共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 296 毫秒
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通过自然常温饲育和人工控温(23.6±0.5)℃的降温饲育,研究了3种规格体质量(10、20、50个/kg)刺参于浙江南部海区室内水泥池的度夏。结果表明,常温饲育下,3种规格的刺参体质量均呈负增长,且特定负生长率随着刺参体质量的增加而升高;降温饲育下,10个/kg与20个/kg体质量刺参组呈负增长,而50个/kg体质量刺参组略呈正增长,第30 d与第60 d的特定生长率分别为0.0496%与0.0513%。降温(23.6±0.5)℃饲育能有效提高刺参度夏时的存活率,有效降低刺参的特定负生长率,且刺参体质量越大,有效降低的体质量下降幅度也越大。在浙江南部海区室内水泥池养殖刺参,温度保持在(23.6±0.5)℃时,50个/kg的刺参不夏眠。 相似文献
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刺参养殖是我国海水养殖的支柱产业。刺参的增养殖模式主要包括室内工厂化养殖、池塘养殖、围堰养殖、浅海底播增殖及筏式养殖等,其中池塘养殖刺参面积最大。池塘刺参养殖受气候影响较大,尤其在夏季持续高温、多雨天气下,极易导致池塘养殖刺参大面积死亡甚至绝产,如何避免夏季极端天气下刺参的大面积死亡,使池塘养殖刺参安全度夏,已成为水产养殖行业关注的热点问题。 相似文献
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南北养殖仿刺参营养成分的比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
测定了北方养殖仿刺参(2009年12月取自大连棒棰岛海产有限公司,体质量300～400g)与南移在宁波沿海养殖仿刺参(2010年3月取自宁波象山黄皮岙,体质量300～400g)的营养成分。结果显示,南方养殖仿刺参水分和粗脂肪含量显著高于北方养殖仿刺参,而灰分和粗脂肪含量显著低于北方养殖刺参。南方养殖刺参氨基酸平均含量为(67.00±0.12)g/100g(干质量),高于北方刺参的(52.58±0.11)g/100g,必需氨基酸含量分别为(19.90±0.04)g/100g,(14.38±0.21)g/100g,差异显著;南北刺参的脂肪酸含量分别为1.39%和3.33%,其中不饱和脂肪酸比例分别为(82.74±1.14)%、(78.53±0.67)%。 相似文献
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将体重为（65．26±4．37）g的刺参分成3组（A组为室内低温养殖,B组为夏眠30d后室内低温养殖,C组为夏眠60d后室内低温养殖）,在不同温度条件下养殖120d,期间多次取样分析和比较刺参生长状况和体壁成分的变化。刺参夏眠期体质量显著下降,夏眠后体重增加明显。A、B、c三组刺参的特定生长率分别为-0．03％、0．27％、0．32％/d,存活率分别为91．67％、71．43％、53．57％,说明低温度夏虽然不能促进生长,但成活率高。刺参体壁主要营养成分含量由高到低依次为水分、粗蛋白、灰分、总糖和粗脂肪。养殖30d后,夏眠组与室内低温组相比,粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量增加,水分、灰分和总糖含量减少。实验结束时,A、C两组刺参体壁各营养成分与实验开始时无显著性差异（P〉0．05）;B组除粗脂肪含量显著低于实验开始时（P〈0．05）外,其他体壁营养成分无显著性差异（P〉O．05）。研究表明,高温季节低温饲育并不能解除所有刺参夏眠;刺参经历夏眠蛰伏后有一个体重快速增长期;刺参在体重快速增长的同时,体壁营养成分含量无显著性变化。 相似文献
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回顾近几年,刺参池塘养殖的成与败,并不是因为市场行情或市场价格造成,往往是因为硬件条件或刺参生存底线没能满足,而导致养殖失败.针对刺参养殖关键期,之前我们以介绍了春季管理,现就安全渡夏的关键问题与措施做以下归纳：1安全度夏的几个关键问题。 相似文献
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该研究基于MiSeq高通量测序技术对大连、烟台、霞浦和莆田地区养殖仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)肠道菌落结构进行分析。结果表明,大连、烟台、霞浦和莆田地区养殖仿刺参肠道测得的分类操作单元(OTUs)分别为455、542、440和242。四个样品菌群的物种丰度和优势菌种存在较大差别,其中莆田池塘养殖的仿刺参的肠道菌群比霞浦海上吊笼养殖高2倍多。烟台的仿刺参的丰富度最高,Simpson/Shannon指数达到4.78。四个产地仿刺参肠道中共检测到317个细菌种属。大连养殖仿刺参肠道的主要优势菌群为Lutibacter(10.13%),属拟杆菌门的黄杆菌科,是一种兼性厌氧菌。烟台养殖仿刺参肠道的主要优势菌群为Haliea(21.34%)和Halioglobus(12.58%)。莆田养殖仿刺参肠道中乳球菌属(Lactococcus)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)所占比例较高。在霞浦养殖仿刺参肠道中Formosa含量最高,占细菌总数的比例为87.06%,其次为乳球菌属(Lactococcus),占细菌总数比例为7.71%。文章利用Miseq高通量测序技术对仿刺参肠道菌群结构进行分析,为今后进一步研究仿刺参肠道菌群与其摄食、消化、免疫等之间的关系提供了新的资料。 相似文献
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为了探究刺参(Apoasichopus japonicus)保苗阶段(7–9月)最佳的附着基更换频率(changing frequency,CF),本实验在夏季保苗期设置5个附着基更换频率组,即CF10、CF20、CF_(30)、CF40和CF_(50)。采用实验生态学的方法,并结合传统细菌培养法和16S r DNA细菌鉴定技术对上述不同实验组进行检测。结果表明:CF20组刺参整池增重和个体增重幅度最大,CF_(30)次之,CF_(50)组由于死亡率高,整池重量为负增长。CF20组的特定生长率和存活率分别为(5.986±0.135)%/d和(95.231±0.265)/%,且显著高于其他各组(P0.05),CF_(30)次之,而CF_(50)组的特定生长率和存活率最低,且显著低于其他各组(P0.05)。养殖用水中4NH+-N、2NO--N和COD随着附着基更换频率的降低而升高,并在第50天时分别达到0.53 mg/L、0.28 mg/L、0.18 mg/L。各实验组水体中异养细菌和弧菌数量随附着基更换频率变化不明显,而附着基上的异养细菌和弧菌数量随附着基更换频率的降低而升高,CF_(50)组异养细菌总数在第50天时达到1.38×105 cfu/cm2,弧菌数量达到1.5×104 cfu/cm2,皆明显高于其他各组。附着基上优势菌为溶藻弧菌(Vibrio algindyticus)、需钠弧菌(V.natriegens)、马胃葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus equorum)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、苏云金芽孢杆菌(B.thuringiensis)和副溶血弧菌(V.parahaemolyticus)。其中,溶藻弧菌为刺参条件致病菌,且一直存在于养殖系统中并逐步占据绝对优势。这与CF_(50)组在实验进行到43 d时开始出现化皮,50 d时开始出现死亡现象有一定的关系。同时,附着基长时间未更换,会滋生大量玻璃海鞘、日本毛壶、内刺盘管虫等敌害生物,争夺栖息空间和食物,导致刺参苗种生长减慢。综上,由实验结果显示,在7–9月高温季节每20 d更换一次附着基最佳。考虑到生产成本,附着基更换频率一般为20~30 d为宜。本研究结果为刺参苗种培育工艺的优化及刺参健康养殖提供了理论依据和参考。 相似文献
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The feasibility of co‐culturing the sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota Brandt in a subtropical fish farm was investigated in a field study. Sea cucumbers were cultured in the fish farm in cages suspended at 4 m deep (suspended culture) and directly on the seafloor (bottom culture). The survival and growth of the sea cucumbers were monitored twice during the 3‐month, summer experimental period (May 26–August 14, 2010). Results showed that the suspension‐cultured sea cucumbers exhibited excellent survival rate (100%) during the whole study period. There also occurred no mortality in the bottom‐cultured sea cucumbers during the first culture period (May 26–July 13); but all these died from anoxia caused by water column stratification during the second culture period (July 14–August 14). The specific growth rate of the bottom‐cultured sea cucumbers (1.05 ± 0.21 % day?1) was nearly double that of the suspended culture animals (0.57 ± 0.21 % day?1) during the first culture period, and the growth rates of the suspended culture sea cucumbers in the second culture periods (0.46 ± 0.24 % day?1) was only a little lower than that of the first period. The sea cucumbers H. leucospilota could ingest and assimilate sediment with high organic matter content with an average assimilation efficiency of 14.9 ± 3.9%. This study indicated that fish farm detritus can be effectively used as a food source for the sea cucumber and that it can be turned into a valuable secondary crop in the form of the sea cucumber biomass. 相似文献
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研究了褐藻酸钠寡糖(AOS)和壳寡糖(COS)对仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)生长及免疫功能的影响。实验分为对照组、COS组和AOS组,对照组投喂企业常规饲料,COS组在对照组饲料基础上添加壳寡糖(1 g·kg~(-1)),AOS组在对照组饲料基础上添加褐藻酸钠寡糖(1 g·kg~(-1))。在第30、60、90天,测定各组仿刺参的质量,并在第90天随机采集50 ind仿刺参的体腔液,测定酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和一氧化氮合酶等免疫酶的活力。结果表明,AOS组和COS组仿刺参体质量分别比对照组增长16.4%和18.2%;AOS组仿刺参的酸性、碱性磷酸酶活性分别提高了75.1%和67.3%;而COS组仿刺参的过氧化氢酶和一氧化氮合酶的活性分别提高了190.3%和55.6%。海洋寡糖COS和AOS作为仿刺参的免疫增强剂,可有效提高幼参的生长性能和免疫力,其中COS的作用效果优于AOS。 相似文献
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The bottom culture of southward‐transplanted sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus in a subtropical fish farm was investigated in a field study at Dapeng Cove, Daya Bay, from January 5–August 5 2011, with the aim of finding the ideal period for culturing A. japonicus in fish farms, and developing an integrated multi‐trophic aquaculture (IMTA) in southern China. Results showed that the bottom‐cultured sea cucumbers survived well (100%) before summer, survival rates decreased to 65.00 ± 21.21% in July, and all animals had died at the end of the study. Specific growth rates of the sea cucumbers were high during winter (1.05 ± 0.03% d?1), decreased in early spring (0.44 ± 0.11% d?1) and became negative in the following months. Growth rate was mainly influenced by water temperature, dissolved oxygen and sulphide content; the anoxia caused by water column stratification at the seafloor in the summer were the main causes of mass mortality. Our results indicate that bottom culture in the temperate season (winter and spring, optimally from late November to early April) is a viable way to rear the deposit feeder A. japonicus underneath a subtropical fish farm. 相似文献
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Norman Reichenbach Yoosuf Nishar Ahamed Saeed 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1996,27(4):475-482
Abstract.— Juveniles of four species of tropical sea cucumbers of moderate to high commercial value were studied to determine their potential for being propagated asexually by evaluating their survival and regeneration times after being forced to undergo transverse fission. The four species were Holothuria fuscogilva.H. nobilis, Actinopyga mauritiana , and Stichopus variegatus . Rubber bands placed midbody on the sea cucumbers provided an effective yet simple technique to induce fission. Posterior parts of animals had similar or higher survivorship and shorter regeneration times relative to the anterior parts. Combining this information with that collected earlier on adults indicated that smaller animals (both anterior and posterior parts) had higher survivorship (up to 100%) and shorter regeneration times (as fast as 41 d) relative to adult animals of the same species. Using percent weight retained after processing into beche-de-mer, a rough measure of body wall thickness, and size of the animal relative to the adult weight, a multiple regression equation was calculated to predict percent survival and regeneration times for both anterior and posterior parts. The equation illustrated that small, thin-walled species would have the highest survivorship and shortest regeneration times. As the percent weight retained increased, as would be the case with more thick-walled species, and as the animal approached the adult weight, survivorship declined and the regeneration time increased. 相似文献
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本研究比较分析了在对照组(pH为8.4)、低pH胁迫组(pH为6.8、7.0、7.2、7.4、7.6和7.8)和高pH胁迫组(pH为8.6、8.8、9.0、9.2、9.4和9.6)的养殖水环境下,胁迫36 d对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus Selenka)存活、生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果显示,不同pH对刺参存活、生长及抗氧化酶活性有显著影响。在pH 7.4~9.0范围内,刺参存活率为100%,随着pH胁迫强度和胁迫时间的增加,刺参存活率逐渐降低,当pH为6.8、7.0和9.6时,自第3天起,刺参处于过度应激状态,继而有死亡个体出现,至30 d时刺参死亡率为100%。不同pH显著影响刺参生长,刺参特定生长率随pH胁迫程度增加呈下降趋势,当pH为9.0时,刺参出现负增长。各pH胁迫组刺参超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均高于对照组,且随pH胁迫程度的增加呈先升高后下降的变化趋势。在低pH组中,以pH=7.4时刺参SOD和CAT活性最高,分别达到(74.92±2.24)U/ml和(14.99±2.38)U/ml,显著高于对照组;而在高pH组中,SOD和CAT活性分别以pH 8.8和9.0时最高,分别达到(72.90±1.10)U/ml和(15.68±0.89)U/ml,显著高于对照组。结果表明,pH在7.4~9.0范围内是刺参存活与生长的适宜水环境,过高或过低均会引起刺参不同程度的应激反应,进而导致刺参的死亡。 相似文献
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The system nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) budget, N/P utilization rate and the physiological response mechanism of the abalone Haliotis discus hannai (body weight: 12.87 ± 0.82 g) and the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (body weight: 10.85 ± 1.16 g) to different co‐culture environment conditions were examined. Animals were kept in a multilayer, cubic recirculating aquaculture system at different polyculture densities (abalones at 400 ind/m2in monoculture [Group C] and abalones at 400 ind/m2with sea cucumbers at 10 ind/m2 [AS1] or 20 ind/m2 [AS2]). Each treatment was replicated four times, and the experimental cycle was 90 days. No significant difference in survival rate of abalones was detected when the stocking density of sea cucumbers increased from 10 to 20 ind/m2, but the concentrations of total ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the water were significantly higher in AS2 than in AS1. Survival rate, specific growth rate (SGR) of body weight of sea cucumbers and SGR of body weight of abalones were significantly lower in AS2 than in AS1. No significant difference in protease (PES), lipase, amylase and cellulase activities of abalones was identified between Group C and AS1, but the PES and amylase activities of abalones and sea cucumbers in AS1 were significantly higher than those in AS2. In AS1, the N/P output from harvesting of abalones and sea cucumbers and the N/P utilization rates were significantly higher than those in AS2. Although the N/P output from faeces was significantly lower in AS2 than in Group C and AS1, the N/P output from the water layer was significantly higher than that in AS1. The expression levels of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn‐SOD) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) of both abalones and sea cucumbers in AS2 were significantly higher than those in AS1. No significant difference in expression of catalase (CAT) and HSP90of abalones was identified among these groups, but the expression levels of CAT and HSP90of sea cucumbers in AS2 were significantly higher than those in AS1. These results indicate that stocking sea cucumbers at 10 ind/m2 in the polyculture system will relieve the organic load on the system and improve the N/P utilization rate. It will also increase aquaculture production and improve the ecological and economic benefits of the system. 相似文献
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Yichao Ren Shuanglin Dong Xiubin Wang Qinfeng Gao Senhao Jiang 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(2):177-187
This study investigated monthly changes of sedimentation and sediment properties in three different culture systems (ponds) – i.e. jellyfish Rhopilema esculenta monoculture (J), sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus and jellyfish co‐culture (SJ) and sea cucumber monoculture (S) – to verify the feasibility of co‐culturing jellyfish and sea cucumbers. Results showed that jellyfish culture accelerated the settling velocity of total particulate matter (TPM). Average TPM settling velocities in the SJ (75.6 g m?2 day?1) and J (71.1 g m?2 day?1) ponds were significantly higher than that in the S pond (21.7 g m?2 day?1) from June to September during the jellyfish culture period. Average settling velocities of organic matter (OM), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in the SJ pond increased significantly by 3.0, 2.9, 3.3 and 3.8 times, respectively, compared with those in the S pond. Sediment contents of OM, TOC, TN and TP in the SJ and J ponds were significantly higher than those in the S pond during the jellyfish culture season. The specific growth rate of sea cucumbers feeding on SJ sediment was significantly higher than that of those feeding on S sediment. Co‐culturing sea cucumbers with jellyfish may help alleviate benthic nutrient loading due to the jellyfish and provide a secondary cash crop. 相似文献
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Suspended culture of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus below a Pacific oyster raft – potential for integrated multi‐trophic aquaculture 
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下载免费PDF全文 Hisashi Yokoyama 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(4):825-832
To discuss the possibility of co‐culturing Pacific oyster with the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus, a field experiment was conducted in an oyster farm. Apostichopus japonicus juveniles (mean wet weight, 0.08 g) were cultured below an oyster raft and at a control station for 216 days, and the wet weight and stable isotope ratios (δ13C, δ15N) were analysed together with settling organic matter (OM) collected using sediment traps. All sea cucumbers cultured below the raft survived (survival rate, 100%), while at the control station one individual disappeared (96%). During 216 days, the juveniles at the oyster and control stations grew to a mean weight of 5.5 and 2.6 g, attaining respective specific growth rates of 2.0% and 1.6% (paired t‐test, P < 0.001). Settlement rates of carbon and nitrogen at the oyster station were ~5 times larger than those at the control station. The stable isotope analysis showed that settling OM at both stations originated from coastal phytoplankton and that phytoplankton represented the primary food source for A. japonicus. The rapid growth of A. japonicus at the oyster station was concluded to be due to the abundant supply of oyster biodeposits, which could be ingested by this species. 相似文献