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点篮子鱼人工繁育技术研究 总被引：3，自引：6，他引：3
2008年4~6月在海南进行了点篮子鱼的人工繁殖试验,共产卵610×104cell,孵化出仔鱼342.4×104ind,经过30 d土池生态培育,培育出体长约2.5 cm幼鱼32.5×104ind,土塘培育苗种成活率达16.1%。点篮子鱼适宜催产的环境条件为:水温25.5~27.7℃,盐度33.0~34.5,pH值7.9~8.5,DO值6.0~8.8 mg/L。A、B、C三种药品配伍进行催产效果最好,获产率、受精率、孵化率均最高,分别达到60.0%~80.0%、83.2%~90.5%和71.2%~76.8%,效应时间缩短到15~16 h。点篮子鱼受精卵为半浮性卵,孵化积温为649.25时度。当盐度低于26.5时,点篮子鱼受精卵沉于水底;盐度高于38.5时,则浮于水面。水温对胚胎发育影响较大,15℃、20℃试验组胚胎分别发育至原肠晚期、胚孔封闭期死亡,35℃条件下胚胎发育终止于胚体形成期,30℃试验组初孵仔鱼的活力差,畸形率高。点篮子鱼胚胎发育的适温为25℃左右。盐度对点篮子鱼的胚胎发育的影响较大。在盐度34.4~45.7范围内,随着盐度的增加,孵化率降低,畸形率升高。在盐度30.2~34.4范围内,孵化率在60%以上,畸形率在10%以下,最适盐度范围30.2~34.4。初孵仔鱼全长为1.00~1.20 mm,油球一个,出膜3~4 d开始摄食小型轮虫和藻类。点篮子鱼苗15日龄前生长缓慢,之后生长迅速,平均全长与日龄回归方程式为:y=1.120 7e0.109 4x,R2=0.979 5。 相似文献
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大鳞鲃人工繁育试验报告 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从乌兹别克斯坦引进体质量20~40g的野生大鳞鲃(Barbus capito)鱼种,经5年人工培育性腺已发育成熟,2008年5月筛选8尾亲鱼进行人工繁殖试验。结果表明:注射催产药物LHRH-A2、HCG和DOM可促使亲鱼产卵和排精,催产的4尾雌鱼中有3尾成功产卵,获得受精卵4.8万粒,孵出鱼苗3万尾,其催产率、受精率、孵化率分别为75%,72.3%,67.1%。水温20~23℃时,从受精卵到孵出鱼苗需要约70h,到仔鱼上浮开口需要约6d。在哈尔滨地区池塘人工培育大鳞鲃鱼苗,1龄鱼体质量可达(40.06±1.19)g,体长(14.34±0.15)cm。 相似文献
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研究了池塘养殖条件下镜泊湖蒙古鲌的人工繁殖及胚胎和胚后发育。试验结果显示,池养蒙古鲌人工催产的适宜时间为6月上旬,水温为23~26℃。混合激素400IU/kg绒毛膜促性腺激素+4g/kg绒毛膜促性腺激素A2+2mg/kg地欧酮,催产率达80%以上。镜泊湖蒙古鲌成熟卵呈圆球形,淡黄色,半透明,属沉黏性卵;平均卵径为(1.10±0.03)mm,吸水膨胀后的卵径为(1.42±0.05)mm。水温23~25℃时,受精卵至破膜需38h,积温926.3℃·h。镜泊湖蒙古鲌的胚胎发育时序和特征符合鲌属鱼类胚胎发育的一般规律,可分为胚盘、卵裂、囊胚、原肠、神经胚和器官形成6个发育阶段,进一步细分应为21个发育时期,初孵仔鱼全长(4.32±0.31)mm,当达到(5.70±0.47)mm时开始平游摄食。 相似文献
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人工诱导池塘养殖鳗鲡成熟产卵以及胚胎和仔鱼发育 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
降海鳗鲡一直是作为研究鳗鲡人工繁殖的材料,由于降海鳗鲡的资源衰退,选用池塘养殖鳗鲡作为亲本的研究成为热点。尽管人工诱导野生降海鳗鲡获得的胚胎发育过程的研究已报道,但人工诱导池塘养殖鳗鲡的胚胎及仔鱼早期发育未见报道。本文应用池塘养殖日本鳗鲡取代野生降海日本鳗鲡进行人工繁殖,2002年的孵化批次共80次,其中大部分为人工授精卵(60次),一部分(20次)为自然产卵。受精率为(44.03±21.99)%,孵化率为(65.76±19.48)%,共计获得苗种349.9万尾。连续记录了鳗鲡的胚胎和早期仔鱼的发育过程。在水温为20.5℃时,胚胎发育需要时间为49h,所需积温1005℃.h;在水温为22.5℃时,胚胎发育需要时间为39h,所需积温878℃.h;在水温为24.5℃时,胚胎发育需要时间为34h,所需积温833℃.h。 相似文献
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宝石鲈(Scortum barcoo)是原产于澳大利亚的一种杂食性、中型经济淡水鱼类,对饵料要求不高,生长速度较快,肌肉的Omega-3不饱和脂肪酸含量很高,具有较高的食用价值。2001年首次被引进中国,2004年人工繁殖获得成功。为了让人们充分了解该物种的繁殖生物学特性,同时为宝石鲈的开发利用提供基本数据,本研究对宝石鲈的胚胎发育时序及不同水温和盐度对胚胎发育的影响做了较为祥细的观察与研究。采用人工催产、授精获得受精卵,在水温(27.0±0.5)℃孵化,观察胚胎发育情况。成熟卵圆形、透明、漂浮性,卵径0.87~0.92 mm,吸水后卵膜膨胀直径为2.10 mm左右;胚胎明显特征是有一个直径为0.50 mm左右的大油球。出膜仔鱼全长2.00 mm左右,出膜4 d后卵黄完全吸收,并开始摄食,此时仔鱼全长3.5~3.7 mm。胚胎发育的最低和最高临界水温分别是21℃和31℃,最适水温范围是24~27℃,胚胎发育所需时间与水温成负相关关系。胚胎发育的最适盐度范围为0~8,盐度8时,各个发育时期的胚胎和仔鱼的存活率最高,12为临界盐度。因此在生产实践中要掌握好温度和盐度,以获得最佳的种苗生产效果。 相似文献
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为建立美洲黑石斑（Centropristis Striata）人工繁殖技术,研究美洲黑石斑的亲鱼培育、人工繁殖、胚胎发育与苗种培育生产试验。结果表明：亲鱼培育成活率82.6%,产卵7批次,产卵1500×104粒,受精卵呈球形,卵径0.90～1.20mm,平均0.98mm;有一个直径0.13～0.19mm的油球,受精率76.50%,孵出仔鱼860×104尾,孵化率74.94%,此外,美洲黑石斑胚胎发育可划分为受精卵、卵裂、囊胚、原肠胚、神经胚、器官形成6个阶段,共21个时期。水温18～26℃,盐度28～31,pH7.8～8.2的海水中受精卵经26～40h即可孵化出膜。仔鱼经室内水泥池2个月的强化培育,体长可达4.5cm以上,出苗率9.31%。 相似文献
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太湖翘嘴红鲌胚胎发育及胚后发育观察 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
对从太湖收集的野生翘嘴红鲌(Erythroculter ilishaeformis Bleeker)经人工繁殖获得子一代,并在池塘养殖条件下对其进行人工培育获得成熟亲鱼.于2005年6月,经人工催产、人工授精获得受精卵,对其胚胎及胚后发育全过程进行了系统观察.结果表明,池塘养殖条件下人工培育能获得成熟亲鱼,经人工催产所获得的翘嘴红鲌受精卵为圆球型,呈墨绿色、青灰色、黄色等3种颜色;平均卵径为0.9 mm(O.72～1.18 mm),吸水后平均卵径为1.2mm.翘嘴红鲌胚胎发育过程可分为19期,在水温23～25℃范围内,受精30 min后开始第1次卵裂,受精后9 h 20min开始形成器官,受精后约26 h仔鱼开始出膜,刚出膜的仔鱼全长为4.10-4.67 mm,胚胎发育总积温为619.82℃·h.翘嘴红鲌胚后发育过程可分为仔鱼和稚鱼2个阶段共15个发育期,在26～31℃水温下历时670 h,其中仔鱼阶段从鱼苗孵出到腹鳍形成期,稚鱼阶段从鳞片出现到鳞片形成期.对各发育时期外部形态特征进行了详细的描述. 相似文献
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以安宁河支流热水河中的西昌高原鳅作试验对象,对发育良好的成熟个体进行人工繁殖的初步研究,观察仔鱼的形态发育并进行苗种培育试验。试验结果表明,催产药物的组配以每尾雌鱼注射HCG 100 IU+LHRH-A2 5 μg效果最佳。试验共催产亲鱼140组,48 h效应时间后,两次催产率分别为69 %和62 %;成熟卵卵径为(0.9±0.1)mm,呈浅黄色,遇水后具强黏性;在15~17 ℃下,胚胎历时72 h孵化出膜,初孵仔鱼平均全长4.2 mm,受精率分别为65 %和63 %,孵化率分别为74 %和77 %。仔鱼的形态发育结果表明,仔鱼发育较快,与摄食相关的器官在胚后很短时间内得到较快发育;苗种培育成活率为66 %。 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 
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下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献
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Effect of iodophor disinfection of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs on their bacterial and fungus load 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Franz Lahnsteiner 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(7):3901-3909
This study investigated the efficiency of iodophor disinfection (135 ppm active iodine for 15–30 min) of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs against different groups of bacteria and against fungus. Egg samples were taken from non‐disinfected and from disinfected eggs, microorganisms were cultured on specific nutrient media and their mass was measured by turbidimetric methods. Bacteria and fungus mass of non‐hardened eggs could be reduced but not eliminated by iodophor disinfection with 135 ppm active iodine for 15 min. The extent of reduction was 47–65% (Experiment 1). The efficiency of disinfection increased with disinfection time as the reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was 40–55% after 15 min and 58–74% after 30 min (Experiment 2). Disinfection efficiency of iodophor solution diluted in water (reduction 49–57%) and of iodophor solution diluted in sodium chloride solution iso‐osmolar to the oocytes (reduction 52–61%) was similar (Experiment 3). The reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was persistent as it was 39–72% lower in embryos deriving from disinfected eggs than in embryos deriving from non‐disinfected ones (Experiment 4). In conclusion, the tested disinfection method is inadequate to eliminate pathogens completely but it could positively influence immune defence of eggs and embryos. 相似文献
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The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
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T. Citarasu K. Venkatramalingam M. Micheal Babu R. Raja Jeya Sekar M. Petermarian 《Aquaculture International》2003,11(6):581-595
The indiscriminate use of antibiotics and chemicals in shrimp hatcheries has led to biomagnification and that in turn could
lead to rejection of a whole consignment. The application of the bioencapsulation technique as a tool for curative treatment
in shrimp larvae was investigated. Herbs having antibacterial properties such as Solanum trilobatum, Andrographis paniculata and Psoralea corylifolia (methanolic extracts) were bioencapsulated in Artemia and fed to Penaeus monodon post larvae PL 1–25. The post larvae were reared in a medium inoculated with pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Vibrio sp. Post larvae reared in the non-inoculated water and fed with non-enriched Artemia exhibited 90% survival, highest specific growth rate (12.43%) and reduced bacterial load. P. monodon reared in the bacterial inoculated water and fed with the non-enriched Artemia exhibited the lowest survival (10–30%), specific growth rate (8.42–9.1%) and increased bacterial load (2.86 × 103 to 3.76 × 105 cfu/g). The methanolic extracts of the herbs helped to increase survival and specific growth rate and reduced bacterial load
in the P. monodon culture system. Among the three herbal extracts, P. corylifolia enriched Artemia fed post larvae showed the tendency to higher survival (>50%), growth rate (11.5 averaged) and low bacterial load (1.12 × 105 cfu/g).
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献