共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Sang Y Blecha F 《Animal health research reviews / Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases》2008,9(2):227-235
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are ubiquitous, gene-encoded natural antibiotics that have gained recent attention in the search for new antimicrobials to combat infectious disease. In multicellular organisms, AMPs, such as defensins and cathelicidins, provide a coordinated protective response against infection and are a principal component of innate immunity in vertebrates. In unicellular organisms, AMPs, such as bacteriocins, function to suppress competitor species. Because many AMPs kill bacteria by disruption of membrane integrity and are thus thought to be less likely to induce resistance, AMPs are being extensively evaluated as novel antimicrobial drugs. This review summarizes and discusses the antibiotic properties of AMPs highlighting their potential as alternatives to conventional antibiotics. 相似文献
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靶向抗菌肽的设计策略与应用 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
抗生素问世以来挽救了无数生命，然而近年来抗生素的滥用越来越严重，从而导致多重耐药菌的出现以及机体正常微生物群落的生态失衡等问题，迫使人们开始寻找有效的抗生素替代物。抗菌肽广泛存在于动植物体中，具有抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗病毒及免疫调节等生物学活性，且不易诱发细菌耐药性，在临床和畜牧生产中表现出极好的应用前景。为避免细菌耐药性和微生态紊乱等问题的产生，具有靶向功能的抗菌肽受到科研工作者的青睐，逐渐成为研究的热点，并有望成为抗生素替代物之一。本文对近年来靶向抗菌肽的设计思路及其在临床和畜牧生产中的应用前景进行概述，以期为将来靶向抗菌肽的开发提供新的思路。 相似文献
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《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2016,(1)
With the widespread ban on the use of antibiotics in swine feed,alternative measures need to be sought to maintain swine health and performance.Antimicrobial peptides(AMPs) are part of the nonspecific defense system and are natural antibiotics produced by plants,insects,mammalians,and micro-organisms as well as by chemical synthesis.Due to their broad microbicidal activity against various fungi,bacteria and enveloped viruses,AMPs are a potential alternative to conventional antibiotics for use in swine production.This review focuses on the structure and mechanism of action of AMPs,as well as their effects on performance,immune function and intestinal health in pigs.The aim is to provide support for the application of AMPs as feed additives replacing antibiotics in swine nutrition. 相似文献
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Hao Xiao Fangyuan Shao Miaomiao Wu Wenkai Ren Xia Xiong Bie Tan Yulong Yin 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2015,6(1):19
With the widespread ban on the use of antibiotics in swine feed, alternative measures need to be sought to maintain swine health and performance. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are part of the nonspecific defense system and are natural antibiotics produced by plants, insects, mammalians, and micro-organisms as well as by chemical synthesis. Due to their broad microbicidal activity against various fungi, bacteria and enveloped viruses, AMPs are a potential alternative to conventional antibiotics for use in swine production. This review focuses on the structure and mechanism of action of AMPs, as well as their effects on performance, immune function and intestinal health in pigs. The aim is to provide support for the application of AMPs as feed additives replacing antibiotics in swine nutrition. 相似文献
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多肽类抗生素(AMPs)是目前国内应用较广泛的抗生素种类之一。该类化合物不易被生物体吸收,多数以原形形式随粪便和尿液排出体外,可能会对环境和人类健康造成严重危害。本文综述了环境中AMPs的暴露情况及检测方法,揭示了其在环境中的迁移转化、降解特性及生态效应,同时介绍了其耐药菌和抗性基因的产生和去除技术,分析了该类抗生素环境安全性研究的发展趋势,提出AMPs的环境行为和生态效应研究应从多药联合使用方面及发生机理等进一步深入,未来应开发出更有效地AMPs抗性基因去除技术。本文为全面评估AMPs的环境安全性及有效避免或降低该类抗生素耐药性及抗性基因(ARGs)的传播提供科学依据。 相似文献
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抗生素的滥用导致全球细菌耐药性问题愈发严重，严重威胁人类、畜禽健康及畜牧业发展，功能多样且不易导致细菌产生耐药性突变的抗菌肽（antimicrobial peptides，AMPs）逐渐发展为抗生素的潜在替代品。β-折叠是抗菌肽一个主要的二级结构分类，该类肽通常由一个或多个二硫键来维系结构的稳定，现已发现许多抗菌肽具有此类结构。相比于目前研究广泛的α-螺旋AMP，它们被认为拥有更强的抗酶解能力和更高的细胞选择性。本篇综述介绍了β-折叠抗菌肽的来源和抗细菌机理，并梳理了一些常见的分子设计方法和应用策略，以期为β-折叠抗菌肽的研发应用提供新思路。 相似文献
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抗菌肽是生物体在抵抗外来微生物入侵时产生的一类防御性小肽,在自然界分布广泛,是机体先天免疫系统的重要组成部分。与传统的抗生素相比,抗菌肽分子质量小、水溶性好、热稳定性好、抗菌机理独特、具有广谱的抗细菌、抗病毒、抗真菌、抗肿瘤等活性,且不易诱发细菌产生耐药性等特点。随着细菌耐药问题不断出现及新型抗菌肽的陆续发现,抗菌肽的抗菌活性、溶血性及细胞毒性的机制已成为研究的热点。笔者主要对抗菌肽的分子改造及活性机制的最近研究进展进行阐述,以期为抗菌肽的分子设计改造和应用提供科学的参考依据。 相似文献
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β防御素是猪体内分泌的一类抗菌肽，广泛分布于各个组织中，在抵抗病原入侵和免疫调节中发挥着重要作用。猪β防御素对细菌、真菌和病毒都有很强的杀灭作用，并且具有分子量小、热稳定性好、无残留等优点，是理想的抗生素替代品。研究表明，猪β防御素的表达与个体抗病力正相关，增加内源性防御素表达或直接摄入外源性防御素均能增强机体免疫力并促进生长。脂肪酸、氨基酸、维生素、益生菌、病原微生物等外源刺激皆可影响β防御素的表达。随着防御素相关研究的深入，将有望解决养猪生产中长期使用抗生素而导致的耐药性、药物残留及环境污染等问题。文章介绍了猪β防御素的结构特征、表达特异性及生物学功能，主要综述了外源刺激对β防御素表达的影响及其作用机制，初步说明外源β防御素作为饲料添加剂在仔猪生产中的效果，旨在为猪β防御素的深入研究及其在生猪健康养殖中的应用提供参考。 相似文献
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Shiaki Takagi Lanlan Bai Tomomitsu Ozeki Hikaru Miyagi Kengo Kuroda Shunji Hayashi Hiroshi Yoneyama Tasuke Ando Emiko Isogai 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(3):342-346
The cathelicidin family is one of the several families of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). A bovine myeloid antimicrobial peptide (BMAP‐28) belongs to this family. Recently, the emergence of drug‐resistant bacteria such as methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a big problem. AMPs are expected to be leading compounds of new antibiotics against drug‐resistant bacteria. In this study, we focused on the activity of BMAP‐28 against bacterial cell surfaces. First, we observed morphological change of MRSA caused by BMAP‐28 using a scanning probe microscope. We also studied activities of BMAP‐28 against adherence of S. aureus to fibronectin, collagen type I, collagen type IV. We confirmed whether BMAP‐28 can bind to lipoteichoic acid (LTA) of S. aureus. BMAP‐28 was indicated as damaging the cell surface of MRSA. In a particular range of concentrations, BMAP‐28 promoted adherence of S. aureus against fibronectin and collagens. It was revealed that BMAP‐28 and LTA of S. aureus bound with each other. Our study showed the potential of BMAP‐28 which can damage MRSA and interact with LTA of S. aureus but promote its adherence in some concentrations. This study provides new points of which to take notice when we use AMPs as medicines. 相似文献
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抗菌肽抗病的研究进展 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
抗菌肽具有广谱杀菌,对病毒、真菌、某些肿瘤具有一定的抑制作用,抗菌肽还具有不产生耐药性,对正常细胞无毒害作用,是一种理想的生物制剂。作者综述了近些年来抗菌肽在抗细菌、病毒、真菌和癌症等方面的相关研究,并就抗菌肽在当前存在的问题和未来巨大的应用前景进行了探讨。 相似文献
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Antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria has been a problem in both developed and developing countries. This problem is especially evident in Salmonella typhimurium, one of the most prevalent foodborne pathogens. While performing in vitro gentamicin protection-based invasion assays, we found that certain isolates of multiresistant S. typhimurium can be 'induced' to exhibit new resistance profiles. That is, bacteria become resistant to a wider range of antibiotics and they also exhibit quantitative increases in MIC values for antibiotics that were part of their pre-induction antibiograms. This 'induction' process involves growing the bacteria to stationary phase in the presence of antibiotics such as ampicillin, amoxicillin or ticarcillin. Since the isolates studied exhibited resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin and ticarcillin prior to exposing the bacteria to these antibiotics, the observed phenomenon suggests that resistant Salmonella not only have a selective advantage over non-resistant Salmonella but their resistance phenotypes can be accentuated when an inappropriate antibiotic is used therapeutically. 相似文献
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Background – Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have a pivotal role in cutaneous innate immunity. They are present in the skin of many animals, including mammals, and are both constitutively present and inducible by infection and injury. Functions – Antimicrobial peptides exhibit antimicrobial activity against bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites, with different potencies depending on their peptide structure. They also act as multifunctional effector molecules that influence diverse cellular processes, including cell migration, proliferation and differentiation, cytokine production, angiogenesis and wound healing. Suppressed AMP production has been associated with increased susceptibility to microbial insults and the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. This review highlights recent observations on the expression and role of AMPs, particularly the AMPs cathelicidin and β‐defensin, in healthy and diseased skin. 相似文献
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van den Bogaard AE 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2001,126(18):590-595
Antibiotic use not only selects for resistance in pathogenic bacteria, but also in the commensal flora of exposed individuals. Veterinary surgeons regularly prescribe antibiotics for food animals to treat bacterial infections just as doctors do for human patients. In addition, however, animal feeds contain added antibiotics not for therapy but for economic reasons: to enhance the growth rate of these animals. Several of the antibiotics used as growth promoters are analogues of and fully cross resistant with important antibiotics used in human medicine. As a result of this high exposure to antibiotics, the prevalence of resistant bacteria in the faecal flora of these animals is high. These resistant bacteria can be directly and indirectly, via foods of animal origin, transferred to humans and either colonize the human intestinal tract or exchange their resistance genes with commensal bacteria of humans. As the intestinal flora functions as a reservoir of resistance genes for pathogenic bacteria and because many bacterial species of the intestinal flora are potential pathogens, the efficacy of antibiotic therapy in human medicine may be jeopardized. 相似文献
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V. J Rejish Kumar Seo Byeong Joo Mun Mi Ran Kim Chul-Joong Lee Insun Kim Hongik Park Yong-Ha 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(8):1855-1860
A total of 310 bacterial strains isolated from the porcine gastrointestinal tract were tested for their activity against transmissible
gastroenteritis (TGE) coronavirus and other enteric pathogens. Based on activity, the strains Probio-38 and Probio-37 were
selected as potential probiotics and identified as Lactobacillus plantarum Probio-38 and Lactobacillus salivarius Probio-37 respectively by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Supernatants of these strains inhibited TGE coronavirus in vitro in ST
cells, without any cytopathic effect even after 72 h of incubation. Both the strains exhibited high survival in synthetic
gastric juice. The strains were resistant to 5% porcine bile and exhibited antimicrobial activity against all the 13 enteric
bacterial pathogens tested. These strains also exhibited resistance to most of the antibiotics analyzed. The inhibition of
transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus and enteric bacterial pathogens as well as the bile tolerance, high survival in
gastric juice, and the antibiotic resistance indicate that the two isolated bacterial strains are ideal probiotic candidates
for animal application after proper in vivo experiments. 相似文献
17.
J R Walton 《The Veterinary record》1988,122(11):249-251
The results of large scale surveys have indicated that in general terms antibiotic resistance in bacteria has not increased, especially in Europe and North America. When the prevalence of resistance in specific bacteria has increased the increase has usually been associated with the introduction of a novel antimicrobial agent, whether in human or veterinary clinical practice, but the prevalence of resistance that is recognised may be very small. It would appear that the use of antibiotics in livestock farming during the past 20 years has not compromised public health. Any problems in human medicine which are due to bacterial resistance have resulted from the use of antibiotics in man and not from their use in agriculture. Similarly, any problems in veterinary medicine which are due to bacterial resistance have resulted from the use of antibiotics in animals and not from their use in man. 相似文献
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抗菌肽(AMP)因其具有理化性质稳定、抗菌谱广、耐高温以及不易使靶菌株产生耐药性等特点,作为一种新型的抗菌剂被提出,有望成为饲料抗生素的理想替代品,具有广阔的应用前景。但是随着对AMP的深入研究,发现部分细菌能对AMP产生耐药性。目前,还没有对AMP对革兰氏阳性(G~+)菌芽孢的抗性机制进行深入的研究。AMP对G~+菌的抑菌机制还知之甚少。在本文中,我们对AMP对G~+菌的作用靶点、抑菌机制以及G~+菌对AMP产生的耐药性等方面进行了综述。 相似文献
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Jing Wang Wentao Lyu Wei Zhang Yonghong Chen Fang Luo Yamin Wang Haifeng Ji Guolong Zhang 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2021,(2):598-610
Background: In-feed antibiotics are being phased out in livestock production worldwide. Alternatives to antibiotics are urgently needed to maintain animal health and production performance. Host defense peptides(HDPs) are known for their broad-spectrum antimicrobial and immunomodulatory capabilities. Enhancing the synthesis of endogenous HDPs represents a promising antibiotic alternative strategy to disease control and prevention.Methods: To identify natural products with an ability to stimulate the synthesis of endogenous HDPs, we performed a high-throughput screening of 1261 natural products using a newly-established stable luciferase reporter cell line known as IPEC-J2/pBD3-luc. The ability of the hit compounds to induce HDP genes in porcine IPEC-J2 intestinal epithelial cells, 3 D4/31 macrophages, and jejunal explants were verified using RT-qPCR. Augmentation of the antibacterial activity of porcine 3 D4/31 macrophages against a Gram-negative bacterium(enterotoxigenic E. coli) and a Gram-positive bacterium(Staphylococcus aureus) were further confirmed with four selected HDP-inducing compounds.Results: A total of 48 natural products with a minimum Z-score of 2.0 were identified after high-throughput screening,with 21 compounds giving at least 2-fold increase in luciferase activity in a follow-up dose-response experiment.Xanthohumol and deoxyshikonin were further found to be the most potent in inducing p BD3 m RNA expression,showing a minimum 10-fold increase in IPEC-J2, 3 D4/31 cells, and jejunal explants. Other compounds such as isorhapontigenin and calycosin also enhanced p BD3 m RNA expression by at least 10-fold in both IPEC-J2 cel s and jejunal explants, but not 3 D4/31 cells. In addition to p BD3, other porcine HDP genes such as p BD2, PG1-5, and p EP2 C were induced to different magnitudes by xanthohumol, deoxyshikonin, isorhapontigenin, and calycosin, although clear gene-and cel type-specific patterns of regulation were observed. Desirably, these four compounds had a minimum effect on the expression of several representative inflammatory cytokine genes. Furthermore, when used at HDP-inducing concentrations, these compounds showed no obvious direct antibacterial activity, but significantly augmented the antibacterial activity of 3 D4/31 macrophages(P 0.05) against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.Conclusions: Our results indicate that these newly-identified natural HDP-inducing compounds have the potential to be developed as novel alternatives to antibiotics for prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of infectious diseases in livestock production. 相似文献