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1.
Caprine arthritis-encephalitis syndrome (CAE) is a viral disease of domestic goats characterized by chronic proliferative synovitis and periarthritis of adult goats while acute afebrile leukoencephalomyelitis is characteristic in goat kids. The causative agent, a Lentivirus, is transmitted from adult goats to kids via the colostrum or lateral transmission also occurs. The CAE virus is worldwide in distribution. All breeds and ages of goats are susceptible to infection, and once established it persists throughout the animal's life. A diagnosis can be based on the clinical signs, pathological changes, and demonstration of serum antibody levels. A vaccine is not available. Control or eradication of the disease is based on periodic serological testing, culling of all CAE antibody-positive animals, and separation of kids from adults following birth.  相似文献   

2.
Ten goats were inoculated with peste des petits ruminants virus, a paramyxovirus closely related to rinderpest virus. All goats developed severe clinical disease, 8/10 having coughing or dyspnea as prominent clinical signs. In addition, all of the goats had stomatitis and diarrhea. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical studies were done only on the respiratory tracts. Pathologic changes ranged from mild multifocal bronchiolitis and bronchitis to severe bronchointerstitial pneumonia. Lesions were more severe in anteroventral than caudal lobes. The histologic nature of the viral process in the goat lungs had many features in common with the processes of pneumonia in dogs, due to canine distemper, or pneumonia in human beings, due to measles virus. Immunohistochemical staining of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded respiratory tract tissue was performed using an indirect system with rabbit anti-rinderpest virus serum, biotinylated anti-rabbit antibody, streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase, and nitroblue tetrazolium chromogen. Staining was sensitive, highlighting the presence of viral antigen in both lung and trachea of all goats. Viral antigen was found in both cytoplasm and nucleus of tracheal, bronchial, and bronchiolar epithelial cells, type II pneumocytes, syncytial cells, and alveolar macrophages. In general, the amount of staining correlated directly with the severity of the inflammatory process.  相似文献   

3.
Goat kids from a herd endemically infected with caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE) virus were raised according to 3 methods. One group of ten goat kids was removed from infected does at birth before suckling or licking by the doe could occur (snatch birth technique). Kids were fed on goat colostrum, which had been heated to 57 degrees C for ten minutes and then held in a thermos flask for one hour. Subsequently the kids were fed reconstituted spray dried cows' milk powder. They were raised apart from infected goats with separation maintained by a wire fence. Contact occurred across-the-fence. Passively acquired serum antibody to CAE virus was detected in some kids at two to three months of age. Nine of the ten goats were negative for serum antibody to CAE virus when tested at 5-6, 9 and 12 months of age. One goat was positive at three and nine months of age but was negative when tested at 12 months of age. A second group of four kids was removed at birth and fed heat-treated goat colostrum, followed by milk from CAE virus-infected does. All four kids became infected with CAE virus; they developed serum antibody to CAE virus between 5-6 and 9 months of age. A third group of two kids was not removed from their infected dams. Both kids were infected at 5-6 and 9 months of age.  相似文献   

4.
Caprine arthritis-encephalitis syndrome (CAE) is a viral disease of domestic goats characterized by chronic proliferative synovitis and periarthritis of adult goats while acute afebrile leukoencephalomyelitis is characteristic in goat kids. The causative agent, a Lentivirus, is transmitted from adult goats to kids via the colostrum or lateral transmission also occurs.The CAE virus is worldwide in distribution. All breeds and ages of goats. are susceptible to infection, and once established it persists throughout the animal's life. A diagnosis can be based on the clinical signs, pathological changes, and demonstration of serum antibody levels.A vaccine is not available. Control or eradication of the disease is based on periodic serological testing, culling of all CAE antibody-positive animals, and separation of kids from adults following birth.Kansas Agriculture Experiment Station Contribution #84-148-J.  相似文献   

5.
Nigerian strain of Peste des Petit Ruminant (PPR) virus and Mannheimia haemolytica (MH) biotype A serotype 2, was used successfully to reproduce a concurrent disease in West African Dwarf goats. The development of the various pathological features were studied at regular intervals following infection. The acute inflammatory reaction which had developed by day 3 after initial infection was characterised by flooding of the alveoli by neutrophils, oedema, hemorrhage and syncytial cells together with a moderate bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial necrosis. This progressed to a milder acute broncho interstitial pneumonia with giant cells. At this stage, the mucosal immunity were well developed especially the aggregate form of NALT and more of nodular forms of BALT. The organisms were demonstrated with strong immunostaining in the necrotic center, necrotic alveolar wall, fibrin, serous exudate, and degenerated leukocyte in the alveoli and respiratory airways. The bacterial antigens were observed as a strong immunostaining in the blood vessels of the nasal septum, sinusoid in the liver and interstium of the kidney, cytoplasm of alveolar macrophages, pneumocytes, bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium, in the monocytes in the blood vessels. These findings confirmed the enhancement of MH tropism especially in the respiratory tract, liver and kidney. It also showed that West african dwarf goats are highly susceptible to the intratracheal combined infection of PPR virus and MH. The fact that the infection induces strong mucosal responses, this phenomenon can be explored in Africa with the use of combined PPR virus and MH intranasal vaccines to curtail the menace of pneumonia associated with the combined infection on field.  相似文献   

6.
Intranasal exposure of goats to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus resulted in mild respiratory disease and virus reisolation from nasal secretions. No disease was produced in goats exposed to the same virus by the genital or ocular routes. There was serological evidence of contact transmission of infection from infected goats to cattle. Virus recrudescence was not detected in goats treated with dexamethasone two months after virus inoculation.  相似文献   

7.
The caprine arthrite encephalite (CAE) is a disease that affects especially dairy goat. The virus shows compartmentalization features, that allows it to hide at certain times during the course of the disease, making it difficult to control. The present study was conducted to identify the major seminal plasma protein profile of goats infected by CAE and its associations with seroconversion using Western blotting. Two groups containing five males each, were used in this experiment. The first group was composed by seropositive animals and the control by seronegative confirmed by Western blotting and PCR. The semen was collected through artificial vagina and after that, two-dimensional electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF MS were used. Seventy-five spots were identified in the goat seminal plasma gels, equivalent to 13 different proteins with more expression. The similar proteins found in both groups and related to reproduction were spermadhesin Z13-like, bodhesin and bodhesin-2, Lipocalin, protein PDC-109-like, and albumin. In infected goats, proteases such as arisulfatase A have been identified, whose function probably is related to metabolism control of sulfatides, involved to virus control. The other ones were bifunctional ATP-dependent dihydroxyacetone kinase/FAD-AMP lyase, cathepsin F isoform X1, disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 2-like isoform X1, clusterin, carbonic anhydrase 2, electron transfer flavoprotein subunit beta, and epididymal secretory glutathione peroxidase. The results of this study show the reaction of the innate immune system against chronic infection of goats by CAE.  相似文献   

8.
Pneumonia is a leading cause of loss to ruminants throughout the world. Parainfluenza type-3 virus (PI-3) is one of the most important respiratory pathogens of bovine and ovine. In this study, prevalence of PI-3 virus infection as causative agent of pneumonia in goats was investigated. For this purpose, a total of 1505 goat lungs slaughtered in Bitlis and Van slaughterhouses were grossly examined and pneumonia was detected in 74 cases (4.91%). Lesions were more frequently encountered in anteroventral lobes than caudal lobes. With the exception of verminous pneumonia observed in 32 cases, immunohistochemical examinations were performed on 42 pneumonic lungs. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded lung tissue samples were immunohistochemically stained by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex procedure using polyclonal antibodies to detect PI-3 viral antigens. The presence of PI-3 viral antigens was detected in 28 (66.6%) of 42 pneumonic lungs. Viral antigens were found most frequently in the cytoplasm of bronchiolar epithelial cells, type II pneumocytes, and less frequently in the epithelial cells of bronchial glands, syncytial cells, alveolar macrophages, and lymphocytes and plasma cells. In conclusion, it was found that there was a close relationship between the pneumonia in goats and the presence of PI-3 viral antigens. Incidence of PI-3 virus in pneumonic lungs of goats was detected to be very high in the present study performed in the region of Bitlis and Van, Turkey.  相似文献   

9.
In sheep, alpha(2)-agonists can induce severe hypoxaemia. In goats, reports on changes in oxygenation are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to compare the cardiopulmonary effects of dexmedetomidine in six goats and four sheep anaesthetised with sevoflurane and maintained at approximately 1 minimal alveolar concentration. The animals were ventilated mechanically and held in an upright position to minimise the influence of positioning on pulmonary function. After baseline cardiopulmonary measures, 2 microg/kg dexmedetomidine was injected intravenously over one minute, and measurements were made for 120 minutes. In both species, respiratory resistance, alveolar dead space and shunt fraction increased and thoracic compliance decreased significantly; arterial, pulmonary arterial, pulmonary capillary wedge and central venous pressures increased and heart rate and cardiac output decreased significantly. Arterial oxygen tension decreased significantly, with no significant difference between the goats and sheep. Wide interindividual differences were observed in both the goats (mean [sd] 144 [149.1] mmHg, range 54.8 to 443.7 mmHg) and sheep (mean [sd] 129.8 [132.1] mmHg, range 33.7 to 352.8 mmHg), but the cardiovascular and respiratory changes were similar in the two species.  相似文献   

10.
本实验用琼脂凝胶免疫扩散试验（ＡＧＩＤＴ）和免疫印迹试验（ＩＢＡ）对实验感染绵羊进行性肺炎病毒（ＯＰＰＶ）的山羊血清与山羊关节炎—脑炎病毒（ＣＡＥＶ）抗原以及实验感染ＣＡＥＶ的绵羊血清与ＯＰＰＶ抗原的交叉反应进行了研究。４只接种ＯＰＰＶ的山羊中有一只山羊的血清可与ＣＡＥＶ琼扩抗原发生交叉反应,并在免疫印迹试验中可识别ＣＡＥＶ的ｇｐ４４、ｐ３５和ｐ２８。２只接种ＣＡＥＶ的绵羊中有一只绵羊的血清可与ＯＰＰＶ琼扩抗原发生交叉反应,并在免疫印迹试验中可识别ＯＰＰＶ的ｇｐ４４和ｐ２８。以上的交叉反应结果表明ＯＰＰＶ与ＣＡＥＶ的抗原之间具有密切的相关性,这对于ＯＰＰＶ通过山羊和ＣＡＥＶ通过绵羊的传代研究是非常重要的,并对将来的免疫预防策略具有重要的指导意义。  相似文献   

11.
Serum samples were collected from 1,075 clinically normal sheep and goats from 77 flocks in 7 agricultural regions of Quebec from June to August 1982. Sheep and goats were tested for antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, and bovine herpes-virus-1 by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique and for parainfluenza-3 virus by the hemagglutination inhibition test. The prevalence of antibodies in animals to respiratory syncytial virus was 31%; to bovine viral diarrhea virus, 22.2%; to bovine herpesvirus-1, 10.8%; and to parainfluenza-3 virus, 23.2%. Antibodies prevailed in similar proportions in young (less than 1 year) and adult (greater than 1 year) animals.  相似文献   

12.
Caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) is a lentivirus-induced disease of goats used as a model for the study of lentiviral infections. Tc-99m-MDP scintigraphy was investigated as a method to quantitate the severity of joint inflammation in CAE virus-induced arthritis in six goats (12 carpi). Carpal/metacarpal Tc-99m-MDP uptake ratio was compared to a clinical indicator of joint inflammation and histopathologic grading. Quantitative joint scintigraphy provided a better correlation (r = 0.75, p < 0.001) with histopathologic grading than the clinical indicator (r = 0.18, p > 0.10). Quantitative Tc-99m-MDP joint scintigraphy should be used when non-invasive quantitation of joint inflammation is needed for pathogenetic studies of CAE.  相似文献   

13.
The influence of caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) virus infection on the population of peripheral blood leukocytes in goats was evaluated. For this purpose two groups of adult dairy female goats were formed. The experimental group consisted of 17 goats, which had been naturally infected for many years. The control group comprised 29 non-infected goats, which originated from CAE-free herd. All goats were clinically healthy. Whole blood was collected and tested in hematological analyzer and light microscope to assess the total number of leukocytes and the percentage of four leukocyte populations--neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes and lymphocytes. Then, flow cytometry with monoclonal antibodies against several surface antigens (namely CD14, CD2, B-B2, CD4, CD8h, TCR-N6, WC1-N2 and WC1-N3) was performed to assess the proportion of lymphocyte subpopulations. Statistically significant differences (alpha < or = 0.01) were observed only in the subpopulations of T lymphocytes--percentage of all subpopulations were significantly higher in the group of seropositive goats. No statistically significant differences were revealed with respect to the total number of blood leukocytes, the average percentage of blood leukocyte populations and proportions of both T and B lymphocytes.  相似文献   

14.
Ultrastructural changes occurred in alveolar epithelium in the acute and repair stages of induced respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia induced in eight calves (calf Nos. 1-7, 3 to 6 days old and calf No. 8, 2 weeks old), using a bovine strain of respiratory syncytial virus. Five of the calves were Friesians, three were Hereford x Friesians, and all were male. Tissues from three mock-infected control calves (two Friesian, one Hereford x Friesian) were also examined. Evidence of respiratory syncytial virus infection was observed in both type I and type II pneumocytes from day 4 to day 8 after infection. Infection of type I pneumocytes frequently resulted in necrosis. The response of type II pneumocytes to respiratory syncytial virus infection varied and included hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and syncytial formation. In some infected type II pneumocytes, there were numerous irregular projections of the cell surface, associated with viral budding. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes, epithelial syncytium formation, and irregular cytoplasmic projections from epithelial cells caused considerable thickening of respiratory membrane and occlusion of alveolar lumina. Neutrophils were frequently observed in close association with virus-infected epithelial cells, but evidence of respiratory syncytial virus infection and replication was not observed in alveolar macrophages or neutrophils. Proliferation of type II pneumocytes appeared to play a major role in maintaining the integrity of the alveolar epithelium during the acute stage of the experimental pneumonia. Increased numbers of type II pneumocytes were present on alveolar walls, particularly from 4 to 8 days after infection, and some alveoli were lined entirely by this cell type. In some areas, however, squamous epithelial cells were also involved in covering exposed alveolar basement membrane.  相似文献   

15.
The objectives of our research were to determine whether bovine pulmonary type-II alveolar epithelial cells could be isolated from bovine lung and maintained in tissue culture and to determine whether isolated bovine type-II alveolar epithelial cells would support productive viral replication of bovine parainfluenza type-3 virus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus. Type-II alveolar epithelial cells were isolated from lungs of 4- to 7-day-old male Holstein calves by enzymatic dissociation of pulmonary tissue with trypsin and by separation of cells with the use of filtration and centrifugation on continuous Percoll gradients. Cells were further separated by panning on IgG-coated plastic plates and by lectin binding. Isolated type-II alveolar cells were maintained on basement membrane-coated tissue cultured plates. In culture, type-II cells formed alveolar structures and maintained other cytologic features of type-II cells, including osmiophilic lamellar inclusions. Cell cultures were inoculated with and supported productive replication of bovine parainfluenza type-3 virus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus. This was determined by recovery of infectious viruses from inoculated cell cultures and by identification of viral structures in type-II alveolar epithelial cells by transmission electron microscopy.  相似文献   

16.
Bovine blood lymphocytes, depleted of macrophages by absorption on plasma-gelatin coated plastic flasks, followed by passage through Sephadex G-10 columns, failed to respond to pokeweed mitogen stimulation. Adherent monocytes or alveolar macrophages added to purified lymphocyte preparations at 10% or less were able to restore the transformation response. Exposure of alveolar macrophages or purified lymphocytes to 2 bovine respiratory syncytial virus strains for 24 hours substantially reduced the transformation response when mixed with uninfected lymphocytes or macrophages. Exposure of alveolar macrophages or purified lymphocytes to 2 bovine parainfluenza type 3 virus strains produced a similar reduction in activity after 48 hours. Heat inactivation of the viruses removed their inhibitory ability. Immunofluorescence studies revealed that both alveolar macrophages and lymphocytes were permissive for parainfluenza type 3 virus, whereas only a small number of alveolar macrophages and lymphocytes were infected with respiratory syncytial virus. The results suggest that both viruses are capable of adversely affecting the interaction between macrophages and lymphocytes, although the mechanisms by which this is achieved may be different.  相似文献   

17.
The protective effect of sera produced in swine and goats exposed to virulent transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) or modified-live TGEV was tested in hysterectomy-derived, colostrum-deprived three-day-old pigs. Pigs were given serum with their daily ration of milk, and their immunity to virulent TGEV was determined. The pigs were observed for ten days for clinical signs of TGEV infection. One of nine pigs receiving goat serum was protected whereas all three pigs receiving three doses of swine serum per day were protected. Because virus was not isolated from the goats after oral/intranasal vaccination, it is suggested the virus did not replicate in either the respiratory or digestive tract of the goat.  相似文献   

18.
A recently assembled commercial herd of Alpine goats was studied. Milk production criteria--305-day milk production (M), butter fat content (BF), and solids nonfat content (SNF)--and somatic cell counts (linear score) were monitored by Dairy Herd Improvement Association test records. Milk samples from all milking goats in the herd were obtained for bacteriologic culture for mastitis organisms on 2 occasions; the infection rate ascribed to major pathogens was 3%. In November 1985, serum specimens were obtained from 154 does in first lactation. Of these, 56 (36%) were seropositive for caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) antibodies by agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID), 91 (59%) were seronegative, and serotest results for 7 (5%) were inconclusive. In December, 80 seronegative and 48 seropositive goats remained in the herd and had 305-day projections available. The median production values for seronegative goats (1,539.5 lb of M, 52 lb of BF, 46 lb of SNF) were higher than those for seropositive goats (1,446 lb of M, 45 lb of BF, 44.5 lb of SNF), but this difference was only significant (t test, P less than 0.05) for BF. Does were ranked by a formula that combined M, BF, and SNF, with a desired minimal daily herd average of 5 lb of M, 3% BF, and 3% SNF. A decision was made not to keep offspring from does of the lowest quartile before CAE test results were obtained. This group consisted of 13 of the 80 (16%) seronegative goats and 18 of the 48 (38%) seropositive goats. Thus, a positive CAE test result by AGID was associated (chi 2, P less than 0.01) with poor production.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

19.
The ability of alphaherpesviruses to infect different ruminant species may have important implications for control/eradication efforts. Serological data indicate that goats may be naturally infected with bovine herpesviruses. To investigate the susceptibility of goats to bovine herpesvirus-5 (BoHV-5), 3-4-month-old kids were inoculated intranasally with each of three Brazilian BoHV-5 isolates (G1, n=8; G2, n=5; G3, n=5). The acute infection was characterized by virus shedding in nasal secretions for up to 14 days (titers up to 10(5.97)TCID(50)/mL), mild respiratory signs and conjunctivitis. All animals seroconverted to BoHV-5, developing virus neutralizing (VN) titers from 4 to 32 to the homologous viruses. At day 60 post inoculation (pi), two animals from each group were euthanized for tissue collection and the remaining goats were submitted to dexamethasone administration (0.4 mg kg(-1) for 5 days). Dexamethasone treatment resulted in virus reactivation in 9 out of 12 animals, as ascertained by virus shedding and/or by increase in VN titers. Virus shedding was detected in 8/12 animals and lasted from 1 to 9 days. Latent viral DNA was detected by PCR in the olfactory bulb and/or trigeminal ganglia of 6/6 goats euthanized at day 60 pi and in 12/12 animals euthanized 40 days post-dexamethasone. These results show that young goats are susceptible to BoHV-5 and may shed virus upon reactivation of latent infection. Thus, it is reasonable to expect that goats raised in close contact with cattle in areas where BoHV-5 is endemic may be infected and therefore should be considered potential reservoirs of the virus.  相似文献   

20.
为了研究半胱胺对奶山羊乳腺发育的影响,选6只空怀奶山羊进行自身前后对照试验和8只妊娠奶山羊进行同胎次配对试验。结果表明,空怀奶山羊对照期乳腺的腺泡很少发育,几乎看不到乳导管,试验期乳腺有明显导管生长和少量腺泡发育;妊娠奶山羊对照组乳腺随着妊娠的进行有少量腺泡发育,腺导管有明显的生长,试验组乳腺有大量的腺泡发育,腺导管生长更明显,且有分泌物出现,血浆中与乳腺发育相关的激素水平明显升高。  相似文献   

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