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1.
Abstract – Native fish species coexist with introduced species in Puerto Rico's freshwater systems, yet competition between these species has not been evaluated. We examined the extent of diet overlap between native bigmouth sleepers Gobiomorus dormitor and introduced largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides and peacock bass Cichla ocellaris in a Puerto Rico reservoir. Bigmouth sleepers and largemouth bass exhibited an ontogenetic shift in feeding habits, whereas peacock bass were exclusively piscivorous at all sizes collected in this study. Biologically significant diet overlap was observed between large bigmouth sleepers and largemouth bass, but not between large bigmouth sleepers and peacock bass, or between large largemouth bass and adult peacock bass. No significant diet overlap in any species combination was observed in small or medium size classes. Better understanding of the ecology of these coexisting predators should lead to improved conservation of bigmouth sleepers, and improved fisheries management for all three predatory species. 相似文献
2.
Abstract – We assessed temporal dynamics and variation among species and age-classes in the diets of age 0 and age 1 piscivorous fish species in Spirit Lake, Iowa, USA during 1997 and 1998. Species included walleye Stizostedion vitreum , yellow perch Perca flavescens , smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieui , largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides , black crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus and white bass Morone chrysops. Thirty taxa were identified in diets, including 12 species of fish. We found dramatic differences in diets among species, among age-classes within species and over time. Walleye, largemouth bass, smallmouth bass and white bass were piscivorous at age 0. Black crappie began piscivory at age 1. Yellow perch also began piscivory at age 1, but fish were a very small fraction of age-1 diets. The primary temporal pattern, seen in several species and age-classes, was an increase in piscivory from spring to fall. This pattern was due to the lack of small, age-0 prey fish in spring. Although some patterns were evident, the taxonomic composition of the diets of all species was highly variable over time, making generalizations difficult. A surprising result was the absence of yellow perch in the diet of age-0 walleye, despite their abundance in Spirit Lake and prominence in diets of age-1 walleye and other age 1-piscivores. Age-0 yellow perch were consistently too large to be eaten by age-0 piscivores, which preyed primarily on invertebrates and smaller fish such as johnny darters Etheostoma nigrum and age 0 bluegill Lepomis macrochirus. This finding suggests that predator-prey interactions and resulting population dynamics may be quite different in Spirit Lake than in other systems dominated by walleye and yellow perch. 相似文献
3.
Abstract – Diets of adults of six important piscivorous fish species, black crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus , largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides , northern pike Esox lucius , smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieui , walleye Stizostedion vitreum , and yellow perch Perca flavescens were quantified in Spirit Lake, Iowa, USA from May to October in 1995–1997. Forty-one prey taxa were found in the diets of these species, including 19 species of fish. The most important prey taxa overall were yellow perch, amphipods and dipterans. Diets of northern pike and walleye were dominated by yellow perch. Largemouth bass diets included large percentages of both yellow perch and black bullhead Ameiurus melas . Smallmouth bass diets included large percentages of both yellow perch and crayfish. Black crappie and yellow perch diets were dominated by invertebrates, primarily amphipods and dipterans. There were pronounced differences in diets among species, among size classes within species and over time. Most of the dominant prey taxa we documented in the diets of piscivorous species were in accordance with previous studies, but a few deviated significantly from expectations. Many of the temporal diet changes were asynchronous among piscivorous species and size classes, suggesting different responses to common prey resources over time. 相似文献
4.
Abstract Nine largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides Lacepède, >1.5 kg were implanted with radio tags and tracked for 1 year in an embayment of Lake Seminole, Georgia, USA. Most largemouth bass movement was <50 m h−1 in all seasons and at all times of day. During the day largemouth bass were offshore in deeper water near large woody structures and moved little. Movement was lower during dusk and night periods, and a general movement towards shoreline areas was evident. Water depths where largemouth bass were located had bimodal distributions in all seasons and diel periods, with one mode typically at depths <1 m and another around 3 m. Home ranges were typically largest in the summer and smallest in the winter. Largemouth bass appeared to divide their time between an offshore resting area, primarily occupied during the day, and a near-shore area, where foraging presumably occurred, primarily used during low-light periods. The largemouth bass population in Lake Seminole consists of multiple overlapping subpopulations, offering the opportunity for embayment-specific management. 相似文献
5.
Commercial farming of carnivorous fish demands the reduction of environmental impact of feeds; that requires minimal use of dietary animal protein. This study investigated the digestibility of diets formulated exclusively out of plant protein, added feed attractants, by the carnivore largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides . Juvenile largemouth bass (14.0 ± 1.0 cm) conditioned to accept artificial, dry feed were confined in polypropylene cages and fed ad libitum in three daily meals, seven experimental diets containing varying levels of vegetable and animal protein sources, added of different feed stimulants. After last daily meal, cages were transferred to cylindrical–conical-bottomed, 200-L aquaria, where faeces were collected by sedimentation into refrigerated containers, preserved and later analysed for chemical composition. Soybean meal can be used as partial substitute of animal protein in diets for largemouth bass; the poultry by-product meal shows as a good option as animal protein source in these rations. Control treatment – 50PP : 50AP – yielded best performances; the need for the use of fish meal in the formulation for carnivorous diets is, at least, questionable. Results of the digestibility trials demonstrated the importance of determining the diet digestibility, if precision in the formulation of least-cost feeds for carnivorous fish is the ultimate goal. 相似文献
6.
David Almeida Ana AlmodóvarGraciela G. Nicola Benigno ElviraGary D. Grossman 《Fisheries Research》2012,113(1):153-158
Biological invasions are a major factor for biodiversity loss, particularly in freshwater environments. Largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides is native to North America and is invasive on the Iberian Peninsula, primarily to provide angling opportunities in reservoirs. However, this species is a threat to the endemic Iberian fauna via predation and competition. Currently, there is little information on largemouth bass in European streams. Thus, we assessed the trophic plasticity and body condition of young largemouth bass in both invasive (the regulated Bullaque River) and native (Murray Creek) streams. Abundance of juvenile largemouth bass, percentage of full stomachs and body condition were higher in Bullaque River. Largemouth bass preyed on benthic invertebrates much more heavily in the Bullaque River, whereas fishes were the most important prey in Murray Creek. Prey richness, diet diversity and trophic niche breadth were higher in the Bullaque River population. Largemouth bass preferred water-column fishes as prey and avoided consuming benthic fishes in Murray Creek, whereas water-column fishes were avoided in Bullaque River. These results demonstrate that largemouth bass display substantial trophic plasticity which possibly facilitates its success as invasive species. Regulated Iberian streams may provide both suitable food and habitat resources with minimal predation pressure, and hence may serve as recruitment sources for this invasive fish. 相似文献
7.
Diet overlap in a piscivore community 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abstract— We examined prey selection of largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ), smallmouth bass ( M. dolomieu ), and yellow perch ( Percaftavescens ) by comparing diet overlap in a small, unexploited lake in Michigan, USA from 1988 to 1990. Niche hypervolume principles were applied to diet data as a means of assessing diet space for each species and the community as a whole. Largemouth bass occupied the largest proportion of community diet space (70.2%), followed by smallmouth bass (44.2%), and yellow perch (21.7%). The majority of community diet space (58.8%) was occupied by a single species, and 41.2% was shared by ≥ 2 species. Diet overlap was assessed by measuring the amount of diet space of one species occupied by the other species. Our analyses demonstrated that diet partitioning in a three species piscivore community is reflected in different use of the prey resource by co-occurring species. Niche overlap of largemouth bass with smallmouth bass and yellow perch is strongly asymmetric, largely due to the ability of largemouth bass to effectively consume prey of terrestrial origin. 相似文献
8.
J. C. JOLLEY & D. W. WILLIS T. J. DEBATES D. D. GRAHAM 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2008,15(4):251-258
Abstract Removal of piscivores may affect population size structure, abundance and growth rates of the remaining fish community. A total of 572 northern pike, Esox lucius L., was removed from 25-ha West Long Lake, Nebraska from 2003 to 2006. The northern pike population was reduced from 36 fish ha−1 and 22 kg ha−1 in 2002 to 20 fish ha−1 and 9 kg ha−1 in 2006. The northern pike population shifted to dominance by smaller individuals. Relative abundance increased for bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque, but remained similar between years for largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides (Lacepède), and yellow perch, Perca flavescens (Mitchill). Bluegill and yellow perch size structure increased probably because of reduced predation by northern pike. The effects of reduced northern pike density on largemouth bass were less evident. The largemouth bass population may be returning to higher density with smaller size structure observed before pike were introduced. The sport fish community responded positively to the removal of northern pike in this small lake. 相似文献
9.
The influence of environmental variables on largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides (Lacépède) populations in 22 shallow (mean depth 1.0–2.9 m) Nebraska lakes was evaluated. Largemouth bass exhibited density‐dependent size structure and growth, but not condition. Total annual mortality averaged only 30%. Deeper lakes contained low density largemouth bass populations with a high proportion of fish >380 mm, whereas larger lakes with little submerged vegetation had faster growth. The proportion of largemouth bass >380 mm and relative abundance tended to increase with emergent vegetation coverage. More stable recruitment was evident in shallower lakes with increased emergent vegetation coverage. Strong year classes were associated with cooler September air temperatures. Largemouth bass populations exhibited density‐dependent effects in lakes up to 332 ha. Lake depth, emergent vegetation and autumn air temperatures may influence largemouth bass populations more than previously suggested. 相似文献
10.
Andrew L. Rypel 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2009,18(4):620-628
Abstract – The role of climate variability in the ecology of freshwater fishes is of increasing interest. However, there are relatively few tools available for examining how freshwater fish populations respond to climate variations. Here, I apply tree-ring techniques to incremental growth patterns in largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides Lacepède) otoliths to explore relationships between annual bass growth and various climate metrics in the southeastern USA. Among six rivers and seven reservoirs in Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi, strong correlations between annual bass growth indices and climate were detected (73 of 96 possible correlations were significant at α < 0.05). All but two ecosystems exhibited the following pattern: annual bass growth was significantly negatively correlated with annual precipitation metrics, and significantly positively correlated with annual temperature metrics. Based on multiple regressions, climate, on average, accounted for ∼50% of variability ( R 2 ) in bass growth, although these values ranged from 28% to 65% depending on the ecosystem. Furthermore, every population showed significant correlations with at least one of the following global climate factors: El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and the Arctic Oscillation (AO). Largemouth bass growth in the southeast is apparently influenced by climate in major ways. Fish ecologists and managers in the region should be aware of the strong links between annual climate conditions and annual fish growth. 相似文献
11.
Abstract The major food items of adult largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides (Lacepède), in Lake Naivasha, Kenya are not markedly different from those in its native range. Although insects and their larvae are major components of the diet for both temperate and equatorial populations of juvenile bass, the equatorial population also eats Procambarus clarkii (Girard), juvenile fish and aquatic weeds. In temperate populations they also eat crustaceans, rotifers and oligochaetes. The frequency of occurrence of the major prey organisms in the stomachs of M. salmoides varies seasonally with population peaks in these organisms. Similar to North American populations, the Naivasha population feeds during the day between dawn and dusk. In contrast to temperate populations, the population of M. salmoides in this equatorial lake feeds throughout the year, with feeding intensity correlated with water temperature. 相似文献
12.
An evaluation of different structures to age freshwater fish from a northeastern US river 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abstract Largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides (Lacepède), smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu Lacepède, and yellow perch, Perca flavescens (Mitchill), were collected from the Hudson River, New York, USA, to compare the precision of age estimates derived from scales and otoliths. Similar procedures were used to compare otolith and spine ages from brown bullhead, Ameiurus nebulosus (Lesueur). Overall percent agreement between readers ranged from 91% to 98% for otoliths compared with 38% to 67% for scales and spines. Disagreement rates associated with scales and spines increased as fish grew older. Average percent error between readers was about an order of magnitude higher for scales and spines than for otoliths. Ages estimated from scales and spines progressively decreased as age increased based on otolith examination. The use of scales and spines to age largemouth bass, smallmouth bass, yellow perch and brown bullheads from the northeastern US was less precise and will likely lead to underestimation of age of larger and older fish. 相似文献
13.
Largemouth bass virus (LMBV) is a recently discovered iridovirus that causes a fatal disease of largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides (Lacepède). Fish can become infected by waterborne LMBV, but oral transmission of this virus has not been demonstrated previously. Largemouth bass were gavaged with guppies, Poecilia reticulata Peters, which had been injected with LMBV, and then sampled periodically during a 7‐week observation period. The dose of LMBV averaged 105.6 tissue culture infectious doses – 50% cytopathic endpoint (TCID50) per largemouth bass. Five of 24 largemouth bass exposed to LMBV became infected with the virus, but none of the fish had clinical signs typical of LMBV disease. Virus titres in largemouth bass were highest in swim bladder (105.5–9.5 TCID50 g?1) and were 105.2 TCID50 g?1 or lower in cutaneous mucus, head kidney, trunk kidney, spleen, gonad and intestine. These results indicate that LMBV can be transmitted orally to largemouth bass, but further study is needed to determine the factors affecting pathogenicity of the virus. 相似文献
14.
为确定大口黑鲈幼鱼对饲料中锰的需求量,在含锰5.2 mg/kg的半精制饲料中分别添加0、4、8、16、32和64 mg/kg锰(以MnSO4·H2O形式),制成6种不同锰水平的饲料(5.2、9.6、13.5、20.7、 38.3和67.9 mg/kg),投喂初始体重(16.00±0.07) g的大口黑鲈幼鱼10周。结果显示,在基础饲料中添加锰,可显著提高大口黑鲈幼鱼的增重率,降低饲料系数,各组增重率与饲料系数在锰含量达到13.5 mg/kg后基本稳定。随饲料中锰含量的增加,血清T-SOD、Mn-SOD活性和全鱼、脊椎骨中的锰含量上升,并在饲料锰含量达到20.7mg/kg后趋于稳定,而血清丙二醛含量则表现为下降的趋势。全鱼铁、骨铁、骨锌和全鱼锰沉积率随饲料锰含量的增加而下降。研究表明,在半精制饲料中补充锰可以促进大口黑鲈幼鱼生长、提高饲料利用率、血清抗氧化能力、全鱼和骨锰的沉积。以增重率、饲料系数、全鱼锰和骨锰为评价指标,经折线回归分析,大口黑鲈幼鱼对饲料中锰的需求量分别为18.3、20.5、21.1和23.4 mg/kg干物质。 相似文献
15.
Abstract— We studied the trophic interactions and spatial distributions of bluegills Lepomis macrochirus and largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides in a macrophyte bed in Lake Onalaska, a backwater lake in the upper Mississippi River. The diets of adult and age-0 bluegills were similar and changed seasonally probably in response to changes in life stages of macroinvertebrates (i. e. emergence of winged adults). Diets and diel patterns of abundance of bluegill suggest that age-O and adults were feeding in the vegetated, littoral zone. Predation by age-O largemouth bass appears to influence use of vegetated habitat by age-0 bluegills. In summer, when most age-O bluegills were vulnerable to predation by age-O largemouth bass, bluegill abundance was strongly correlated with vegetation biomass. In October and November, piscivory by age-O largemouth bass was limited by gape. Consequently, the relationship between the abundance of age-O bluegills and vegetation biomass was weakened because predation risk by age-O largemouth bass was reduced. 相似文献
16.
摄食不同饵料的大口黑鲈肠道菌群分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
为了探究投喂冰鲜杂鱼和人工配合饲料对大口黑鲈肠道菌群的影响,本研究采用变性梯度凝胶电泳技术(PCR-DGGE)对摄食不同饵料的2组鲈鱼肠道内容物的细菌群落结构进行了比较分析.结果显示,冰鲜组与饲料组的大口黑鲈肠道菌群组成相似性较低(相似性24％),且冰鲜组肠道菌群多样性高于饲料组.对2组大口黑鲈中共有条带和特异性条带进一步测序分析显示,2组大口黑鲈肠道共有菌有红螺菌、梭菌、保科爱德华菌、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌和蓝细菌.冰鲜组大口黑鲈肠道中的特异性菌归属为拟杆菌、肉食杆菌、魏斯氏菌和邻单胞菌;饲料组大口黑鲈肠道中的特异性菌归属为黄杆菌、鲸杆菌、柠檬明串珠菌、缺陷短波单胞菌.研究表明,与投喂冰鲜杂鱼的大口黑鲈相比,人工配合饲料降低了大口黑鲈肠道菌群多样性,也抑制了拟杆菌等有益菌在大口黑鲈肠道内的分布.推测饲料组大口黑鲈生长较慢可能与其肠道菌群中拟杆菌与厚壁菌的比值下降有关.研究结果提示,在今后大口黑鲈养殖或者人工配合饲料研制过程中,添加拟杆菌等益生菌也许可促进大口黑鲈的生长和营养吸收. 相似文献
17.
为了检测驯食配合饲料的大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)3个选育世代群体遗传多样性水平变化,利用微卫星标记技术对驯食配合饲料大口黑鲈选育基础群体(Sp0)和第二、三和四代选育群体(Sp2、Sp3和Sp4)共240尾样品进行检测。结果显示,18个微卫星位点共获得44个等位基因。Sp0、Sp2、Sp3和Sp4的平均观测杂合度(H_o)分别为0.4895、0.4802、0.4579和0.4206,平均期望杂合度(H_e)分别为0.4615、0.4454、0.4621和0.3916,平均多态信息含量(PIC)分别为0.3791、0.3659、0.3764和0.3257。4个群体间的配对比较群体间遗传分化指数(F_(st))值在0.01612～0.16162之间、遗传距离(D_a)在0.0249～0.1434之间。遗传变异来源(AMOVA)分析显示,只有8.38%的变异来自于群体间,其余遗传变异均来自于个体间。研究表明,经连续多代选育之后,易驯食配合饲料的快长大口黑鲈选育群体具有中度遗传多样性,具备选育潜力,可继续进行选育。 相似文献
18.
试验采用初始体重为4.16±0.06g的大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)作为研究对象,设计3种等氮等脂的饲料：苏氨酸对照组(TC,65.0%鱼粉),低苏氨酸组(LT,65.0%宠物级鸡肉粉添加除苏氨酸以外的必需氨基酸至TC水平组)和苏氨酸添加组(TS,LT组添加苏氨酸至TC水平组),探究饲料中不同苏氨酸水平对大口黑鲈生长性能、糖脂代谢、免疫及宠物级鸡肉粉利用率的影响,养殖试验开展8周。试验结果表明：与对照组相比,LT处理组饲料显著降低了大口黑鲈的生长性能、饲料效率和鱼体营养物质组成(P<0.05),饲料中添加苏氨酸可在一定程度上改善宠物级鸡肉粉完全替代鱼粉后导致的生长性能受限、饲料效率低下和鱼体营养物质组成降低等问题(P<0.05)。宠物级鸡肉粉完全替代鱼粉还显著降低了血浆中营养成分和多种游离氨基酸的含量(P<0.05),饲料中添加晶体苏氨酸能够显著提高血浆中游离氨基酸的水平(P<0.05),使之与对照组间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。mRNA水平上,饲料中苏氨酸添加可显著改善鸡肉粉完全替代鱼粉引起的肝脏中糖脂合成代谢抑制和分解代谢加剧的现象,同时苏氨酸添加也可显著降低细胞炎症因子的mRNA的表达水平(P<0.05)。综上所述：饲料中适量苏氨酸的添加可在一定程度上提高大口黑鲈的生长性能、促进脂肪合成和抑制脂肪分解,并增强的免疫机能。 相似文献
19.
Abstract – Many floodplain lake fish communities have been influenced by large-scale shifts in processes of water-level stability that degrade habitat quantity and quality. Efforts to restore rivers and their floodplains have recently taken a priority yet many restoration approaches are in their developmental stages and potentially controversial. We measured fish community changes in response to a water stabilisation technique in an Illinois River floodplain lake, achieved by levee renovations in 1997, using data collected prior to (1991–1993) and after (2000–2002) stabilisation. Our results indicate fish community composition (presence/absence) showed little variability and did not differ ( R = 0.037; P = 0.60) between the two time periods; whereas, fish community structure (abundance) differed ( R > 0.50; P ≤ 0.10). Increased abundances of desirable species like gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum (Lesueur), white crappie Pomoxis annularis (Rafinesque), black crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus (Lesueur) and largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides (Lacepede), coupled with declines of less desirable species like common carp Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus) contributed to community changes. These changes suggest positive responses to water stabilisation practices that may act as an intermediate step in restoring river–floodplain function in certain situations. 相似文献
20.
John S. Hargrove Mark W. Rogers Phillip T. Kacmar 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2020,27(3):219-226
Millions of Florida bass, Micropterus floridanus Lesueur, are stocked annually into populations of largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides Lacepède, to increase trophy fish abundance. However, little effort has related the role that resultant hybrids make to angler catches. Largemouth bass were sampled from an important recreational fishery subject to extensive Florida bass stocking to address the hypothesis that anglers capture Florida bass, largemouth bass and hybrids at rates equivalent to their overall abundance in the population. Fin clips obtained from tournament angling events (n = 348) and boat‐mounted electrofishing sampling (n = 219) were screened at 38 species‐diagnostic markers and individuals were assigned to genealogical classes using Bayesian clustering algorithms. No significant differences were identified between angler and electrofishing catches providing evidence that hybridised individuals stemming from a long‐term stocking programme may constitute an important contribution to tournament angling catch. 相似文献