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1.
韶关市6个桉树无性系试验初报 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过对参试的尾巨桉（DH．33．27、DH．33．29、广林9号）、尾赤桉（201号、201．2号）和尾叶桉（U6）6个桉树无性系早期人工林的生长量和抗逆性进行调查和综合评价。结果表明：参试无性系20个月生林分平均胸径6．30～7．72cm,平均树高为5．87～9．18m,都表现出速生特性。6个无性系间的树高生长存在极显著差异,胸径生长量存在显著差异。尾赤桉和尾巨桉5个无性系间树高生长也存在极显著差异,胸径生长量差异不显著。尾叶桉U6和尾巨桉DH．33．29耐寒性较差,尾赤桉系列幼龄林存在易风倒现象。尾巨桉系列（DH-33-27、广林9号）速生性、适应性较强,可作为目前韶关市桉树人工林建设的主栽品种。 相似文献
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巨尾桉无性系山地引种造林效果的研究 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
通过对引进巨尾桉无性系与巨桉,尾叶桉进行山地造林试验３年的研究结果表明,巨尾桉无性系不仅能适宜本地区山地栽培,而且,生长快,３年生平均树高１２．１ｍ,胸径１２．３ｃｍ,单株带皮材积０．０７２８ｍ＾３,去皮材积０．０５７４ｍ＾３,比尾叶桉分别增长２３．５％,２８．１％,９２．１％和１４０．２％,比巨桉分别增长１３．１％,１９．４％,５６．６％和５１．５％。它还具有树干通直圆满,树皮较薄,冠径比小,出 相似文献
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本文对9个尾叶桉、巨尾桉、尾巨桉无性系0.5~2.5年生试验林生长率、差异性及林分直径结构分析,发现林龄0.5~1.5 a是无性系树高生长高峰期,此时树高生长率达79.20%~96.27%,是林龄1.5~2.5 a树高生长率的3~4倍;林龄1.5~2.5 a时,各无性系林分胸径、树高、单株材积生长率分别为19.66%~25.67%、18.58%~27.96%、52.57%~62.54%,生长率最大的是E7号无性系(胸径、单株材积)和E6号无性系(树高);秩次相关分析表明：各无性系胸径、单株材积生长量在不同林龄时排序变动不大,而无性系树高生长量排序在不同林龄时变动较大;差异性分析表明：无性系间胸径、树高、单株材积生长差异显著,但随林龄增加有差异减小趋势;林龄2.5年生时,E5号无性系胸径、单株材积生长量最大,分别达11.39 cm、0.0736 m3;各无性系林分树木径阶范围为6~14 cm或8~14 cm,以10 cm或12 cm径阶树木占最大比例,除E8号无性系外,其余8个无性系树木径阶分布总体上近似正态分布。 相似文献
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通过对引进巨尾桉无性系与巨桉、尾叶桉进行山地造林试验３年的研究结果表明,巨尾桉无性系不仅能适宜本地区山地栽培,而且生长快,３年生平均树高１２１ｍ,胸径１２３ｃｍ,单株带皮材积００７２８ｍ３,去皮材积００５７４ｍ３,比尾叶桉分别增长２３５％、２８１％、９２１％和１４０２％,比巨桉分别增长１３１％、１９４％、５６６％和５１５％。它还具有树干通直圆满、树皮较薄、冠径比小、出材率高、丰产性好等特点,可以大面积发展,并总结出栽培上的关键技术。 相似文献
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对尾巨桉(Eucalyptus urophylla×E.grandis)、巨尾桉(E.grandis×E.urophylla)、尾叶桉(E.urophylla)无性系试验林生长性状和干形进行了分析,为选择优良无性系提供科学依据。结果表明,不同无性系及同一无性系在不同林龄时的胸径、树高、单株材积生长率均有所不同,总体上QL4、QL7无性系生长率较大,而QL1、QL2无性系的生长率则较小;林龄1.5年及6.5年时无性系间胸径、单株材积均有显著差异,而无性系间树高仅在林龄1.5龄时差异显著;其余林龄无性系间的差异均不显著。用6.5年生参试无性系胸径、树高、单株材积、干形观测值对各无性系进行综合评定,结果QL7无性系的综合评定结果最佳,被评为优良无性系,其6.5年生时平均胸径、树高、单株材积分别是16.83 cm、21.42 m、0.233 1 m~3;而QL1无性系综合评定排最后一位;因此,不同无性系及同一无性系在不同阶段的生长表现均有所不同,无性系间胸径、单株材积在其生长的早期及后期均存在显著差异,而树高则在早期差异显著,所选择的QL7优良无性系可在试验地所在区域推广种植。 相似文献
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巨桉无性系生长早期选择 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对26个巨桉无性系人工林生长性状的调查分析表明：胸径、材积在无性系间呈极显著差异,相关性分析结果表明胸径、树高、材积三者间存在极显著的正相关关系。变异系数最大的是材积,达到78.82%,其次为树高和胸径,分别为52.23%、23.13%。胸径、树高、材积的重复力分别为0.5744、0.5469、0.3453。利用综合评定方法评选出5个优良的巨桉无性系,分别为20、18、25、9和5号。5个优良无性系胸径、树高、材积的遗传增益分别为11.60%、11.09%和2.05%。 相似文献
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对12个尾叶桉无性系的生长性状差异分析和比较结果表明：各性状在无性系间差异均极显著，各性状的无性系重复力75．24％～94．32％，单株重复力为43．18％～80．57％。冠幅的重复力最小，材积最大。5．5年生时共有4个无性系生长量超过总体家系平均值，生长最优的无性系平均单株材积达0．1684m^3，是最差无性系的253．78％，是平均值的58．38％，比最优对照U6无性系高79．33％。应用主成分分类方法，将无性系分成6类。速生型无性系较慢生型无性系的树高、胸径和材积分别高出30．40％、57、74％和221．64％，增产效果十分显著。 相似文献
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在海南岛东部进行的桉树１１个树种７９个种源试验，５年的结果表明，不同树种种源间生长差异极显著，来自印度尼西亚Ｍｔ．ｍａｎｄｉｒｉ的尾叶桉１２８９５种源是所有参试树种／种源中表现最好的，树高、胸径和每公顷材积分别为１３．８２ｍ、１２．５４ｃｍ和１２８．３４ｍ３。同一树种种源间生长差异也极显著，最佳种源的每公顷材积与最差种源相比，尾叶桉为８．４６：１，细叶桉５．８６：１，赤桉５．３２：１和巨桉３．０４：１。细叶桉、赤桉和巨桉种源树高、胸径和材积生长与原产地纬度显著负相关，尾叶桉种源与原产地海拔高极显著负相关。本文提出了适合海南岛东部地区生长的树种和种源。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
19.
Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
20.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献