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1.
From January 1968 through February 1970 Pseudorabies was demonstrated in 12 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from different parts of Denmark. Eleven of them were free-living, while one had been kept in captivity.In nine foxes signs of intense local pruritus were found. Two of the remaining three foxes, which did not show such signs, had been killed in an acute phase of disease, while the last one had been found dead.The finding of remains of pigs in the digestive tract in some of the foxes, and the demonstration of Pseudorabies in piglets on a nearby farm in several cases, indicated that the foxes had caught the infection by eating dead piglets. The fox that had been kept in captivity had been fed with dead piglets which had shown signs of pseudorabies.The medulla oblongata and pons of these foxes were found to be the most suitable material for demonstration of psudorabies virus. 相似文献
2.
Epidemiological investigations on Trichinella infections in farmed fur animals of Estonia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Farming of fur animals represents an important income in Estonia. Even though Trichinella worms does not induce a symptomatic disease in carnivores, the carcasses of skinned animals can increase the biomass of the parasite in the environment, if they are not properly destroyed. The aim of the present survey was to study the prevalence of Trichinella worms in farmed fur animals of Estonia. Of 281 muscle samples from blue foxes (Alopex lagopus), silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes fulva), minks (Mustela vison) and raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides), which were collected in eight farms, Trichinella larvae have been detected in 21 animals (8%) from two farms by HCl-pepsin digestion. The highest number of larvae per gram of muscle was found in the front limb muscles. Larvae of the 21 isolates have been identified as Trichinella britovi or Trichinella nativa by a multiplex-PCR analysis. 相似文献
3.
Pirjo Veijalainen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1986,27(2):159
Parvovirus infections in Finnish fur animals, i.e. ferrets, raccoon dogs, blue foxes and mink, were studied. The ferret was found to be the only insusceptible animal. Parvo enteritis of raccoon dogs, reported since 1980, has spread from East Finland to other parts of the country. A new candidate for the Parvovirus family was found to infect blue foxes. According to serologic investigations, the virus resembled feline panleukopenia virus more than canine parvovirus. Clinical signs during the infection have been mild. Annual vaccination has not eradicated mink enteritis virus on farms, but the disease has taken a subclinical form. 相似文献
4.
5.
Rui Wu Chaoyong Bai Jinzhong Sun Shengke Chang Xuke Zhang 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2013,14(3):363-365
Our investigation was conducted in order to verify a recent severe epidemic at several swine farms in northern China that indicated a newly emerging disease. Evidence confirmed that the epidemic was caused by a virulent Pseudorabies virus infection in swine herds. 相似文献
6.
Christine V Fiorello Richard G Robbins Leonardo Maffei Susan E Wade 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2006,37(2):130-134
Parasite surveys of free-ranging wildlife provide important information for monitoring population health. Between March 2001 and March 2003, we sampled 10 ocelots (Leopardus pardalis), eight Geoffroy's cats (Oncifelis geoffroyi), a jaguarundi (Herpailurus yaguarondi), five pampas foxes (Pseudalopex gymnocercus), and three crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) at three sites in the Bolivian Chaco. The objective of the study was to survey the parasite fauna of these carnivores and compare prevalence of parasites among the sites. The parasite community of these carnivores was diverse, with representatives from eight genera of nematodes, two families of cestodes, two protozoan species, and six arthropod species. Fecal parasites identified from 12 of the 13 felids and five of the six canids examined included Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, Ancylostoma tubaeforme, Uncinaria sp., Crenosoma sp., Toxocara cati, Spirurida, Capillaria aerophila, Spirometra sp., Taeniidae, and Cystoisospora sp. Four tick species, Amblyomma parvum, A. tigrinum, A. ovale, and A. cajennense, and two flea species, Pulex irritans and Delostichus phyllotis, were identified. Two crab-eating foxes had serologic evidence of heartworm disease (HWD). Antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii were found in 15 of 26 animals. Although HWD was found only in canids inside the national park, parasite prevalence did not appear to differ among sites, and no evidence was found of parasite spillover from domestic to wild carnivores. 相似文献
7.
A total of 1 399 samples of wild animals, cats, mice, rats and fur animals were examined for Trichinella larvae during the period 1.1.1982-30.6.1984. Samples were obtained both from the problem area, were Trichinella larvae had been found in pigs, and for comparison from the rest of Finland. The frequency of the infection in wild carnivores, badgers, pine martens, raccoon dogs, foxes and wild mink was significantly higher in the problem area than in the rest of Finland. 相似文献
8.
A field trial was carried out with Nobi-Vac AR vaccine in 11 swine breeding herds. One herd suffered from severe B. bronchiseptica (BB+) rhinitis in piglets, while no clinical Atrophic Rhinitis (AR) was observed. Ten herds were described as AR problem herds, because clinical AR was observed for at least 1 year in spite of the fact that medication of sows and piglets was carried out and adequate housing and management systems were available in most herds. BB+ was isolated in 9 of these 10 farms and the AR pathogenic P. multocida (PM+) in all these farms. The trial started when piglets were born of sows which had been vaccinated 3 times. All piglets between 7 and 10 weeks old were examined clinically for AR. Nasal swabs from 20 pigs on each farm were screened bacteriologically for BB+ and PM+ every other month. A severe reoccurrence of AR was found in 2 of the 10 AR problem farms. In these 2 herds the 'all in-all out' system was not applied in farrowing and weaning houses. In the 8 other AR problem herds the percentage of pigs with AR decreased significantly below the average level of 1% per year. The percentage of pigs infected with BB+ and PM+ also decreased significantly. PM+ was significantly related to the percentage of clinical AR piglets. Seasonal effects contributed to a minor extent to the percentage of AR piglets. After 2.5 years of this trial PM+ could not be isolated during the last 12 months in six of the remaining AR problems herds. The conclusion is that Nobi-Vac AR vaccination of the sow gave protection against clinical AR in piglets on those farms (80%) which provided adequate housing and management systems. 相似文献
9.
Balboni Andrea Tryland Morten Mørk Torill Killengreen Siw T. Fuglei Eva Battilani Mara 《Veterinary research communications》2019,43(2):67-76
Canine adenovirus type 1 (CAdV-1) is the aetiological agent of infectious canine hepatitis (ICH) in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris). In spite of the widespread use of vaccination, CAdV-1 continues to circulate in the dog population. Although a high number of serological screenings have indicated that CAdV-1 is widespread in fox species, little is known about the potential role of foxes as reservoirs of CAdV-1. Furthermore, very little data exist on the molecular features of this virus in foxes. To add to existing knowledge on CAdV-1 circulating in wild carnivores, tissue samples from CAdV-seropositive red foxes (Vulpes vulpes, n?=?10) from the northern mainland of Norway and arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus, n?=?10) from the Svalbard archipelago, Norway, were investigated using a molecular approach to detect CAdV-1 DNA and important structural and non-structural genes of the detected viruses were sequenced and analysed. Amplicons characteristic for CAdV-1 were amplified from 14 out of 20 foxes (7 red foxes and 7 arctic foxes) and spleen and lymph node tissues resulted optimal targets for the viral DNA detection. The nucleotide sequences showed unique features that distinguished the viruses detected in this study from the CAdV-1 to date identified in wild carnivores and dogs. Greater attention should be given to genetically different CAdV-1 circulating in wild carnivores that may be transferred to dogs, potentially causing disease and reducing the effectiveness of available vaccines.
相似文献10.
Frölich K Czupalla O Haas L Hentschke J Dedek J Fickel J 《Veterinary microbiology》2000,74(4):283-292
Canine distemper virus (CDV) infects a broad range of carnivores. To assess whether wild carnivores may play a role in the epidemiology of CDV in domestic dogs in Germany, the seroprevalence of CDV was determined. In sera from red foxes (30 of 591 (5%)) and stone martens (2 of 10 (20%)) antiviral antibodies were detected using a neutralization assay, whereas sera of raccoons, two mink, one pine marten and one raccoon dog were negative. In foxes, there was a significantly higher prevalence in urban and suburban compared to rural regions. When testing lung and spleen tissue samples (fox, badger, stone marten, polecat, raccoon dog) 13 of 253 (5.1%) foxes, 2 of 13 (15.4%) stone martens and 2 of 6 (33%) badgers were virus positive using RT-PCR. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial sequences of the F gene revealed a distinct relatedness to canine CDV isolates. Together, the data support the concept of transmission of CDV between domestic dogs and wild carnivores. 相似文献
11.
Maribel Casas Raquel Cortés Sonia Pina Bibiana Peralta Alberto Allepuz Martí Cortey Jordi Casal Marga Martín 《Veterinary microbiology》2011
Hepatitis E is a zoonotic disease and is highly prevalent in European swine livestock. There is a need to compare the infection dynamics of hepatitis E virus (HEV) between herds with the same production system and determine the percentage of animals that could arrive infected at slaughter age. Therefore, a longitudinal study was performed in six Spanish farrow-to-finish affected farms. Twenty piglets per farm were monitored from nursery to slaughter. RT-PCR and serology techniques were applied to analyze longitudinally collected sera and/or faecal samples. Liver and bile samples were also taken at the abattoir. Anti-HEV IgM were firstly detected at 7 weeks of age in 5 farms whereas at 13 weeks of age in 1 farm (farm 2). At slaughter age 50–100% of pigs had seroconverted to anti-HEV IgG in the former 5 farms whereas in the other herd only 5% of pigs were IgG seropositive (farm 2). Six out of 96 livers and 5 out of 80 biles analyzed were HEV positive at the abattoir (total percentage of infected animals: 11.5%). All these positive animals had already seroconverted except 2 pigs of farm 2. Hence, pigs can be seronegative at slaughter age being infected during the latest fattening period. Manipulation of HEV-infected livers or other organs from pigs could be considered a possible route of transmission in Spanish abattoirs. This study represents the first longitudinal survey on swine HEV infection dynamics conducted in different herds. 相似文献
12.
13.
Acosta-Jamett G Chalmers WS Cunningham AA Cleaveland S Handel IG Bronsvoort BM 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,152(3-4):247-257
Urban areas can support dog populations dense enough to maintain canine distemper virus (CDV) and can be a source of infection for rural dogs and free-ranging carnivores. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between urban and rural domestic dog and wild carnivore populations and their effects on the epidemiology of CDV to explain retrospectively a CD outbreak in wild foxes in 2003. From 2005 to 2007 a cross-sectional household questionnaire survey was conducted in Coquimbo and Ovalle cities, in three towns and in rural sites along two transects from these cities to the Fray Jorge National Park (FJNP) in the Coquimbo region, Chile. Blood samples were collected from unvaccinated dogs at surveyed households and from free-ranging foxes in rural areas along the transects. The seroprevalence of CDV in domestic dogs was higher in urban than in rural areas and in the later was highest in dogs born before 2001-2002. The seroprevalence of CDV in foxes was higher in areas closer to human settlements. A high seroprevalence in dogs born before 2001-2002 further supports a link between CDV patterns in rural dog and fox populations. In our study area, urban dogs are proposed to be the source of CDV infection to wild carnivores. The large dog population size and density detected in Coquimbo and Ovalle provides optimal conditions for maintaining a large and dense susceptible population of dogs, which can act as a reservoir for highly infectious diseases and could have been the source of infection in the CD outbreak in wild foxes. 相似文献
14.
Summary A field trial was carried out with Nobi‐Vac AR vaccine in 11 swine breeding herds. One herd suffered from severe B. bronchiseptica (BB+) rhinitis in piglets, while no clinical Atrophic Rhinitis (AR) was observed. Ten herds were described as AR problem herds, because clinical AR was observed for at least 1 year in spite of the fact that medication of sows and piglets was carried out and adequate housing and management systems were available in most herds. BB+ was isolated in 9 of these 10 farms and the AR pathogenic P. multocida (PM+) in all these farms. The trial started when piglets were born of sows which had been vaccinated 3 times. All piglets between 7 and 10 weeks old were examined clinically for AR. Nasal swabs from 20 pigs on each farm were screened bacteriologically for BB+ and PM+ every other month. A severe reoccurrence of AR was found in 2 of the 10 AR problem farms. In these 2 herds the ‘all in‐all out’ system was not applied in farrowing and weaning houses. In the 8 other AR problem herds the percentage of pigs with AR decreased significantly below the average level of 1% per year. The percentage of pigs infected with BB+ and PM+ also decreased significantly. PM+ was significantly related to the percentage of clinical AR piglets. Seasonal effects contributed to a minor extent to the percentage of AR piglets. After 2.5 years of this trial PM+ could not be isolated during the last 12 months in six of the remaining AR problems herds. The conclusion is that Nobi‐Vac AR vaccination of the sow gave protection against clinical AR in piglets on those farms (80%) which provided adequate housing and management systems. 相似文献
15.
Reubel GH Pekin J Venables D Wright J Zabar S Leslie K Rothwell TL Hinds LA Braid A 《Veterinary microbiology》2001,83(3):217-233
We report on the pathogenicity of canine herpesvirus (CHV) for European red foxes. In the first experiment, we inoculated 10 adult foxes intravenously with a canine isolate of CHV. All foxes became infected and shed CHV in saliva and genital secretions for up to 14 days post-inoculation (p.i.) as evaluated by PCR and/or by virus isolation. All foxes developed clinical signs such as fever, lethargy and evidence of respiratory tract disease. Two foxes died on day 6 p.i., one on day 7 p.i., and one fox was euthanased on day 6 p.i. Tissues taken from the four dead foxes were positive for CHV by PCR. The remaining six foxes recovered after approximately 14 days p.i. Virus particles with morphology typical of herpesviruses were found by electron microscopy in the liver of an infected animal. All surviving foxes developed serum anti-CHV antibodies. In a second experiment, six foxes were dosed perorally with CHV and paired with six untreated controls. Neither the perorally dosed nor the in-contact control foxes developed clinical signs of disease. Infectious CHV was not isolated from any of the dosed or the in-contact foxes but all perorally-infected foxes and one of the in-contact foxes tested PCR-positive for CHV on several occasions p.i. All perorally-infected foxes, but none of the in-contact foxes, seroconverted. In summary, intravenous CHV inoculation caused a clinical disease in adult foxes much more severe than observed in experimentally-infected adult dogs. No clinical disease or virus spread was observed after peroral dosing although viral infection occurred as evidenced by seroconversion. 相似文献
16.
猪瘟合并猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)和猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)感染 总被引：14，自引：5，他引：14
2004年初以来，杭州地区的几个规模化猪场陆续发生仔猪腹泻、保育猪呼吸困难的疾病，剖检见肺部呈橡皮样，全身淋巴结水肿，部分猪脾脏边缘梗死等，发病率、死亡率较高。设计针对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）、猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）的特异性引物，进行RT—PCR或PCR检测；运用伪狂犬病（PR）鉴别试剂盒检测PR，运用免疫荧光法检测猪瘟（HC），并进行了细菌分离培养，通过全面检查认为，这几个猪场发生了猪瘟合并猪PRRSV、PCV2感染。 相似文献
17.
近期部分规模化猪场猪伪狂犬病野毒抗体监测情况调查 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
猪伪狂犬病仍然是我国猪群的重要威胁性传染病，通常造成母猪繁殖障碍以及仔猪的神经症状和高死亡率，同时伪狂犬病病毒也是猪呼吸系统疾病综合征的重要原发性病原。用gE-ELISA野毒鉴别诊断方法共检测了来自8个省、市46个猪场1940份血清样品，其中阳性样品657份，样品总阳性率33.87%，阳性猪场25个。在检测的各场中，阳性率最高猪场达到75.76%(125/165)。而部分进行了科学的疫苗免疫和实施了严格的生物安全措施的猪场始终保持猪伪狂犬病阴性(0/135)。利用基因缺失疫苗科学免疫配合伪狂犬抗体鉴别诊断技术是控制和净化伪狂犬病的重要手段。 相似文献
18.
Characterization of widespread canine leishmaniasis among wild carnivores from Spain 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sobrino R Ferroglio E Oleaga A Romano A Millan J Revilla M Arnal MC Trisciuoglio A Gortázar C 《Veterinary parasitology》2008,155(3-4):198-203
Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is an emerging zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Leishmania infantum in Mediterranean countries, with sand flies (Phlebotomus spp.) as vectors and dogs as the main domestic reservoir. The role of wild carnivores in the epidemiology of leishmaniasis is still controversial. In order to determine the prevalence of natural infection with L. infantum in wild carnivores from Spain, we analyzed 217 samples by PCR and western blotting and used restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) to compare the patterns present in wild carnivores with those of domestic dogs from the same areas. DNA of the parasite was detected in spleen or blood samples from 35 (16.12%) analyzed wild carnivores, including 8 of 39 (20.5%) wolves (Canis lupus), 23 of 162 (14.1%) foxes (Vulpes vulpes), 2 of 7 (28.6%) Egyptian mongooses (Herpestes ichneumon), 1 of 4 genets (Geneta geneta), and 1 of 4 Iberian lynxes (Lynx pardinus). No significant sex or age differences in prevalence were observed in wolves and foxes (P>0.05), but there was a significant difference among regions in foxes (P<0.05). A total of 12 PCR-RFLP patterns were found in foxes, 6 in wolves, 4 in dogs, 2 in Egyptian mongooses and 1 in lynx and genet. RFLP patterns differed between dogs and foxes in the two areas where they could be compared. This is the first study of canine leishmaniasis in wild canids and other carnivores from different regions of Spain by PCR. The prevalence of infection indicates the existence of natural infection in apparently healthy wild carnivore populations, and our results are suggestive of a sylvatic cycle independent of dogs. 相似文献
19.
Rodríguez-Buenfil JC Alvarez-Fleites M Alzina-Lopez A Arjona-Torres MG Segura-Correa JC Villegas-Pérez S 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2002,53(3):205-213
Two epidemiological studies were conducted from August 1997 to May 1998: a case-control study to identify herd level risk factors for antibodies to Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) in sows in the state of Yucatan, Mexico and a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of antibodies against ADV in fattening pigs. In the case-control study, data on herd management and biosecurity were obtained from all the 27 ADV known field-virus-seropositive farms (cases) and 62 randomly selected seronegative farms (controls) by questionnaire. Breeding animals of these seropositive farms had received a gE-deletion vaccine. In the cross-sectional study, 26 farrow-to-finish farms of the 27 seropositive farms were used and blood samples taken from 60 fattening pigs per herd (15 pigs for each stage of production). Serum samples were analyzed by the screening-ELISA and gE-ELISA tests. In the case-control study, three of the 15 risk factors were significant. Odds ratios for distance to the nearest farm (< or = 2.5km), not sampling for the detection of ADV and herds with origin of breeding animals within the state were 9.5, 18.1 and 8.7. In the cross-sectional study, 11 (42.3%) of the 26 sampled farms were seropositive to vaccine antibodies. None of the piglets were positive to antibodies against field virus risk--suggesting that the strategy of vaccinating only the breeding animals reduced the ADV infection of the piglets. 相似文献
20.
dos Santos DR Vitral CL de Paula VS Marchevsky RS Lopes JF Gaspar AM Saddi TM Júnior NC Guimarães Fde R Júnior JG Ximenes LL Souto FJ Pinto MA 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2009,182(3):474-480
Active hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections in two Brazilian swine herds were investigated. In study 1, 26 piglets born to five anti-HEV positive sows were monitored from birth to post-partum week 22. Serum samples were screened for the detection of anti-HEV antibodies and a nested RT-PCR used to examine the HEV genome. Passive transfer of immunity was confirmed. At week 22, 23/26 (88.4%) of the piglets had seroconverted. Genome amplification was achieved in a feces pool from one holding pen and in one serum sample, both from 13-week-old animals. Histology was suggestive of a potential HEV infection. In the second study, 47 piglets born to six anti-HEV-positive sows were monitored after weaning. Seroconversion was determined in eight animals at 6-8 weeks of age. HEV RNA was detected in two pools from a holding pen for 12-16-week-old animals. Brazilian isolates were classified as genotype 3. This is the first molecular evidence of HEV infection in Brazilian pig herds. 相似文献