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1.
兽用抗生素胁迫对水芹生长及其抗生素积累的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
土壤和水体环境中抗生素的积累与污染已呈现增加趋势,为了解水体与土壤抗生素污染对植物生长与吸收抗生素的影响及二种介质上植物生长对抗生素污染响应的差异,以水芹为研究植物,分别设计了土培与水培试验,研究了土壤与培养液中不同浓度抗生素(土霉素、恩诺沙星)污染对水芹生长、根系活力、叶绿素含量、过氧化氢酶活性和地上部氮、磷、钾养分积累以及抗生素在水芹各器官中积累迁移的影响。土培试验和水培试验中2种抗生素浓度范围分别为0~10.00 mg kg~(-1)和0~2000μg L-1。结果表明,相同污染水平下,水培试验中抗生素对水芹生长及生理指标的影响明显大于土培试验;抗生素污染对水芹地下部分生长的影响明显大于对地上部分的影响。水培条件下低浓度(50~100μg L-1)的抗生素污染可促进水芹根系的生长,增强根系活力;但土培试验中的这种效应并不明显。总体上,抗生素在水芹中的积累一般是:恩诺沙星土霉素;抗生素在水芹各器官中的积累顺序:根叶、茎。水培试验条件下抗生素在水芹根系中的富集明显高于土培条件下。土霉素对水芹生长的抑制作用大于恩诺沙星。水培条件下高浓度的土霉素和恩诺沙星可促进水芹地上部氮、磷、钾的积累。研究认为,水体抗生素污染对植物生长影响的风险比土壤污染更为明显。 相似文献
2.
秸秆还田是我国培肥地力和增加农田土壤碳固定的重要措施,但进入农田的秸秆存在着活化土壤重金属的风险。为了解不同来源的秸秆对污染水平不同农田土壤重金属活性的影响,采取相应措施防止因秸秆还田对农田土壤重金属的激活,开展了盆栽和田间小区试验研究秸秆还田配施石灰对水田土壤铜、锌、镉、铅活性的影响。盆栽和田间试验在轻度和重度污染2种土壤上同时进行。盆栽试验中施用秸秆包括重污染水稻秸秆、轻污染水稻秸秆和轻污染油菜秸秆3种,石灰用量设对照(0 kg·hm-2)和石灰处理(750 kg·hm-2)2个处理;田间小区试验设对照(不施秸秆和石灰)、秸秆还田及秸秆还田+石灰3个处理。动态观察了试验过程中土壤有效态重金属、重金属形态及水稻籽粒中重金属积累情况。结果表明,试验初期(前20 d)秸秆还田显著增加了水田土壤中水溶性有机碳与水溶性重金属的含量;与对照处理比较,水溶性重金属含量以重度污染土壤增幅较为明显。试验后期(60 d后)秸秆还田对土壤重金属的活性的影响逐渐变得不明显。油菜秸秆还田土壤中水溶性重金属含量低于水稻秸秆还田,重污染水稻秸秆还田土壤中水溶性重金属含量高于低污染水稻秸秆还田。盆栽试验和田间试验的结果都表明,重污染水稻秸秆还田可轻微增加水稻籽粒中镉的积累,但轻度污染水稻秸秆还田与油菜秸秆还田对水稻籽粒镉积累的影响较小;3种秸秆还田对水稻籽粒铅、铜、锌积累的影响不明显。配施石灰可显著降低土壤中水溶性重金属的含量,降低水稻籽粒中重金属的积累。研究认为,在污染农田管理上应控制重污染水稻秸秆还田,在秸秆还田的同时适量配施石灰。 相似文献
3.
土壤和叶面铅污染对铅在水稻体内的分布和积累的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
分别采用土壤添加和叶面喷施Pb(OAC)2·3H2O的方式,进行了黄棕壤盆栽水稻Pb污染试验.结果发现:当土壤添加的Pb量为2000 mg/kg时,水稻地上部分干重与对照相比下降显著,产量无显著变化.叶面Pb污染对水稻地上部分干重和产量均无显著影响.无论是土壤Pb污染还是叶面Pb污染,随着外源Pb污染浓度的增高,水稻植株各部分Pb含量也相应增高,其大小顺序在土壤污染时依次是根＞叶＞茎＞籽粒,叶面污染时是叶片＞根＞茎＞籽粒;不管是土壤Pb污染还是叶面Pb污染,水稻叶片的Pb含量与籽粒Pb含量之间的相关性显著.通过计算得出了水稻籽粒Pb含量与外源Pb污染浓度之间的相关性拟合曲线,从而进一步计算得出黄棕壤总Pb含量毒性临界值是95.7 mg/kg, 叶面污染溶液Pb的毒性临界值在实验条件(喷施9次,每次200 ml)下为46.2 mg/L. 相似文献
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5.
不同磷肥浓度下土壤-水稻系统重金属的时空累积特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对磷肥是水稻田重金属污染的主要来源,采用田间试验与室内分析相结合的研究方法,在吉林省九台市饮马河老稻田区,开展5种磷肥浓度处理对土壤-水稻系统重金属Cd和Pb的时空累积、分布特征研究。结果显示,磷肥中Cd和Pb含量高于土壤背景值,但没有超出国家土壤环境质量（二级）限定范围。磷肥施入土壤后,部分滞留在土壤里,少量向地上部分迁移,水稻根部累积重金属含量较高。随水稻生育期的变化,成熟期重金属在根、叶和籽实累积量最大,茎的重金属累积量在孕穗期达到最大。重金属Cd在水稻各器官的迁移能力为根〉籽粒〉叶〉茎,Pb的迁移能力为根〉叶〉籽粒〉茎,Cd在水稻地上部分的迁移能力要明显强于Pb。磷肥施用量和重金属含量的关系可用线性回归方程来模拟,相关性检验显示重金属累积量与磷肥施用浓度均达到显著相关（P〈0.01）（除根中Cd含量与磷肥浓度达到0.05显著水平）,说明水稻栽培生产中过量使用磷肥,能产生重金属对土壤和稻米的污染,进而导致重金属对人畜健康的潜在威胁。 相似文献
6.
大气沉降对萝卜地上和地下部分铅镉汞砷积累的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为评估大气沉降对蔬菜中重金属积累的潜在影响,选择非污染和污染2种土壤,分别在工业区、城区和农村等3种大气环境下开展露天与大棚种植对萝卜重金属积累的影响试验。结果表明,土壤是萝卜重金属的重要来源,污染土壤中生长的萝卜铅、镉、汞和砷积累明显高于非污染土壤,但试验区大气环境与种植条件对萝卜地上部分重金属含量也有很大的影响,萝卜地上部分重金属含量工业区城区农村,露天种植的萝卜地上部分重金属含量明显高于大棚;大气沉降对大气污染较为严重的工业区萝卜地下部分重金属积累有一定影响,对城区与农村的影响较小。通过清洗方式不能完全清除因大气沉降导致的蔬菜重金属积累,表明由大气沉降的重金属有较高比例已通过蔬菜叶片的气孔进入蔬菜组织内或被蔬菜组织紧密地吸附。研究证实了大气沉降对蔬菜地上部分中镉、铅和汞等重金属积累有直接的作用。 相似文献
7.
长期秸秆还田对污染农田土壤与农产品重金属的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在浙东某地选择一污染农田,布设了秸秆还田、秸秆不还田、秸秆还田+石灰及秸秆不还田+石灰4个处理试验,进行了为期9年的土壤、秸秆、谷物、蔬菜等农产品中重金属动态监测。结果表明,污染农田中施用石灰可明显降低水稻秸秆和谷物及蔬菜中重金属的积累,但对土壤重金属含量影响不明显;施用石灰对水稻秸秆和谷物及蔬菜中重金属降低作用随试验时间逐渐减弱。与秸秆不还田比较,秸秆还田在短期内对土壤、水稻秸秆和蔬菜重金属积累的影响较小,但4~5年后秸秆不还田农田土壤镉、汞积累及水稻秸秆和蔬菜中镉、铅、汞积累明显低于秸秆还田农田,对土壤中铅积累的影响较小;随着试验时间的增加,秸秆还田与秸秆不还田农田之间土壤、水稻谷物及蔬菜中重金属积累的差异逐渐加大。秸秆还田农田土壤有机质和速效钾含量高于秸秆不还田农田。研究结果表明,在镉、汞污染农田中长期推行秸秆还田不利于农产品质量的提高,应控制重污染水稻秸秆还田。 相似文献
8.
《土壤通报》2017,(6):1457-1461
采用土培和砂培方法,等养分条件下探讨了加硅对香蕉幼苗生长与氮、磷、钾吸收分配的影响。结果表明,加硅对香蕉地上部分、根系的生长、氮、磷、钾的吸收与分配的影响与供硅水平密切相关,对根系的影响高于对地上部分的影响。砂培供硅(SiO_2,下同)低于256 mg L~(-1)促进根系生长,对地上部分生长及地上部分钾含量影响不显著;土培加硅0.5 g kg~(-1)和0.8g kg~(-1)显著地降低地上部分生物量及氮含量,提高根系中氮含量,根系氮含量/地上部分氮含量分别比对照提高64.1%和35.9%;砂培加硅256 mg L~(-1)显著提高地上部分磷含量,土培供硅0.5 g kg~(-1)根系中磷含量以及磷在根系/地上部分比例显著提高;与不加硅相比加硅显著提高根系钾/地上部分钾的比例;随供硅水平的提高地上部分硅含量显著提高,根系硅/地上部分硅的比例显著提高,与不加硅相比,供低水平硅降低香蕉地上部分硅的含量。 相似文献
9.
通过盆栽试验,研究了Cd污染条件下,不同浓度褪黑素喷施对大头菜幼苗生长及Cd积累的影响。结果表明,浓度50、100和150μmol/L的褪黑素增加了大头菜幼苗的根长、根系体积、株高、块根直径和块根长度,也增加了其根系、块根、地上部分及可食用部分的生物量,而浓度为200μmol/L的褪黑素则降低了大头菜幼苗的这些指标。不同浓度的褪黑素处理均提高了大头菜幼苗的光合色素(叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量及类胡萝卜素)含量及抗氧化酶(SOD、POD和CAT)活性,并降低了大头菜幼苗根系、块根、地上部分和可食用部分的Cd含量。随着褪黑素浓度的增加,大头菜幼苗各器官的Cd含量呈降低的趋势。因此,喷施褪黑素能够促进大头菜幼苗生长,降低其对Cd的积累。 相似文献
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为了解施用不同种类有机物对污染农田土壤重金属行为的影响,布设了田间小区试验,观察研究施用6种不同类型有机物对土壤水溶性重金属和农作物对重金属吸收等的影响。试验设7个处理,分别为对照(不施有机肥)、施新鲜水稻秸秆、新鲜鸡粪、鸡粪堆肥、新鲜猪粪、猪粪堆肥和商品有机肥,动态检测土壤中水溶性重金属含量、田面水中重金属浓度及收获水稻籽粒中重金属含量的变化。结果表明,与不施有机物的对照处理比较,施用各类有机物在试验前期均可明显提高土壤中水溶性重金属和田面水中重金属的含量,总体上以施用新鲜猪粪的最高,其次为新鲜鸡粪,施用商品有机肥的最低。土壤中水溶性重金属含量随试验时间增长逐渐下降。施用各类有机物对水稻籽粒中重金属的积累影响不明显。土壤中水溶性重金属及田面水中重金属含量均与相应的水溶性碳(DOC)浓度呈显著相关性,表明因有机物施用增加土壤中DOC浓度可能是土壤中水溶性重金属含量增加的主要原因;而不同有机物对土壤重金属活性影响的差异可能与有机物本身的分解程度及可释放DOC大小有关。但施用有机物引起的农田土壤水溶性重金属含量的增加是暂时的,对水稻生长后期籽粒中重金属积累的影响不明显。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
13.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
14.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
19.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
20.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献