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采用不连续聚丙酰胺凝胶电泳法,研究了赣昌鲫(Carassius cuvieri♀×Cyprinus carpio var. singuonensis ♂)及其双亲的肌肉、肝脏、肾脏、心脏、脑、晶状体6种组织在超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶(MDH)、乳酸脱氢酶同工酶(LDH)、酯酶(EST)四种同工酶酶谱表达上的遗传差异。结果显示:赣昌鲫的SOD酶谱表达在6种组织中与母本一致;心脏、肝脏、肾脏的MDH表达酶带数与母本相同,且具偏母遗传特性,肌肉的MDH表达谱带数与父本肌肉相同,具偏父遗传特性;LDH、EST在各组织中的酶带表达形式则多数特征偏向于父本,部分与母本相似;LDH同工酶的表达显示出新杂种酶带特异性,EST同工酶在肾脏中也表达了自身特有的杂种酶带。结果表明,属间杂交的后代遗传物质上也存在着变异,存在可选育的性状。 相似文献
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感染桃拉综合症病毒的凡纳滨对虾体内4 种同工酶酶谱的变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直平板电泳法,对凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）成体的复眼、肝脏、心脏、鳃和肌肉等5种组织中的酸性磷酸酶（ACP）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）、酯酶（EST）和过氧化物酶（POD）4种同工酶进行研究,并将健康虾与感染桃拉综合症病毒（TSV）病虾的同工酶酶谱进行比较。结果表明,这4种同工酶在凡纳滨对虾体内的不同组织均有分布,但在酶活性和条带数量上存在不同程度的组织特异性,其中4种同工酶均在肝脏组织中表达最强,ACP和POD在肌肉中、EST在复眼中表达最弱,AKP在复眼中不表达。感染TSV后,病虾的ACP和AKP均出现酶带数量减少和酶活性降低,如病虾的ACP酶谱在肝脏、心脏和鳃中缺失的酶带数分别为2、1和1条,酶活性也呈现下降;AKP酶谱在肝脏、心脏和肌肉中缺失的酶带数分别为3、4和3条,且酶活性均明显降低;而病虾的EST和POD表达的酶带数和酶活性却均有明显增加,尤其是在肝脏和心脏中,EST分别新增3条和5条酶带,POD各新增1条酶带。总之这4种同工酶的表型在健康虾和病虾之间存在着明显的差异,尤其是在肝脏中的变化最为明显,说明肝脏中这4种同工酶的特异性变化可以作为研究凡纳滨对虾桃拉综合症的生理生化指标。 相似文献
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哺乳类动物各种组织和器官的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)同工酶较稳定,酶带分布非常有规律,同源组织的LDH同工酶酶谱通常相似和稳定。鱼类LDH同工酶复杂得多,有三分之二品种中,其LDH同工酶类似哺乳类动物的酶谱;但在其余三分之一种类中,两个亚基随机结合受到限制,出现了不规则酶谱,有的只有2—3条酶带,有的超过5条酶带。即使具有5条酶带的鱼中,其骨骼肌和心肌LDH在电泳酶谱上迁移快慢正好与哺乳类动物相反。此外鱼类C基因产物并不特定在某一组织或器官中,一些鱼的 相似文献
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本文采用聚丙烯酰胺垂直板电泳法研究了狗鱼肌肉、心脏、肝脏、脑和眼睛等5种组织的超氧化物脱氢酶(SOD)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)酶谱。试验结果表明:狗鱼不同组织的SOD酶谱具有明显的组织特异性,每种组织的酶带4～7条不等;狗鱼不同组织的苹果酸脱氢酶共检测到4条酶带;狗鱼不同组织的乳酸脱氢酶共检测到8条酶带。 相似文献
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采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶水平平板电泳技术，分析了洞庭青鲫（Dongtingking crucian carp）心脏、肌肉、眼球、脑、肾脏、肝脏六种组织中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）同工酶。结果表明：同种鱼个体差异性不大，同一个体不同组织问存在明显的组织特异性，由A、B、C三个基因编码，Ldh-C基因只在肝组织中表达。肝组织中有9条强带，1条弱带，其中有1条负带；肾组织中有8条强带，1条弱带共9条酶带（有多态性）；肌肉组织中5条均为强带；脑组织有4条强带，1条弱带共5条酶带（有多态性）；心组织有7条强带2条弱带共9条酶带；眼组织有8条酶带，其中4条强带4条弱带，而彭泽鲫（Pengze crucian carp）的眼组织LDH全部为弱带。即眼组织洞庭青鲫与彭泽鲫LDH同工酶带的主要区别。 相似文献
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关键种对生态系统结构和功能发挥了重要作用,其变化可以引起群落结构振荡和演替,导致生态系统功能紊乱乃至崩溃,因此,了解生态关键种的长期变化有助于解析整个生态系统演替过程。本研究基于莱州湾1959年、1982年、1993年、2003年和2015年春季(5月)底拖网渔业资源调查数据,构建了莱州湾春季鱼类群落食物网拓扑结构,分析了其关键种的长期变化。1959~2015年莱州湾鱼类食物网包含物种21~46个,摄食关系范围70~296个,食物网拓扑结构密度范围为0.155~0.300,种间关联度0.140~0.182,符合自然条件下群落种间摄食关系。1959~2015年莱州湾鱼类群落关键种如下:1959年为六丝矛尾虾虎鱼(Amblychaeturichthys hexanema)、花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)、蓝点马鲛(Scomberomorus niphonius)和黄(Lophius litulon),1982年为鳀(Engraulis japonicus)、黄和小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis),1993年为带鱼(Trichiurus lepturus)、鳀和蓝点马鲛,2003年为细纹狮子鱼(Liparis tanakae)、鳀和黄,2015年为细纹狮子鱼、大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)和六丝矛尾虾虎鱼;关键种由经济价值较高的花鲈、小黄鱼和蓝点马鲛等演变为细纹狮子鱼、鳀和六丝矛尾虾虎鱼等经济价值较低的种类;同时,关键种的栖息环境也由中上层与底层生境(蓝点马鲛、花鲈、鳀等)演变为底层单一生境(细纹狮子鱼、大泷六线鱼和六丝矛尾虾虎鱼);关键种的这种更替导致食物网拓扑结构向简单化发展,在某种程度上也增加了鱼类群落结构脆弱性。 相似文献
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为研究斑海豹生长规律,达到科学饲养的目的,对大连圣亚旅游控股股份有限公司豢养斑海豹进行体检,获取动物性别、年龄、体质量和体长等信息;通过SPSS 13．0软件对动物的生长曲线、体长-体质量关系和雌雄间生长差异进行分析。试验共获得30头豢养斑海豹的体检数据,雌性11头,雄性19头。统计分析发现：logistic、Gompertz和von Bertalanffy三种模型回归的斑海豹最大体长、体质量依次为167、170、171 cm和153、175、191 kg ;体质量-体长关系为（r2＝0．908）;研究还发现体长-年龄、体质量-体长间的相关关系模型能够较准确的反映斑海豹的生长规律,而体质量年龄模型准确度较差。控制年龄的协方差分析未发现雌雄斑海豹生长规律间的差异（体长：P ＞0．05;体质量：P ＞0．05）。 相似文献
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M. W. APRAHAMIAN P. HICKLEY B. A. SHIELDS G. W. MAWLE 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2010,17(2):93-105
Abstract Inland fisheries in England and Wales have high economic and social values. Managing participation to maximise fishery performance is key to maintaining this status. The capital value of fishing rights for migratory salmonid fisheries is €165 million. Coarse fisheries contribute €1030 million to the economy. The central tenet to increasing participation in recreational salmonid fisheries is that an increase in stock size will result in more anglers accessing the fishery. This was examined for salmon on the rivers Usk and Lune where exploitation restrictions increased the number of salmon available to anglers. On the River Lune, the number of salmon available post‐intervention increased by 66%. There was no significant increase in catch while the number of anglers decreased by 16.3%. On the River Usk, the closure of the net fishery potentially resulted in an additional ～1200 salmon being available. Following closure, there was no significant change in rod catch or in the number of anglers. Increased participation is dependent less upon stock manipulation for coarse fisheries and more upon facilitating the activity. In recent years, urban fishery development programmes have provided improved access to local fishing opportunity. Also, new anglers have been targeted through campaigns such as Get Hooked on Fishing and the Scout Angler Badge. 相似文献
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César Salazar Marcela Jaime Yanina Figueroa Rodrigo Fuentes 《Aquaculture Economics & Management (Blackwell Science)》2018,22(2):151-167
In light of the current depletion of extractive marine resources and the sustainability issues that have arisen in the aquaculture industry, the small-scale aquaculture sector has emerged as a viable and sustainable alternative for generating income. To integrate the small-scale aquaculture sector into the food value chain, understanding the decision-making process to innovate becomes essential. This paper explores the factors underlying both innovation choices and intensity among small-scale aquaculture producers by utilizing exclusive census data from the small-scale aquaculture sector in Chile. The results indicate that education, secure property rights, internet access, participation in organizations, commercialization methods, government instruments, understanding of credit, and social learning promote innovation decisions. We also find that largest producers innovate in more areas, suggesting a role of size for both technological and non-technological innovations. 相似文献
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C.D. de Silva 《Aquaculture International》1997,5(4):339-349
An electrophoretic analysis of six populations of Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) and four populations of O. niloticus (L.) from several rivers and a fish hatchery in Sri Lanka was conducted to determine the degree of mixing within and between stocks. Genetic characterization of the O. mossambicus stocks showed that some degree of mixing with O. niloticus occurred in all but two of the populations examined, while in the case of the O. niloticus, all the populations had some degree of mixing of O. mossambicus alleles. Genetic identity calculated using Nei's coefficient gave values ranging from 0.9484 to 0.9895 for O. niloticus populations and 1.0 to 0.9940 for O. mossambicus populations, while interspecies comparisons ranged from 0.7531 to 0.9002. The implications of these results for fisheries management and aquaculture are discussed. 相似文献
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Declines in chinook salmon catches in the Strait of Georgia in relation to shifts in the marine environment 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
RICHARD J. BEAMISH BRIAN E. RIDDELL CHRYS-ELLEN M. NEVILLE BARBARA L. THOMSON ZIYANG ZHANG 《Fisheries Oceanography》1995,4(3):243-256
Chinook, Oncurhynchus tshawytscha, catches in the Strait of Georgia increased in the 1970s and reached maximum levels from 1976 to 1978. Catches then declined until they stabilized through regulation at levels approximately one-quarter of the 1976 to 1978 levels. The timing of the decline in catch was synchronous with an increase in the mean temperature of the Strait of Georgia, a decline in annual Fraser River flows, and an abrupt decrease in the marine survival of hatchery-reared chinook released into the Strait of Georgia. Surprisingly, the number of young chinook salmon (smolts) more than doubled over the period of declining catches compared with the number produced during the period of high catches. The increase in smolt abundance was a consequence of the production from hatcheries that was approximately equal to wild production. We conclude that there was a change in the carrying capacity for chinook salmon in the Strait of Georgia in the late 1970s that contributed to the declines in abundance and that rebuilding stocks to the high abundance of the late 1970s is unlikely until the carrying capacity for chinook salmon changes either naturally or through manipulation. Although we did not separate density-dependent and density-independent effects on marine survival, the current total number of chinook smolts produced appears larger than required for the current marine carrying capacity. 相似文献
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