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1.
Muhammad Ashfaq Wahid Muhammad Saleem Sohail Irshad Shahbaz Khan Mumtaz Akhtar Cheema Muhammad Farrukh Saleem 《Journal of plant nutrition》2020,43(16):2411-2424
AbstractCotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is of prime importance because of its quality fiber and edible oil production. Boron (B) is among essential micronutrients for plant growth; it aids in the transfer of sugars and nutrients from leaves to fruit that are involved directly or indirectly in many plant functions. Cotton growth, yield and quality are strongly affected with boron application. A two-year study was conducted to evaluate the impact of foliar applied B (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10?g of B L?1 of water) on the performance of cotton cultivars (FH-113, MNH-786 and CIM-496). The results indicated that growth, yield and quality traits of cotton were significantly influenced by different levels of foliar applied boron as well as cultivars of cotton. Among cotton cultivars, the yield and quality parameters were superior in cultivar “FH-113.” Foliar application of boron at 6?g L?1 of water improved leaf area index and leaf area duration and eventually improved the number of bolls per plant, boll retention percentage, average boll weight, lint yield, ginning out turn, fiber length and uniformity ratio of cotton. Foliar application of B at 6?g per liter of water, showed promising results by improving growth and quality parameters and is recommend to enhance the economical yield production of cotton cultivar “FH-113” with improved quality. 相似文献
2.
Huijie Li Jiawei Wang Saif Ali Babar Iqbal He Zhang Shanshan Wang 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2020,66(2):308-316
ABSTRACT Cotton is critical for phosphorus demands and very sensitive for its deficiency. However, identifying the effect of low-phosphorus tolerance on cotton growth, yield, and fiber quality by reducing phosphorus consumption. This may help to develop phosphorus-tolerant high-yielding cotton cultivars. In a two-year repeated (2015 and 2016) hydroponic experiment (using 0.01 and 1 mM KH2PO4), two cotton cultivars with phosphorus sensitivity (Lu 54; a low-phosphorus sensitive and Yuzaomian 9110; a low-phosphorus tolerant) were screened on the base of agronomic traits and physiological indices through correlation analysis, cluster analysis and principal component analysis from 16 cotton cultivars. Low phosphorus nutrition reduced the plant height, leaf number, leaf area, phosphorus accumulation and biomass in various organs of seedlings. The deficiency negatively affected the morphogenesis of seedlings, as well as yield and fiber quality. Further, these screened cultivars were tested in a pot experiment with 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 kg P2O5 ha?1 during 2016 and 2017. It was found to have a significant (P< 0.05) difference in boll number, lint yield, fiber strength, and micronaire at the harvest. Furthermore, after collectively analyzed the characteristics of Lu 54 and Yuzaomian 9110, there were six key indices that could improve the low phosphorus tolerance of cotton cultivars. These were root phosphorus accumulation, stem phosphorus accumulation percentage, leaf and total biomass of seedlings, seed cotton weight per boll and fiber length. 相似文献
3.
镉胁迫对两个水稻品种幼苗光合参数、可溶性糖和植株生长的影响 总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24
以较耐镉(武育粳3号,WYJ)和镉敏感(汕优63,SY63)的2个不同耐性水稻品种为材料,采用溶液培养试验,研究了镉处理(Cd.1.0和5.0mol/L)对水稻幼苗光合作用、可溶性糖和生长的影响。结果表明,镉胁迫下,水稻幼苗的光合作用显著地受到抑制。与不加镉的对照相比,随镉水平的提高水稻幼苗净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔限制值(Ls)逐步下降,尤其是在Cd.5.0mol/L处理下的植株,下降幅度武育粳3号显著小于汕优63。蒸腾效率(Te)也随镉浓度的增加而降低,但变化与净光合速率等不同,武育粳3号的下降速率要大于汕优63的。加镉处理使2个水稻品种幼苗叶片可溶性糖含量均显著升高,而叶绿素含量仅汕优63在Cd.5.0mol/L处理下与对照差异显著。加镉处理使汕优63根系生长(根长)显著受到抑制,而株高仅在Cd.5.0mol/L时显著降低。武育粳3号生长与对照差异不显著。本研究结果表明,随着镉处理水平的提高,镉对水稻幼苗的毒害作用增加,但是水稻对镉毒害的响应存在明显的基因型差异。 相似文献
4.
《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(7):1295-1317
Abstract A field experiment was conducted at Central Cotton Research Institute, Multan, Pakistan on Miani soil series, silt loam soil (Calcaric, Cambisols and fine silty, mixed Hyperthermic Fluventic Haplocambids) to assess the response of four cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars to potassium (K) fertilization. The treatments consisted of four cotton cultivars (CIM-448, CIM-1100, NIAB-Karishma, S-12), four potassium rates (0, 62.5, 125, 250 kg K ha?1), and two sources of potassium fertilizer [muriate of potash (KCl) and sulphate of potash (K2SO4)]. The cotton cultivars differed significantly in response to various potassium fertilizer levels and its sources with respect to seed cotton yield and its components. The highest yield was obtained with the application of 250-kg K ha?1, however, it was economical to add 125 kg K ha?1. Seed cotton yield of cv. CIM-448 was considerably greater than that of the other cultivars in K-unfertilized treatments, which was related to cultivar differences in K uptake efficiency in utilizing native potassium nutrient. Potassium added as muriate of potash caused a significant depression in seed cotton yield than that of sulphate of potash. The increase in yield seemed to have resulted largely from the higher K concentration of leaf tissues at bloom stage and available soil-K because of potassium application. A significant relationship between the yield and number of bolls per plant (r = 0.92**) and boll weight (r = 0.85**) indicated that these two growth attributes were responsible for enhancing the quantum of final harvest of seed cotton. 相似文献
5.
施氮量对枣棉间作棉花干物质积累，产量与品质的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
研究了枣棉间作下棉花干物质积累与产量品质对不同施氮量的响应机制,确定枣棉间作的合理施氮量,为果棉间套作立体种植模式的合理氮肥运筹,提高棉花产量与品质提供理论依据。以在南疆的主栽棉花品种中棉所49为材料,研究了4个氮素水平（N 0、 150、 450 和750 kg/hm2）下棉花干物质的积累和产量的差异。结果表明,不同施氮量下棉花干物质累积存在显著差异,氮素缺乏或过量均影响其干物质在不同生育时期的累积量,使产量降低。施氮量对棉花品质也有显著影响,合理的氮肥用量不但能提高棉花单株结铃数和单铃重,从而提高产量,而且可使其有较好的整齐度,棉纤维长度,比强度和马克隆值。因此,在枣棉间作条件下,施氮量为N 450 kg/hm2 时棉花的干物质积累量较高,增产效果显著,品质较好。 相似文献
6.
为了探究高温胁迫下棉花对不同地下水埋深的响应差异,并在此基础上提出适宜的排渍指标,2012-2013年利用自动调控地下水位的测坑,在花铃期设置地下水埋深0、30、50 cm(持续受渍10 d),同时进行连续6 d的高温处理,观测棉花主要表观形态特征、生理代谢指标及产量。结果表明:地下水埋深0和30 cm降低了棉花株高,增加了主茎复合红绿比,而高温胁迫对二者影响不明显。高温胁迫下,地下水埋深越浅,倒4叶叶绿素含量和光系统II潜在光化学转换效率越低,其关系可用线性关系模型描述,且地下水埋深80 cm的累计值对二者的影响居首,高温胁迫次之。地下水埋深处理过程中,倒4叶超氧物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活性先升高后降低,过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性持续降低,丙二醛(malonaldehyde,MDA)含量急剧增加。地下水埋深处于0和30 cm时,高温胁迫加剧了棉花膜脂过氧化反应程度,叶片SOD和POD活性更低,MDA含量更高,但增强了棉花在地下水埋深50 cm的抗逆能力。地下水埋深处理、高温胁迫及其复胁迫主要通过减少单株成铃数、单铃质量使棉花产量降低,而对衣分含量影响普遍不明显。从整体减产程度来看,地下水埋深处理+高温胁迫(33.7%)地下水埋深处理(26.2%)高温胁迫(7.5%)。若以允许棉花产量减少15%~20%为排渍标准,假设在地下水埋深处理过程中连续出现6 d、每天近6 h的高温天气,则棉花花铃期地下水埋深80 cm的累计值为216.0~321.2 cm·d。研究可为湖北平原湖区及类似地区棉田排水管理提供科学参考。 相似文献
7.
施氮量对棉铃干物质和氮累积及分配的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
以高品质棉（科棉1号）和常规棉（美棉33B）品种为材料,2005年在江苏徐州（11711E, 3415N）、2007年在河南安阳（11413E, 3604N）设置施氮量（低氮N 0 kg/hm2,适氮N 240 kg/hm2,高氮N 480 kg/hm2）试验,研究施氮量对棉铃干物质、氮累积分配和棉铃（纤维、棉子）品质的影响。结果表明:施氮可改变棉铃各部分干物质和氮素的累积特征,进而影响棉铃重和棉铃品质。在本试验N 240 kg/hm2水平下,单铃棉子和纤维的干物质累积量最大,棉铃各部分（铃壳、纤维、棉子）氮含量适中、氮累积量最高,最终铃重最大,棉纤维和棉子品质最优;在不施氮（N 0 kg/hm2）时,棉铃干物质和氮快速累积期开始较早、累积速率较低,最终干物质和氮累积量均较低,铃重最低,棉纤维和棉子品质最差。在N 480 kg/hm2水平下,棉铃各部分（铃壳、纤维、棉子）的氮含量和累积量提高,且在成熟棉铃中棉纤维干物质的分配系数下降,棉子中的氮分配系数提高,最终棉子中蛋白质含量上升,铃重和棉纤维比强度、棉子油分含量均降低。综上所述,施氮量过低影响棉铃干物质和氮素的累积,而施氮量过高则主要影响棉铃干物质和氮素在铃壳、棉子和纤维间的分配,二者均导致最终的铃重降低、棉纤维和棉子品质变劣。 相似文献
8.
Niamatullah Khan Fazal Yazdan Saleem Ud Din Sadia Gull Sohrab Khan 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(5):581-597
Farmers normally practice conventional tillage ((CT), disk plowing, cultivator, rotavator, and leveling) in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) with 15 cm intra-row spacing to avoid risks of poor plant stand and obtain higher yield. However, CT is costly besides it has adverse effects on soil and crop when sown after wheat. Conservation tillage [zero tillage (ZT) or reduced tillage (RT)] with suitable spacing can reduce production cost, increase cotton yield and quality, and it has favorable effects on soil properties. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate cotton response to tillage (ZT, RT, and CT) and intra-row spacing (15.0, 22.5, 30.0, 37.5 cm). Results revealed that RT produced higher bolls plant?1, boll weight, seed cotton yield, ginning out turn, fiber length and strength than ZT and CT. Mean boll weight, seed cotton yield, earliness, and fiber qualities were optimum at 22.5 cm spacing. Tillage × spacing interaction showed optimum boll weight, earliness, and fiber strength with 15.0–22.5 cm spacing under RT. CT with 22.5 cm spacing also performed better in terms of boll weight and fiber strength; however, 15.0 cm spacing resulted in earlier maturity. RT with 22.5 cm spacing is an alternative to CT for higher yield, earliness, and quality of cotton besides environmental safety. 相似文献
9.
10.
为探讨减少盐碱地棉花铃脱落的途径, 田间条件下研究了土壤供应低氮(N 226.5 kg·hm-2)和高氮(N 346.5 kg·hm-2)条件下, 不打顶、打顶和打顶后涂抹生长素对棉花铃脱落和产量构成因素的影响。结果表明, 低氮和高氮水平下, 打顶、打顶后涂抹NAA 处理果枝落铃率都低于不打顶处理。打顶后涂抹浓度为0.3 mmol·L-1 的NAA 处理在低氮水平下的成铃率比传统打顶处理高1.3 个百分点, 而铃脱落率比传统打顶处理低0.8 个百分点, 皮棉产量比传统打顶处理高23.7%。高氮水平下, 与传统打顶处理相比, 打顶后涂抹浓度为3 mmol·L-1 的NAA 单株成铃率、铃脱落率、皮棉产量之间差异不显著。在同一处理中, 高氮水平的单株成铃数、单铃重和吐絮数均低于低氮水平, 而衣分无明显差异, 从而导致皮棉产量下降。上述结果说明, 打顶后涂抹一定浓度的NAA 可增加棉花单株现铃、成铃、吐絮数, 增加单铃重, 降低落铃率, 从而提高产量, 而过量施用氮肥会导致产量下降。 相似文献
11.
以耐热差异明显的海岛棉品种‘新海43号’（XH43）和‘新海49号’（XH49）为材料,于盛花期在田间搭设塑料棚进行为期3d（H3）、6d（H6）和9d（H9）的增温处理,增温结束后立即恢复自然温度,以田间不搭棚的自然温度为对照（CK）,研究不同天数高温处理对海岛棉净光合速率、成铃率及不同部位果枝产量和品质的影响。结果表明：（1）高温胁迫降低了XH43和XH49的产量及产量构成因素,其中H6、H9处理均达到显著水平;高温胁迫显著降低了中部果枝的铃数、单铃重、衣分和籽棉产量,但显著增加了上部果枝铃数,促进了上部果枝产量的提高。（2）高温胁迫对XH43和XH49的纤维品质无显著影响,但导致两品种中部果枝棉铃上半部平均长度、整齐度指数和断裂比强度显著降低。而高温胁迫显著提高了上部果枝棉铃的断裂比强度,其中H6、H9处理均达到显著水平,较对照分别增加2.19%～5.12%和4.48%～7.59%。（3）高温胁迫下XH49各部位产量和品质变化幅度均大于XH43,表明高温胁迫对XH49影响更为严重。（4）花铃期短期高温胁迫,导致中部果枝棉铃大量脱落及发育受阻。在生殖生长后期,H6、H9处理后的棉株净光合速率显著高于对照,增温处理增强了棉株后期光合生产能力,进而提高了上部果枝的铃数、产量和断裂比强度。 相似文献
12.
海岛棉资源自然复合盐胁迫综合评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为筛选适合盐碱地种植的海岛棉品种,本试验以203份海岛棉进行自然复合盐胁迫筛选及评价。结果表明,株高、始节高、果枝数、蕾铃脱落数、蕾铃脱落率及单铃籽棉产量耐盐系数呈现下降,衣分、铃数、始节数、有效铃数、有效果枝数、单铃皮棉产量、单株籽棉产量及单株皮棉产量耐盐系数略有上升。变异系数表现为单株皮棉、籽棉产量最高。相关分析表明,果枝数与铃数存在显著性正相关,蕾铃脱落率与铃数、始节高、始节数、果枝数、有效铃数、有效果枝数、蕾铃脱落数存在显著相关性,单株皮棉产量与衣分、铃数、果枝数、有效铃数、有效果枝数、蕾铃脱落数、蕾铃脱落率、单铃籽棉产量、单铃皮棉产量、单株籽棉产量存在显著相关性。相关性分析表明,皮棉产量鉴定值、主成分综合得分、隶属函数值、综合得分D值之间均呈显著正相关(P<0.01),说明可以通过这4个指标结合进行海岛棉综合评价及分类。海岛棉资源以耐盐、中耐盐为主,极端材料相对较少,通过对比发现果枝松散型较紧凑型耐盐性更强;此外,筛选到1份耐复合盐极强品种Pima 4,并通过逐步回归筛选到6个海岛棉耐盐指标。本研究为海岛棉花铃期耐复合盐品种的筛选提供了一定的理论依据、鉴定指标及方法。 相似文献
13.
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivar, Cd rate, and cultivar x Cd rate interaction upon nutrient concentrations in the plant. Cultivars rated as T (tolerant) or S (susceptible) to Cd were included in the study. A factorial combination of 10 cultivars and 4 levels of Cd were randomized in 4 replications of a completely randomized design. Additions of CdCl2 dissolved in distilled water were made to weighed quantities of dry soil. The soil was a Flanagan silt loam (Aquic Argiudoll). Four weeks after planting, plants were harvested, air dried and dry ashed. Chemical determinations of Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, K, Ca, Mg and P in plants were made by emission spectroscopy. Nutrient concentrations were affected by cultivar and rate of Cd and generally, nutrient concentrations decreased as rate of Cd increased. The Cd linear x cultivar interaction significantly affected plant concentration of each element except P indicating that the linear effect of Cd was not consistent among all cultivars. A comparison of “susceptible”; cultivars with “tolerant”; cultivars showed significant differences in nutrient concentration of each element except K. Plant K concentration was significantly associated with a Cd linear x T (tolerant) vs. S (susceptible) interaction indicating that the linear trend due to Cd rate differed between cultivars rated S or T to Cd. 相似文献
14.
Muhammad Farrukh Saleem Muhammad Asif Kamal Shakeel Ahmad Anjum Muhammad Shahid Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza Muhammad Awais 《Journal of plant nutrition》2018,41(13):1711-1723
Heat stress at reproductive stages of cotton is a leading encumbrance to accomplish yield potential. An experiment was conducted to alleviate adversities of terminal heat stress on cotton. Experiment was conducted at University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan during 2013 and repeated in 2014 using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with split arrangement. Treatments were comprised of heat stress in main plots, viz., H0 = no heat imposition, H1 = heat imposition at squaring, and H2 = heat imposition at flowering. Selenium was foliar applied in split plot, viz., Se0 = 0, Se50 = 50, Se100 = 100, and Se150 = 150 mg L?1. Cell membrane thermostability, soluble proteins, and total phenolics were reduced significantly under heat stress leading to reduced cotton yield and related components. Maximum membrane thermostability, total phenolics, soluble proteins, opened bolls, boll weight, sympodial branches, and seed cotton yield were recorded with the application 150 mg Se L?1. 相似文献
15.
Ying Su Zheng Zhang Genqiang Su Junli Liu Caifeng Liu 《Journal of plant nutrition》2015,38(1):145-160
To assess the genetic variability of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in tolerance to iron (Fe) deficiency, spectral and photosynthetic parameters of 12 peanut cultivars were determined. The results showed that peanut exhibit significant variations in spectral and photosynthetic parameters within cultivars in response to Fe deficiency. The 12 peanut cultivars were separated into three groups, which include (i) a Fe-deficient tolerant cultivar (‘Zhenghong 3’), (ii) a Fe-deficient sensitive cultivar (‘Huayu 22’), and (iii) ten intermediate cultivars. Iron deficiency caused an increase in root biomass, root/shoot ratio, structure independent pigment index and intercellular carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, but resulted in a decrease in net photosynthetic rate (Pn), quantum yield of PS II photochemistry (Fv/Fm), effective quantum yield of PS II (ΦPS II), photochemical reflectance index, red edge point, and chlorophyll normalized difference index. Iron deficiency-induced decline in net photosynthetic rate may be resulted from the reduction of photosynthetic pigment contents and inhibition of PSII photochemistry. 相似文献
16.
Amir Hossein Saeidnejad Mohammad Kafi Majid Dashti 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2016,62(10):1337-1346
Polyamines are well known in environmental stress tolerance induction of plants. The present study was conducted to evaluate the interactive effects of salinity (0, 100 and 200 mM NaCl) and spermine (Spm) concentration (0, 0.5 and 1 mM solution) on physiological performance of susceptible (Sepahan) and tolerant (Neyshabour) wheat cultivars. Proline accumulation was more affected by salinity than Spm. Chlorophyll a and b content was totally improved by Spm application. Catalase and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity was generally increased by increasing salinity and Spm level. Highest APX activity was observed on 200 mM salinity and highest level of Spm concentration in both tolerant and susceptible cultivars. Superoxide dismutase activity was elevated with increasing salinity level and applied Spm concentration in both cultivars. Higher levels of Spm under salinity conditions showed higher activity of glutathione reductase (GR) compared with the treatment without Spm, but it reduced GR activity under normal condition. Spm application decreased sodium content in all salinity levels in both cultivars, but not with a similar trend. Higher concentration of applied Spm also enhanced potassium content. To sum up, Spm application alleviated hazardous effects of salinity stress mainly through antioxidative defense and this was more evident in tolerant cultivar. 相似文献
17.
Neeru Narula Prof. Dr BS Saharan Vivek Kumar Ranjana Bhatia LK Bishnoi BPS Lather 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(1):69-77
High nitrogen fixing, phosphate solubilizing, phytohormones producing isolates of Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Acetobacter and Pseudomonas were used as inoculants for cotton. Important cultures were selected on the basis of their effect on root/shoot length and chemotactic behaviour. Selected bioinoculants were earlier tested for their beneficial properties like nitrogen fixation (ARA), ammonia excretion, IAA production etc. These bio-inoculants were further tested for phosphate solubilization property. Various chosen strains were tested with Desi (HD 123) and American (H 1098) cotton under field conditions (as for wheat). Plant height and boll weight were determined at the time of harvesting whereas survival rate of inoculated bacteria was determined after 30, 80 and 130 days respectively. In the year 2000–01, on the basis of boll number and boll weight plant?1 AVK 51 (36; 76.2?g plant?1), HT 57 (27; 56.9?g plant?1), AC18 (33; 61.5?g plant?1), Ala 27 (36; 61.4?g plant?1) and Pseudomonas (34; 71.3?g plant?1) were identified as significant both for American and desi cotton varieties. Highest survival rate was observed with Mac 68 (33.4 × 105) followed by HT54 (31.5 × 105) after 30 days of sowing, which decreased after 80 days and remained constant up to 130 days. This trend was observed with all the cultures. Similar results were observed in 2001–02. 25?kg ha?1 N saving was observed with A. chroococcum (AVK51) bioinoculant for cotton crop. 相似文献
18.
In this study, ten‐day‐old seedlings of barley {Hordeum vulgare L. cultivar Anadolu [boron (B)‐tolerant] and Hamidiye (B‐sensitive)} were used. Boron‐treated plants were grown on H3BO3 solution (final concentration of 10 mM) for five days. Control plants received no B treatment during this period. Total protein patterns were obtained by analysis of total protein extract from root and leaf tissues of control and B‐treated plants using two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by silver staining. The protein profile of B‐treated seedlings of each cultivar was compared to the profile of control (no stress treatment) plants of the same cultivar. Silver‐stained gels showed that B stress caused increases or decreases in a number of proteins in root and leaf tissues. Moreover, as a result of B treatment, one newly synthesized protein with relative molecular weight (Mr) of 35.0 kDa was detected in root profile of the tolerant cultivar. This protein failed to show up in root profile of the B‐treated sensitive cultivar. Three proteins were quantitatively increased in B‐treated root profile of both cultivars. Following B treatment, three proteins were increased in root profile of the tolerant cultivar, but were not changed in the sensitive one. In leaf tissues, however, there were remarkable changes in total protein profiles after B treatment, relative to the control. Following B treatment, in leaf tissues, at least seven proteins were increased in amount in tolerant cultivar but were unchanged in the susceptible one. In tolerant and sensitive cultivars, amounts of two proteins were increased in B‐treated plants, relative to control seedlings. In addition, four proteins (Mr:29, 58, 58, and 22 kDa) were unchanged in control and B‐treated seedlings of the tolerant cultivar. In the susceptible cultivar however, among these four proteins, the first one (Mr:29) was very much reduced and the others (Mr: 58, 58, and 22 kDa) were completely lost in B‐treated seedlings. Moreover, following B treatment, a set of high‐molecular‐weight proteins was quantitatively decreased in the susceptible cultivar but was unchanged in the tolerant cultivar. These results indicate that in barley, certain proteins may be involved in tolerance to B toxicity. In this study, changes in polypeptide composition as a result of B toxic concentration in leaf tissues were more abundant than in roots. Therefore, it is suggested that these changes, especially at shoot level may form the basis of the tolerance mechanism to B toxicity. 相似文献
19.
M.A. Ansari B.A. Patel N.L. Mhase D.J. Patel A. Douaik S.B. Sharma 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2004,51(4):449-453
The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Chitwood is an important parasite of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Four chickpea genotypes were evaluated for tolerance to M. javanica in naturally infested fields at three locations. Each genotype was evaluated for number of galls, gall size, root area covered with galls and number of egg masses produced. All the cultivars were susceptible or highly susceptible. Seed yield, weight of 100 undamaged seeds, total dry matter and plant height were compared with checks. Chickpea cultivar Annigeri and a local check were used as nematode susceptible checks in all locations. The four promising nematode tolerant genotypes produced significantly greater yield and total dry matter than the checks in fields naturally infested with M. javanica at three locations. These M. javanica tolerant lines represent new germplasm and they are available in the chickpea genebank at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) bearing the identification numbers ICC 8932, ICC 11152, ICCV 90043 and ICCC 42. 相似文献
20.
Iron toxicity is an important growth‐limiting factor for flooded rice production in various parts of the world, including Brazil. Data related to the reaction of rice cultivars to iron concentrations are limited, especially for large numbers of cultivars. Forty rice cultivars were grown in a greenhouse in nutrient solutions containing 0.09, 0.89, and 1.78 mM Fe (5, 50 and 100 ppm Fe). The effects of excess iron were measured on plant height, root length, and root and shoot dry weight. Root and shoot dry weight were found to be more sensitive to excess iron concentration. Based on dry matter yield, reduction of shoots at higher Fe concentrations compared to the optimum or control treatment, rice cultivars were classified as tolerant, moderately tolerant, moderately susceptible or susceptible. The effect of Fe concentrations on concentrations and contents of other nutrient was also investigated. Higher concentration of Fe in the nutrient solution exerted an inhibiting effect on the concentrations and contents of almost all macro and micronutrients. 相似文献