorum (designated 22–58) was isolated in 2010 in HmLu-1 cells from the jejunum of a calf which died of necrotizing enterocolitis in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. Immunohistochemical staining identified C. pecorum positive reactions in the jejunal villi. C. pecorum, designated 24–100, was isolated from the feces of a calf with diarrhea in another farm in Yamaguchi Prefecture in 2012. A significant increase in neutralizing antibody titers against C. pecorum was confirmed in paired sera. Nucleotide sequence identities of omp1 genes of the 2 isolates were 100%. The isolates were genetically and antigenically more closely related to C. pecorum Bo/Yokohama strain isolated from cattle with enteritis in Japan than to the other prototype strains, Bo/Maeda isolated from cattle with pneumonia and Ov/IPA isolated from sheep with polyarthritis. These results indicate that C. pecorum strains similar to 22–58 and 24–100 might be endemic in Yamaguchi Prefecture and cause enteric disease in cattle.  相似文献   

11.
Necrotizing fasciitis is a rapidly spreading, bacterial, soft-tissue infection reported in both humans and dogs. A review of the pathophysiology, clinical findings, diagnosis, and treatment of necrotizing fasciitis is presented, with the goal of familiarizing veterinarians with this uncommon but potentially fatal condition. A case report highlighting the fulminant course of this disease is also included.  相似文献   

12.
A great Dane dog was presented with a small, superficial wound on the left tarsus that rapidly progressed to a large necrotic area. The dog had undergone radiation therapy in the left tarsal region 33 months previously. Necrotizing fasciitis was diagnosed on histopathological examination, and bacterial culture revealed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius.  相似文献   

13.
Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protozoan pathogen that infects many endothermic vertebrates, including humans; the domestic cat and other felids serve as the definitive host. Macropodids are considered highly susceptible to toxoplasmosis. Here, we describe the clinical, pathologic, and immunohistochemical findings of an outbreak of systemic toxoplasmosis in a mob of 11 red kangaroos (Macropus rufus), with high morbidity (73%) and mortality (100%) rates. Affected animals had either severe and rapidly deteriorating clinical conditions or sudden death, which was correlated with widespread necrotizing lesions in multiple organs and intralesional T. gondii organisms identified via MIC3-specific immunohistochemistry and confirmed by REP529-specific rtPCR. Quantification of parasites demonstrated the highest parasite density in pulmonary parenchyma compared with other tissues. Our study highlights the continued importance of this severe condition in Australian marsupials.  相似文献   

14.
Abstract

CASE HISTORY: A 2-year-old Hereford bull was lame for one week before becoming recumbent.

CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS: The scrotum and ventral perineal region were cold and blackened caudally. The semimembranosus and semitendinosus muscles were firm on palpation. The bull was subject to euthanasia, and necropsy revealed that the skin and S/C tissues of the caudal half of the scrotum were grey and necrotic. The caudal and distal aspects of the semimembranosus and semitendinosus muscles were grey and necrotic to a depth of approximately 15 cm, and these changes appeared to track along fascial planes. The tissue had an offensive smell, and large amounts of flocculent, watery, brown fluid and some gas were present. Histology of affected muscle and S/C tissues revealed coagulative necrosis, with oedema and large numbers of bacteria that were predominantly Gram-positive rods. Adjacent blood vessels contained thrombi while the epidermis overlying the affected areas appeared diffusely necrotic, suggesting infarction. Culture of the fluid yielded a pure growth of Arcanobacterium spp., which was identified as Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, using an API Coryne biochemical test strip.

DIAGNOSIS: Necrotising fasciitis and myositis due to Arcanobacterium haemolyticum.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Arcanobacterium haemolyticum has not previously been reported as a cause of necrotising fasciitis in any species. Necrotising fasciitis is probably an under-reported condition in cattle due to its clinical similarity to clostridial disease.  相似文献   

15.
A 2-year-old Dachshund was presented for vomiting and diarrhea. Abdominal ultrasound revealed Dirofilaria immitis in the abdominal aorta and an avascular segment of small intestine. The dog was euthanized. Necropsy revealed D. immitis in the abdominal aorta and widespread necrotizing arteriolitis. This is a unique presentation of aberrant migration of D. immitis.  相似文献   

16.
A 2-month-old, intact male Merino sheep was presented for acute inappetence and pyrexia. Contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography identified reticulorumenal intramural gas with suspected ruminal ulceration, arborizing portal venous gas, and mild peritoneal fluid. The lamb was treated medically for presumptive ulcerative reticulorumenitis and non-septic peritonitis. Over 10 days, the lamb initially showed mild improvement before clinical deterioration and was ultimately euthanized. Definitive diagnosis of necrotizing, ulcerative reticulorumenitis was made via necropsy with histopathology. An underlying cause was not determined.Key clinical message:Contrast-enhanced computed tomography was effective in identifying gastric emphysema and portal venous gas associated with reticuloruminal ulceration.  相似文献   

17.
An 18-month-old castrated male ferret (Mustela putorius furo) was presented to the veterinary hospital for acute collapse but died despite initiation of emergency treatment. The body was submitted for a complete postmortem examination. The pathologist determined the ferret was suffering from severe necrotizing encephalitis, necrogranulomatous mediastinal lymphadenitis, and ulcerative dermatitis attributable to systemic Candida parapsilosis. This is the first report of systemic Candida parapsilosis in a ferret.  相似文献   

18.
Lesions of the peritendinous–periligamentous soft tissues of the tarsus (plantar fasciitis) commonly result in a curb-like appearance and are considered overrepresented in Standardbred racehorses; however, plantar fasciitis is also quite common in endurance horses. Nineteen endurance horses of different ages (median: 7 years; range: 3–13) and athletic activity level comprising a total number of 25 plantar fasciitis cases were described in this study. In nine cases, injury developed during a training session, and in 16 cases, it developed during competition. In 18 cases, there was swelling, heat and pain on palpation, and in six cases, only swelling was detected. Eight cases were not lame at the time of examination, while in 17 cases, lameness ranged from grades 1–3 on the American Association of Equine Practitioners modified grading scale. The degree of swelling was significantly related to the lameness grade. Ultrasonography revealed differing amounts of thickening of the plantar fascia plantar to the superficial digital flexor tendon and peritendinous–periligamentous oedema of heterogeneous appearance. Horses were treated conservatively with several combinations of rest, controlled exercise, ice-therapy, corticosteroids, local application of working counterirritants and therapeutic shoeing. Seventeen of 25 cases (68%) did not develop re-injury after treatment and rehabilitation, whilst eight of 25 (32%) developed one or more re-injury/injuries. Overall, 21 of 25 cases (84%) returned to the previous or a higher level of competition; in one case (4%), the injury was the cause of retirement from athletic activity. Plantar fasciitis can be considered a sport-related injury in endurance horses of all ages and athletic activity level. Re-injury rate is low; however, adequate rest and rehabilitation protocols are important. Plantar fasciitis rarely leads to retirement from athletic activity, but it can result in 2–5 months out of training and competition.  相似文献   

19.
This case report describes 3 cases of necrotizing dermatomycosis caused by Chrysosporium sp. related to Nannizziopsis vriesii in captive green iguanas (Iguana iguana). The infection was diagnosed by microscopic examination, fungal culture, sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer ribosomal RNA gene, and histopathological examination. This report suggests that the fungus can induce severe infections in green iguanas.  相似文献   

20.
Groups of caesarian-derived, colostrum-deprived lambs aged 10 to 11 weeks were inoculated with the adenovirus WV419/75 followed 4, 6 or 8 days later by Pasteurella haemolyttica type Al (P.h.). Other groups of lambs were inoculated with the virus or P.h. alone.The majority of animals inoculated with P.h. 6 or 8 days after the virus developed an acute necrotizing bronchopneumonia and pleurisy, whereas, the bacteria were cleared rapidly from the lungs of the majority of animals inoculated with P.h. alone, and pneumonic lesions only rarely developed. Between groups, the development of bacterial superinfection and thus bronchopneumonia could not be related to virus titres in either the lung or nasal secretions. However, within individual animals that developed pneumonia, the distribution of virus paralleled the distribution of lesions.In animals inoculated with the virus alone (or the virus plus P.h. where bacterial superinfection did not develop) areas of epithelial cell proliferation and consolidation with basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in swollen epithelial cells were present. The consolidation and inclusion bodies had disappeared by 10 days after inoculation, together with the virus, but the proliferation of airway epithelium was still present 20 days after inoculation. On the other hand, when bacterial superinfection was present, areas of acute necrotizing bronchopneumonia were the predominant feature. These lesions were surrounded by a zone of consolidation with a massive neutrophil infiltration or, where bacterial numbers were high (usually ? 103.0/g), a band where oat-cells predominated although, in animals killed on day 14, oat-cells were still present but bacterial numbers were lower.  相似文献   

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