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1.
为及时、有效地监测盐渍化土壤含盐量,以内蒙古河套灌区沙壕渠灌域为研究区,将Sentinel-1雷达影像作为数据源,同步采集不同深度土壤含盐量数据,通过组合两组雷达后向散射系数构建多种指数,并用灰度关联（Gray correlation degree,GCD）排除共线性强的指数,采用偏最小二乘回归（Partial least squares regression,PLSR）、分位数回归（Quantile regression,QR）和支持向量机（Support vector machine regression,SVM）3种方法,构建0~10cm、10~20cm不同深度下的土壤含盐量反演模型。结果表明,在3种回归方法中,SVM回归模型的精度最高,模型建模集决定系数R2c、验证集决定系数R2p均在04以上,建模集均方根误差RMSEc、验证集均方根误差RMSEp均小于03%,分位数回归模型次之,偏最小二乘回归模型最差;在各反演深度下,0~10cm深度的反演精度均高于10~20cm深度的反演精度,其中在0~10cm深度下SVM反演模型效果优于其他模型,R2c、R2p分别为0568和0686,RMSEc、RMSEp分别为0.201%和0.151%。本研究可为雷达遥感监测裸土期土壤盐渍化提供参考。 相似文献
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为开展马铃薯叶片PSⅡ叶绿素荧光参数无损检测研究,利用高光谱成像系统采集200个感兴趣区域样本点的光谱图像并提取反射率,使用封闭式叶绿素荧光成像系统采集相应样本点的qP值。采用SPXY算法将总样本按照2∶1的比例划分为建模集(135个样本)和验证集(65个样本),采用联合区间偏最小二乘法(Synergy interval partial least squares,si-PLS)和随机蛙跳(Random frog,RF)算法各筛选出18个敏感波长,并用选择的特征波长建立偏最小二乘回归(Partial least squares regression,PLSR)模型。结果表明：si-PLS-PLSR模型的建模集决定系数R2c为0.6285,验证集决定系数R2v为0.6103;RF-PLSR模型的建模集决定系数R2c为0.7093,验证集决定系数R2v为0.6872。结果表明利用RF算法筛选的特征波长对马铃薯叶片qP值检测的解释性优于si-PLS算法,特征波长在518.72~640.64nm、650~800nm和850~1000nm范围,体现了荧光发射信号是马铃薯作物光化学吸收qP值的重要响应特征,且叶片光化学吸收与叶绿素含量、叶片结构、水分含量等属性紧密关联。绘制叶片qP值分布图为分析马铃薯叶片光化学吸收和光合作用动态提供了直观的分析手段,可为马铃薯作物光合活性评价及复杂生理生化动态监测提供支持。 相似文献
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小麦粗蛋白含量是其品质评价的重要指标,为探讨基于选择的短波近红外光谱变量定量判别小麦籽粒粗蛋白的可能性,采集了52份小麦籽粒样本,用湿化学方法分析其粗蛋白含量,获取其900~1700nm波段的光谱,进而利用该光谱进行预处理方法的优化研究及小麦籽粒蛋白敏感变量的优选研究,以偏最小二乘的方法建立了基于短波近红外光谱的小麦籽粒蛋白定量模型。结果表明：多元散射校正和小波变换结合是短波近红外光谱定量判别小麦籽粒粗蛋白含量较优的预处理方法;利用200次竞争性自适应重加权变量优选的统计结果,优选出1028、1158、1199、1367、1407、1445、1478、1494、1550、1584、1661、1686nm 12个变量为小麦籽粒蛋白敏感变量,占全谱的2%,该方法可稳定、高效地优选光谱变量,降低水分对模型的影响;结合预处理优化及变量优选建立偏最小二乘模型,模型预测决定系数和预测均方差分别为0.961和0.369。可见优选的短波近红外光谱变量可用于定量判别小麦籽粒粗蛋白含量。 相似文献
4.
基于高光谱成像的生鲜鸡肉糜中大豆蛋白含量检测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为快速无损检测生鲜鸡肉糜中超量添加的大豆蛋白含量,采集了鸡肉糜中掺杂的3种典型大豆蛋白的高光谱图像。在鸡肉糜中分别掺入质量分数0~30%的大豆蛋白粉（SPF）、大豆浓缩蛋白（SPC）和大豆分离蛋白（SPI）,并于可见-近红外（400~1000nm）光谱范围采集样品的高光谱图像,基于波段运算提取感兴趣区域的平均光谱,建立了原始及预处理光谱的偏最小二乘回归（PLSR）定量模型,发现模型对SPC预测效果最优（R2p=0.9984）、SPF次之、SPI最差。进一步利用二维相关光谱（2DCOS）自相关峰提取特征波长,建立的多光谱模型对于3种大豆蛋白的检测限分别可达0.53%、0.58%和1.02%。将以上多光谱模型应用到原始光谱图像,实现了不同大豆蛋白及其掺假梯度的可视化表征。 相似文献
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饲料总能近红外反射光谱定量分析模型的优化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用近红外反射分析技术, 采用偏最小二乘(PLS)回归方法,分别对光谱进行附加散射校正、变量标准化、一阶导数和二阶导数处理,建立了饲料中总能的预测模型.通过比较,附加散射校正和一阶导数处理定标效果最优.定标集化学分析值与预测值之间的决定系数R2和标准差RMSEC分别为0.9060和0.153,相对分析误差为3.36;验证集化学分析值与预测值之间的决定系数r2和标准差RMSEP分别为0.8924和0.156,相对分析误差为3.22.结果表明,利用近红外光谱反射(NIRS)分析技术可以定量检测充料总能的含量. 相似文献
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《农业机械学报》2019,(Z1)
为了实现核桃仁脂肪含量的快速无损检测,在1 040～2 560 nm光谱范围内采集了核桃仁近红外光谱。首先,通过多元散射校正和标准正态化组合方法对原始光谱信息进行预处理,采用马氏距离法剔除异常样本;然后,运用竞争性自适应重加权采样算法与相关系数法相结合,进行特征波段筛选;最后,采用偏最小二乘回归和支持向量机回归算法建立了核桃仁脂肪含量的预测模型。结果显示,以筛选出的6个特征波段为输入,采用偏最小二乘回归算法建立的核桃仁脂肪质量分数预测模型的验证集决定系数为0. 86,均方根误差为1. 584 9%;采用支持向量机回归算法建立的模型验证集决定系数为0. 88,均方根误差为1. 371 6%;表明支持向量机回归算法的建模质量优于偏最小二乘回归算法。采用特征波段建立的支持向量机回归预测模型能大幅降低建模复杂度,实现核桃仁脂肪含量的快速无损检测。 相似文献
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基于高光谱的酿酒葡萄果皮花色苷含量多元回归分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以酿酒葡萄赤霞珠果实为研究对象,利用高光谱成像技术检测葡萄果皮中的花色苷含量。采集60组样本的900~1700nm近红外波段高光谱图像,并用pH示差法测量样本果皮中花色苷含量。选取高光谱图像中葡萄果实区域作为感兴趣区域（ROI）,计算其平均光谱,并采用SG平滑、归一化、多元散射校正等预处理方法提高光谱的信噪比。然后采用偏最小二乘回归（PLSR）、支持向量回归（SVR）和BP神经网络算法建立花色苷含量预测模型。研究表明：基于PLSR模型推荐的13个隐含变量建立的BP神经网络模型的预测决定系数和预测均方根误差分别为0.9102和0.3795。 相似文献
8.
苹果硬度的傅里叶变换近红外光谱无损检测 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
利用傅里叶变换近红外光谱技术探讨快速无损检测苹果硬度方法的可行性.通过解析苹果样品的近红外光谱图,用一阶导数、多元散射校正和矢量归一等方法进行预处理,再用偏最小二乘法建立模型.结果表明,多元散射校正能够有效消除光谱基线平移和偏移现象, 提高原光谱的信噪比,选取有效信息波长范围为1408～2355nm.偏最小二乘法结合多元散射校正所建模型的预测效果最好,模型的决定系数R2为0.9852,内部交叉验证均方根差RMSECV和预测标准偏差RMSEP分别为0.0398kg/cm2和0.0166kg/cm2.进一步通过剔除异常值优化模型,并验证检验组的25个样品,模型的R2为0.9908,RMSEP为0.0147kg/cm2.结果表明:建立的模型可靠,预测效果好,能满足苹果硬度快速检测的要求. 相似文献
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采用可见/近红外光谱分析技术对河北和安徽两个产地的板栗进行检测分级,获得板栗样品在600~1 100 nm波长区间的可见/近红外光谱,采用偏最小二乘判别分析（PLSDA）进行建模,比较不同预处理方法和波长范围对PLSDA模型精度的影响。结果显示,不同预处理方法对模型性能影响较大,一阶导数预处理在全波长范围所建PLSDA模型性能最优,校正集和验证集的决定系数分别为0.884和0.863,均方根误差分别为0.170和0.191。不同波长范围也会影响模型的预测和识别性能,在波长区间为750~1 000 nm的光谱所建立的PLSDA模型性能要高于全波长光谱所建立的模型性能,其中经过Savitzky Golay平滑预处理后,模型性能的提高最为明显,且其与原始光谱在校正集和验证集的敏感性和特异性均达到最优,即识别率均可达到100%。因此,可见/近红外光谱分析技术能够对板栗产地进行鉴别。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
12.
瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
15.
About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
16.
在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
17.
Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
18.
在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献