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1.
为探明赤红壤区粉葛生长发育中氮、磷、钾及干物质吸收积累的规律,采用“3414”随机区组设计,研究不同施肥水平下粉葛关键生育期各器官的养分吸收积累特征。结果表明,粉葛氮、磷、钾积累量均在块根形成至膨大阶段增幅最大,积累曲线呈近似“S型”,其吸收能力为钾>氮>磷。不同施氮水平下,块根含氮量在苗期和块根膨大期的氮肥调控效应较为明显,茎氮含量虽比对照显著提高,但施氮处理间无显著差异,各生育期氮含量表现为叶>块根、茎,成熟期减量施氮（N1）处理的氮素积累量最大,为19.91 g/株。不同施磷水平下,块根形成及膨大期的块根磷含量、块根形成期的茎磷含量、成熟期的叶磷含量较对照显著提高,而其他生育期的磷肥调控效应不明显,块根膨大期正常施磷（P2）处理的磷素积累达到了最高峰,为2.04 g/株。不同施钾水平下,块根形成以后K2、K1处理提高各器官含钾量的幅度要大于K3、K0处理,K3处理甚至降低了成熟期块根含钾量,钾积累量表现为K2>K1>K0>K3>CK处理,成熟期各处理钾积累存在较大差异。从苗期到成熟期,块根干物质的量不断上升,而地上部分干物质的量表现先上后... 相似文献
2.
红枣树氮、磷、钾吸收与累积年周期变化规律 总被引：10，自引：4，他引：6
以6年树龄红枣树为试材,采用刨根、分解取样的方法,研究了年周期内各器官的生物量、氮、磷、钾含量和氮磷钾累积量变化动态.结果表明,红枣各器官中干物质、氮、磷、钾的积累均随生育期的推进呈增长趋势,从果实膨大期到果实成熟期均有一个急剧的上升过程.红枣树单株生物量年增加3908.5 g,氮、磷和钾年总吸收积累量分别为70.5、... 相似文献
3.
宁夏马铃薯氮、 磷、 钾养分的吸收累积特征 总被引：11，自引：4，他引：7
【目的】马铃薯氮、 磷、 钾养分吸收累积特点国内外已有不少报道,但在宁夏地区的生产条件下尚缺乏系统研究,马铃薯配方施肥技术推广中也缺少施肥参数,难以确定合理的施肥量。因此,针对宁夏地区马铃薯种植基地的土壤条件,系统分析马铃薯干物质累积和氮、 磷、 钾养分含量,探明其对氮、 磷、 钾养分吸收累积特点,以期为马铃薯的精准施肥提供科学依据。【方法】采用田间试验和室内测定相结合的方法。于2012年分别在宁夏西吉县、 原州区、 红寺堡和同心县马铃薯种植基地进行肥料田间试验,按照当地推荐的施肥量统一施肥量和施肥方法(农家肥、 70%氮肥、 全部磷、 钾肥基施,30%氮肥在现蕾期追施),在马铃薯不同生育期采集植株样品,测定不同器官干重和氮、 磷、 钾含量,分析不同生育期马铃薯干物质累积量、 氮、 磷、 钾含量及其吸收累积量的变化特点。【结果】1)从不同种植基地来看,红寺堡区马铃薯干物质累积量最高,其次是原州区和西吉县,同心县最低;马铃薯干物质累积量随生育期的推进而增加,符合Logistic曲线,幼苗期、 块茎形成期、 块茎膨大期和淀粉累积期的干物质累积量分别占总累积量的5%、 20%、 40%和35%。2)马铃薯植株氮含量随生育期而降低,其变异系数较大; 磷、 钾含量随生育期呈先增后减的变化态势,但变异系数较小; 氮、 磷含量叶片高于其他器官,钾含量茎秆中较高。3)马铃薯氮、 磷、 钾吸收累积量在红寺堡区最高,原州区和西吉县居中,同心县最低;苗期氮、 磷、 钾的吸收量分别占全生育期总吸收量的11%、 6%、 8%,块茎形成期占28%、 23%、 31%,块茎膨大期占36%、 39%、 41%,淀粉积累期占25%、 31%、 20%;成熟期块茎中氮和磷的累积量分别占各自总累积量的60%以上,钾的累积量占50%。【结论】供试土壤条件下,马铃薯干物质累积量及养分吸收量因种植基地、 生育期和器官不同而异。从不同种植基地来看,红寺堡区马铃薯的干物质及氮、 磷、 钾累积量较高,原州区和西吉县居中,同心县最低;干物质及氮、 磷、 钾累积量随生育期的变化符合Logistic曲线,具有明显的阶段性特点,块茎膨大期累积最多,块茎形成期和淀粉积累期次之;马铃薯根、 茎和叶中吸收累积的氮、 磷、 钾占同期总累积量的比例随生育期而降低,但块茎则相反,氮、 磷、 钾吸收累积量随生育期而增加,成熟期块茎中吸收累积的养分量占全株的一半以上。 相似文献
4.
氮肥形态对马铃薯氮素积累与分配的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采用田间试验的方法,研究了不同氮肥形态对氮素在马铃薯不同器官中的吸收和运转分配及产量的影响。试验结果表明:铵态氮肥对马铃薯地上干物质积累量的增加作用最明显,施氮处理马铃薯块茎干物质积累量比对照增加50.37%～71.38%;马铃薯各器官中含氮量随生育期推进逐渐下降,其中,茎和叶下降幅度较大;马铃薯各器官中氮含量生育前期表现为叶片>地上茎>根,进入块茎形成期以后,则叶片>根>地上茎>块茎。施氮在马铃薯生育前期有利于茎对氮素的吸收和储存,后期又可以促进茎中的氮素向叶片和块茎转移。施氮各处理产量较对照增加19.28%～63.86%,NH4+-N处理对氮的吸收、积累与分配影响最大,且产量最高,达到39 410.2 kg.hm-2。 相似文献
5.
红芸豆养分限制因子及养分吸收、积累和分配特征研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
研究红芸豆养分限制因子、植株干物质和氮、磷、钾养分积累及分配规律,可为红芸豆合理施肥及高产栽培提供理论依据。大田试验条件下,以‘英国红’红芸豆为试材,设置缺素试验,采集全施肥区植株样品,分析研究红芸豆不同生育时期各器官干物质量、养分含量及积累量。结果显示,氮磷钾配合全施显著提高红芸豆产量;缺氮、缺磷、缺钾处理与全施肥处理相比,产量分别降低14.2%、8.0%和11.3%,表明影响红芸豆产量的限制因子为氮钾磷。在整个生育期,红芸豆干物质累积速率先升高后降低;根、茎、荚皮和豆粒干物质累积量呈上升趋势,叶干物质在收获期有下降趋势,收获时不同部位干物质量为豆粒茎≈荚皮叶片根。随生育期推进,茎、叶和荚皮中氮含量呈递减趋势,豆粒中氮含量呈递增趋势,而各器官磷、钾含量呈递减趋势。盛花期到结荚期是养分累积最大期,其氮、磷、钾吸收量分别占整个生育期吸收总量的28.14%、49.22%和56.20%;不同器官吸收累积氮、磷、钾量不同,成熟期豆粒、叶、茎和根中均为累积氮最多、钾次之、磷最少,荚皮中累积钾最多、氮次之、磷最少。每生产100 kg红芸豆需供给N 4.37 kg、P2O5 2.38 kg、K2O 3.53 kg,比例为1∶0.54∶0.81。 相似文献
6.
氮磷钾肥施用量及施用时期对马铃薯养分转运分配的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过田间小区试验,研究了氮磷钾不同施用量和施用时期对马铃薯块茎产量和N、P、K吸收累积动态及分配转运的影响。结果表明:不同施肥处理块茎产量在33.5～38.6 t/hm2之间,氮肥农学效率在12.3～50.3 kg/kg之间。与高氮磷低钾处理相比,低氮磷高钾处理显著提高了块茎产量、商品薯产量、商品薯率和氮肥农学效率(P<0.05);以低氮磷高钾且氮肥分期施用的处理最佳。不同施肥处理对养分积累趋势影响不大,但可显著影响各器官在不同生育期的养分积累量及分配比例。收获时低氮磷高钾处理不但能增加块茎中氮、磷、钾养分的积累量和分配比例,还利于提高氮、磷、钾养分向块茎的转运率。将部分氮肥在块茎膨大前追施可更有效提高块茎中的养分分配比例,在追施氮肥的基础上再追施钾肥仅略提高了商品薯比例。 相似文献
7.
丹参氮、磷、钾积累分配特点及其与干物质、丹酚酸B积累的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
田间条件下研究了丹参的干物质和丹酚酸B积累与植株氮、磷、钾积累的特点及其相互关系。结果表明,丹参干物质积累总量随氮、磷、钾积累总量的增加呈直线增加趋势,相关系数达显著水平。丹参的叶、茎的干物质积累在整个生育期内呈先上升后下降的趋势; 根部干物质积累呈上升趋势。在整个生育期内,丹酚酸B的积累趋势与丹参干物质积累趋势相似。不同时期,丹参对氮、磷、钾的吸收量不同。在移栽后30 d内对氮、磷、钾的吸收较少,分别占总吸收量的2.68%, 2.23%, 2.20%; 移栽后60~120 d 吸收量迅速增加, 氮、磷、钾的吸收量占全部吸收量的58.57%, 39.92%, 50.18%; 移栽120 d后又有所下降。总的来说,植株对氮的吸收量最多,钾次之,磷最少,整个生育期内对氮、磷、钾的吸收比例为1∶0.12∶0.46。 相似文献
8.
半夏干物质积累与氮、磷、钾吸收特点的研究 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
在田间条件下,研究了一年内半夏二个生长季的干物质积累与氮、磷、钾积累的特点及其相互关系。结果看出,半夏植株在苗期干物质积累较慢,珠芽形成和块茎膨大期积累迅速,生长后期（倒苗期）则又减慢。植株对氮、磷、钾的吸收特点与干物质积累趋势基本一致。不同生长期半夏对氮、磷、钾的吸收量不同。在第一生长季,出苗后生长30 d内对氮、磷、钾的吸收量较少,分别占该生长季吸收量的30.6%,27.7%和27.8%;生长至60 d时吸收量迅速增加,分别占该生长季的43.6%,52.3%和49.0%;60 d以后其吸收量又逐渐减少。半夏第二生长季对氮磷钾的吸收特点与第一生长季的基本一致。表明半夏一年内以对氮的吸收量最多,钾次之,磷最少,氮、磷、钾的吸收比例为1﹕0.63﹕0.87。 相似文献
9.
超高产春玉米氮磷钾的吸收与分配 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
采用田间试验的方法,在供试玉米产量15 435 kg/hm2的超高产水平下,对春玉米氮、磷、钾吸收、分配与转移规律进行了系统研究。结果表明:在灌浆期前,超高产春玉米对氮、磷、钾养分吸收规律变化较为相似,即阶段吸收量和日均吸收量随生育时期的推进逐渐增大;而灌浆期后,植株对氮、磷、钾养分吸收趋势出现显著差异,即氮、磷吸收持续增高,钾吸收迅速下降。养分在各器官体内的分配特点体现在氮、磷分配随生长中心的转移而发生变化,而钾向生长中心的转移变化不明显。 相似文献
10.
水磷耦合烤烟养分吸收分配规律研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为探究烤烟适宜的水磷耦合模式及其对氮、磷、钾养分吸收积累的影响。采用田间小区试验,试验设置3种灌水水平和施磷水平,分别为低水(W_1:0.50 L/株)、中水(W_2:1.00 L/株)、高水(W_3:2.00 L/株)和低磷(P_1:32 kg/hm^2)、中磷(P_2:64 kg/hm^2)、高磷(P_3:96 kg/hm^2),研究了不同施磷量和灌水量条件下烤烟对氮磷钾养分吸收积累的影响。结果表明:施磷量相同时,灌水处理能够明显增加烟株对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收积累量,表现为:W_3P_i>W_2P_i>W_1P_i>CK_i(其中i=1或2或3);当灌水量相同时,增加施磷量也有利于烟株对氮磷钾养分的吸收积累,且在施磷水平为96 kg/hm^2时表现较好,表现为:W_iP_3>W_iP_2>W_iP_1;高磷水平下,灌水量为1.00,2.00 L/株时,W_3P_3和W_2P_3处理烟株对氮磷钾养分的吸收积累量差异不显著;烟株和根、茎、叶各器官对钾的吸收量高于氮和磷,氮、磷、钾在根、茎、叶器官中的分配顺序呈现叶>茎>根的变化规律;在烟株的不同生育期,对养分的吸收积累量和积累强度存在差异。烟株对养分的吸收积累主要在旺长期,烟叶是养分的主要吸收积累器官;施磷量为96 kg/hm^2,灌水量为1.00～2.00 L/株的水磷耦合处理在促进烟株对氮磷钾养分的吸收积累方面效果较好。烤烟施肥中要注意调整氮磷钾的施用比例和水磷耦合配比。 相似文献
11.
The concentration of solanine and α-chaconine in leaves and tubers decreased with the progress of the potato plant towards maturity. In stems an increase of these alcaloids up to the first part of the second stage of the vegetation period could be observed. With a higher level of nitrogen the concentration of both glycoalcaloids in leaves and stems increased, while in tubers a depression of the glycoalcaloid content was estimated. An increased level of potassium did not change markedly the concentration of glycoalcaloids in leaves and stems of the potato plant but decreased both alcaloids in the tuber. 相似文献
12.
Jerusalem artichokes store carbon (C) predominately in the form of inulin, a functional food of increasing interest due to its dietary health benefits for humans and calorie replacement potential in processed foods. To better understand the developmental and agronomic requirements of this crop, the allocation of C and nutrient elements into individual plant parts (stems, leaves, stolons, tubers, ‘seed’ tuber, and roots) was monitored at 2‐week intervals throughout the entire growth cycle of the cultivar ‘Sunchoke’ grown on a Cecil sandy clay loam. Accumulation patterns of C and nutrient elements in individual plant parts were generally in accordance to the pattern of dry matter accumulation, though concentration patterns differed. Overall, nutrient element levels in vegetative structures decreased with the onset of rapid tuber development. Leaves had the highest nutrient levels, except iron (Fe) and sodium (Na). The concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S), and copper (Cu) in tubers were greater than in stems. Total N, P, and K concentrations in the stolons were at lower levels and the total calcium (Ca), Fe, and manganese (Mn) at higher levels compared to the tubers. During rapid tuber growth, the concentration of individual phloem‐mobile nutrient elements (e.g., N, P, and K) in the leaves and stems decreased progressively due in part to reallocation. In contrast, the concentration of less mobile nutrient elements (e.g., Ca and Mn) in the leaves and stems generally increased due to losses of C and other mobile materials. In the tubers, the concentration of C and most nutrient elements remained fairly constant through the final harvest, indicating carbohydrates and nutrient elements were accumulating at the same rate. Knowledge of C and nutrient element allocation/ reallocation in the Jerusalem artichoke is of value for improving fertilization strategies and in identifying critical traits for the selection of new, high yielding cultivars. 相似文献
13.
This study aimed to determine the effects of delayed harvest, irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on yield and fuel quality of the Jerusalem artichoke (JA) (Helianthus tuberosus L.). The biomass, calorific value, ash content and total calories per hectare of the Jerusalem artichoke were assessed in Inner Mongolia, China, at various harvest times, after irrigation and nitrogen application. The results showed that fresh and dry weights of tubers and underground biomass were higher when harvested after freezing; the dry yields of leaves and stems decreased with harvest time. In addition, irrigation significantly enhanced the yields of underground biomass, aboveground biomass and tubers, compared with non-irrigation conditions (p < 0.05). Interestingly, the highest yield was obtained with irrigation and treatment with nitrogenous fertilizers (20 to 50 kg ha?1). The calorific values of tubers and roots were significantly higher for samples harvested after freezing (p < 0.05); the calorific values of leaves and stems significantly decreased with harvest time and without irrigation (p < 0.05). The calorific values of stems and leaves were higher than those of tubers and roots, when JA was harvested before freezing, and the opposite trend was obtained for harvest done after freezing. The highest calories per hectare was obtained in WN2 (585247.42 MJ ha?1) on 30 September 2010 harvest. No correlation was found between the effects of water or nitrogenous fertilizers and ash content. However, the ash contents of stems, leafs, tubers and roots were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) with harvest time. Finally, in all treatment conditions, leaves produced the highest ash amounts among all plant parts, including stems, tubers, leaves and roots. 相似文献
14.
钾肥基施利于甘薯块根产量的形成 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
15.
不同马铃薯品种对Cd、Pb吸收累积的差异 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用田间试验法,以中南地区主要种植的11个马铃薯品种为研究对象,测定马铃薯植株各部位重金属Cd、Pb含量,探讨不同品种的马铃薯对Cd、Pb的吸收累积差异,为马铃薯的安全种植提供实践参考。结果表明:Cd—Pb复合污染下,马铃薯块茎鲜重、茎叶鲜重以及根、茎叶、块茎中Cd、Pb含量在品种间均表现出显著差异。11个马铃薯品种块茎Cd含量范围为0.39～0.67 mg/kg,超标率100%,块茎Pb含量为0.16～0.43 mg/kg,超标率81.8%。马铃薯各部位Cd、Pb含量均呈现根茎叶块茎的分布特点;马铃薯对Cd的富集系数为2.35～5.56,对Pb富集系数为0.11～0.22,马铃薯富集转运Cd的能力大于Pb。尽管复合重金属靶标危险系数(TTHQ)法评价显示,金湘等5种马铃薯的TTHQ值1,对人体健康风险较小,但结合块茎Cd、Pb含量,建议污染区种植的马铃薯作为工业原料使用更安全。 相似文献
16.
Abstract Expanding commercial interest in the use of inulin as a bulking agent for artificial sweeteners, dietary fiber health supplement, fat replacement for processed foods, feed stock for fructose syrups, and a wide range of potential industrial products, has stimulated research on inulin‐containing crops such as the Jerusalem artichoke. To better understand the developmental physiology of the crop and to identify potential breeding objectives, the temporal pattern of development of individual plant parts (shoots, branches, leaves, flowers, stolons, tubers, and roots) and the allocation of dry matter into the same plant parts were monitored in the cultivar ‘Sunchoke’ over the entire growing season and during in situ field storage during the early winter, 32 weeks after planting. While number of shoots (～9) peaked in week 10, the number of branches (42.8), stolons (49.4), and tubers (85.5) reached a maximum 24–28 weeks after planting. Number of leaves (～525) peaked between weeks 20–24 after planting, as did number of flowers (～55). The Jerusalem artichoke allocated the major portion of its dry matter (dm) into aboveground plant parts during the first half of the growing season. Approximately 16 weeks after planting, the pattern of allocation shifted dramatically with: a) near cessation in the acquisition of dry matter; and b) the reallocation of existing dry matter from the aboveground organs into the tubers. By the 16th week after planting, 85% of the total dm was in the aboveground plant parts, but declined to 28% by the 30th week. Of the total dm, 92% was accrued during the first 16 weeks and only 8% thereafter. The shift in dry matter resources coincided with a dramatic decrease in leaf number and in leaf and branch dry weight. By the end of the season, the harvest index reached 0.70 and the tuber yield 14.61 dm ha?1. Yield improvement could potentially be facilitated through lengthening the logarithmic period of carbon fixation and by earlier tuber induction and development. 相似文献
17.
18.
超高产冬小麦对钾的吸收、积累和分配 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确超高产（9000 kg/hm2左右）冬小麦的钾营养特点和为确定施钾技术提供理论依据, 20042005年、 20052006年通过田间试验在2个小麦生长季分别种植4个品种,在小麦生长的各生育时期取植株样品,分析不同器官钾的浓度。结果表明,小麦全生育期地上部不同器官中钾（K2O）浓度为0.21%~3.84%（干重）。各器官均是在形成初期或早期含钾量最高,之后直到成熟期都在不同程度地下降。各生育时期钾浓度最高的器官随生长中心转移而更替。在所有器官中,开花前叶片中钾的积累量和分配率最高,其中拔节前钾在叶片中的分配率达50%或以上; 开花后茎秆中钾的积累量和分配率最高,成熟期钾在茎秆中的分配率达35.6%~45.3%。同一年份不同品种各器官的钾浓度及全生育期钾的总积累量有一定差异,但差异不显著,表明产量在9000 kg/hm2左右的不同品种具有相似的钾素营养特性。小麦植株对钾的总积累量在开花期达到最高值为181.7~230.7 kg/hm2,每生产100 kg籽粒需吸收钾2.0~2.6 kg,钾生产效率为35.36~55.58 kg/kg。小麦对钾的吸收以生育中期（起身至开花）最高,前期（出苗至起身）次之,后期（开花至成熟）为负积累。根据本研究小麦钾素的营养特点,在小麦秸秆还田基础上,9000 kg/hm2左右超高产小麦的钾肥施用量应不低于K2O 90 kg/hm2。 相似文献