共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
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在恒温(27±1)℃,相对湿度75%~80%的条件下,用3种人工饲料与寄主植物香葱连续饲养甜菜夜蛾3代。结果表明,配方Ⅰ和配方Ⅱ能为甜菜夜蛾提供必需的营养物质,其饲养效果最好,甜菜夜蛾均能正常生长,其幼虫存活率、幼虫历期、化蛹率、蛹期、蛹重、羽化率、产卵量等均接近或超过天然饲料。 相似文献
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橘小实蝇雄性不育技术应用过程中混入雌虫活力的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
取羽化前1、2和3d(即-1d、-2d和-3d)来自橘小实蝇遗传性别品系的雌蛹,分别经过90、100和105Gy的60Co辐照后,检测成虫的羽化率、飞行能力和耐压存活率;辐照处理的雌蛹羽化后再分别与普通雄虫和来自遗传性别品系的不育雄虫杂交,在羽化后的第10天、第17天分别采卵,记录产卵量和卵孵化率。结果表明,雌虫羽化率、飞行能力和耐压存活率等变化与雄虫接受辐照后的质量监测结果相同;经过辐照的雌、雄虫相互交配不产卵;辐照处理过的雌虫与普通雄虫交配,成虫的产卵量明显减少,而且剂量越大,蛹龄越小,产卵量越少。 相似文献
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棉铃虫虫源基数的大小,直接影响下一世代种群发生的数量,山东省1990—1994年调查资料分析,越冬蛹量大,麦田第一代棉铃虫发生重,上一代蛾量多,下一代棉铃虫具有发生重的趋势。但虫源数量的影响能波及到哪一代,不同地区之间有什么差异,没有具体的研究和报道。为此,我们对山东德州和郓城、江苏丰县三地的棉铃虫田间种群数量的变化与其前各代虫源基数的相关关系进行分析研究。 相似文献
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对橘小实蝇不育雄虫和福建7个不同地区的野生雄虫共37个个体的线粒体细胞色素氧化酶I（mtDNA COI）基因进行了部分序列测定。在获得的650bp序列中,共有72个变异位点、32个单倍型,其中共享单倍型3种;对所有单倍型聚类分析发现,单倍型在系统树中的分布散乱,没有显示出明显的地理分布族群;结合遗传变异指数（Fst）和净遗传距离（Da）分析认为橘小实蝇不育雄虫与野生虫源间、不同来源的野生虫源间已存有一定程度的遗传分化,但分化程度较低。研究认为应用昆虫不育技术防治橘小实蝇,在饲养过程中需针对不同防治区引进野生虫源复壮,以确保不育雄虫和野生虫源相匹配,提高防治效果。 相似文献
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(1) 绿线螟在广西分布较广,有甘蔗绵蚜和竹笋蚜的地区均有发生。 (2) 在自然情况下绿线螟主要捕食甘蔗绵蚜、竹笋蚜和竹叶蚜,其他蚜群中尚未发现此虫。 (3) 经在室内饲养,此虫每年能发生11个世代,主要以蛹和老熟幼虫越冬。而在自然情况下,由于发生代次比较重迭,各虫态的发育起点温度较低,所以在田间冬春季除可见到蛹和老熟幼虫外,亦能见到成虫、卵和低龄幼虫。 (4) 绿线螟的卵散产于蚜群间,幼虫有吐丝结缀隧道潜居道内的习性,觅食时头胸部伸出隧道或爬出隧道把蚜虫拖至隧道内,然后啮食。当隧道附近无捕食对象时,则藉爬行或吐丝下垂迁移他处。其蛹多化于幼虫结缀的丝质隧道内或附近,化蛹前先吐丝结茧。常若干个聚集成堆。 (5) 绿线螟各虫态的发育情况经初步试验考查,卵的孵化和幼虫的活动取食、脱皮均在日平均温度13.5℃以上,羽化成虫9℃以上,成虫交配产卵16.5℃以上。 相似文献
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阿维菌素预处理与短期高温对小菜蛾3龄幼虫的联合作用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以试虫死亡率、化蛹时间、化蛹率、羽化率等的变化为依据研究了阿维菌素预处理与短期高温对小菜蛾(Plutellaxylostella)3龄幼虫的联合作用.结果表明:35 ℃、40℃高温持续4h及其以上时,对小菜蛾3龄幼虫具有显著不利影响,表现在试虫死亡率显著提高,化蛹率、羽化率显著降低;与35℃相比,40 ℃二处理后试虫不利作用出现时间提前,化蛹时间显著推迟;0.56 mg·L-1阿维菌素处理后,35℃持续12 h能够显著提高阿维菌素的毒力;0.14 mg·L-1、0.56 mg·L-1阿维菌素均能显著提高试虫耐35℃持续4 h、8 h的能力.40℃持续2 h以上都能显著提高0.14 mg·L-1、0.56 mg·L-1阿维菌素的毒力.0.14 mg·L-1阿维菌素能够显著降低试虫耐40℃持续8 h的能力,而0.56 mg·L-1阿维菌素能够显著削弱试虫耐40℃持续2 h、4 h、8 h的能力. 相似文献
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去年以来,我用立体层床饲养蚯蚓,改变了过去用缸养、池养、盆养等养法,尝到了不少甜头。一、好处立体层床饲养蚯蚓有四大优点:(1) 利用室内空间养蚯蚓,解决了饲养房的紧缺困难,降低了养殖蚯蚓的生产成本;(2) 蚓粪收集方便,劳动强度减轻。为蚯蚓养殖工厂化开创了先例;(3) 饲养床的多余水份,可从板缝中下渗,积水现象杜绝了。同时,保湿、保暖、 相似文献
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Zhao Q Shang J Liu Y Wang K Bi F Huang R Wang Q 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(23):9614-9619
A series of novel N-alkoxysulfenyl-N'-tert-butyl-N, N'-diacylhydrazines were designed and synthesized as insect growth regulators by the key intermediates N-chlorosulfenyl-N'-tert-butyl-N, N'-diacylhydrazines, which were prepared for the first time. Compared to N'-tert-butyl-N, N'-diacylhydrazines, these N-alkoxysulfenyl derivatives displayed better solubility and improved hydrophobicities. The insecticidal activities of the new compounds were evaluated. The results of bioassays showed that the title compounds possessed a combination of strong stomach as well as contact poison property higher than the corresponding parent compounds. In particular, N-methoxysufenyl-N'-tert-butyl-N-4-ethylbenzoyl-N'-3,5-dimethylbenzoylhydrazide (IIIf) as a field testing candidate has higher stomach toxicities against oriental armyworm and beet armyworm than the corresponding parent compound RH-5992. Furthermore, the compound IIIf exhibits higher contact activities against oriental armyworm, Asian corn borer, tobacco cutworm, and cotton bollworm than RH-5992. The sulfenyl substituent was essential for high larvacidal activity. 相似文献
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The botanical insecticide celangulin V (CA-V) is an insect digestive poison acting on midgut tissue of the target insect larvae. With the aim of localizing the receptor enacted by CA-V, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific to the compound were developed. A hapten was synthesized by introducing a succinoyl into the CA-V structure and conjugated with three carrier proteins. From mice immunized with one conjugate, three MAbs were obtained with a potential capacity of detecting protein-bound residue forms of CA-V in the biological tissues. The oriental armyworm larvae ingested CA-V were examined by the technique of immuno-electron-microscopy (IEM) using the anti-CA-V MAb as the primary antibody and goat anti-mouse/IgG labeled with colloidal gold as the secondary antibody. Electron micrographs of the armyworm midgut tissues showed that the CA-V was associated with the midgut epithelia of the insects. These results demonstrated the existence of a receptor enacted by CA-V on the midgut cells of the oriental armyworm larvae. 相似文献
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Nitrogen-containing compounds are one important class of constituents in tobacco because of various pharmacological and biological properties. Three types of tobacco leaves (burley, bright, and oriental) were studied using solid-state (15)N NMR cross polarization with magic-angle spinning, dipolar dephasing and five pi replicated magic angle turning (FIREMAT) experiments. The results show that burley tobacco leaves contain significantly more pyridinic nitrogen than that of bright or oriental tobacco leaves. The principal values of (15)N chemical shift tensors of nitrogen functional groups were obtained from the FIREMAT data. Possible assignments of solid-state (15)N NMR resonances were made using nitrogen chemical shift tensors in some model compounds or isotropic chemical shift values from liquid NMR results. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first solid-state (15)N NMR study of tobacco plant material. 相似文献
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A high chloride concentration in oriental tobacco leaf has a detrimental effect on tobacco quality and its burning properties. In order to determine the inheritance of chloride concentration in oriental tobacco leaf, eight tobacco genotypes showing genetic variability for chloride concentration on the basis of our previous investigation were crossed in a diallel program. Parental genotypes and their F1 hybrids were evaluated in greenhouse experiment using randomized complete block design with three replications. Each replication consisted of two pots (one plant per pot). Cultivation took place in plastic plant pots which contained 10 kg soil from the fields of the northwest Iran where the oriental tobacco type is planted. Standard agrotechnical practices for this tobacco type were applied during growth. Tobacco was harvested when it reached technical maturity then it was sun-cured. Percentage of chloride in cured leaves was determined as defined by CORESTA (Cooperation Center for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco, Paris, France). Analysis of variance was performed to determine the effect of genotypes on chloride concentration and showed significant variability among genotypes for this trait. Diallel analysis showed that general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects for chloride concentration were highly significant indicating that both additive and dominant gene effects were important in controlling the chloride concentration. However, the mean square for specific combining ability was greater than those of general combining ability that shows the predominance of the non-additive genetic effects in controlling the chloride concentration. Therefore, the interpopulational breeding strategy using the heterosis effect could give superior gains to this character. 相似文献
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聚乙烯醇对香料烟产量、质量及土壤结构的影响 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
盆栽和田间试验结果表明,聚乙烯醇（PVA）对香料烟生长具有一定的生理效应,使叶绿素、水溶性糖含量增加,NR酶活性、光合效率及烟株根系活力增强。PVA能增加烟株株高和节距,促进烟株早发和提早成熟;增产作用虽未达到显著水准,但对香料烟中上等烟率、均价、产值有明显效果。PVA使晾制后香料烟叶内全钾含量、还原糖量、醚提取物量增加,而烟碱含量减少。用扫描电镜和显微光密度仪观察PVA对土壤结构的影响发现,施用PVA后土壤微结构中出现明显的微团聚体,激团聚体内及体间有较多的孔隙;90％以上颗粒粒径在9～15m之间。未施PVA的土壤,90％以上颗粒粒径在4～10m之间,单粒平均直径比处理土壤的小4～5m,少有微团,孔隙较小,因而紧实。PVA不仅促进了烟株体内代谢和其生长发育,而且改良了土壤结构,良化了作物生长环境。 相似文献
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The millipedePolydesmus angustus was reared in the laboratory from hatching to maturity, reproduction and death. Two food types were used: dead leaves alone or dead leaves supplemented monthly with dry food yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) at a rate not exceeding 5% of leaf dry weight. Growth, survival, adult live weight and fertility were compared between females reared on the two diets. Although the species was able to complete its life cycle on dead leaves alone, several parameters were strongly affected by the addition of yeast: growth was significantly faster, adult females became significantly larger and there was a 4.3-fold increase in fertility. Only survival was unaltered by the addition of yeast. The comparison between these laboratory results and field data on female fertility and live weight suggests that the natural diet of millipedes includes foods of higher quality than dead leaves. Possible sources of high-quality food in natural conditions are discussed. 相似文献
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The millipedePolydesmus angustus was reared in the laboratory from hatching to maturity, reproduction and death. Two food types were used: dead leaves alone or dead leaves supplemented monthly with dry food yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) at a rate not exceeding 5% of leaf dry weight. Growth, survival, adult live weight and fertility were compared between females reared on the two diets. Although the species was able to complete its life cycle on dead leaves alone, several parameters were strongly affected by the addition of yeast: growth was significantly faster, adult females became significantly larger and there was a 4.3-fold increase in fertility. Only survival was unaltered by the addition of yeast. The comparison between these laboratory results and field data on female fertility and live weight suggests that the natural diet of millipedes includes foods of higher quality than dead leaves. Possible sources of high-quality food in natural conditions are discussed. 相似文献
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Zhao Q Shang J Huang Z Wang K Bi F Huang R Wang Q 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(13):5254-5259
A series of novel N-substituted phenoxysulfenyl- N'- tert-butyl- N, N'-diacylhydrazines were designed and synthesized as insect growth regulators via the key intermediates N-chlorosulfenyl- N'- tert-butyl- N, N'-diacylhydrazines. Compared to the parent compounds, these N-substituted phenoxysulfenyl derivatives displayed better solubility and improved hydrophobicities. The insecticidal activities of the new compounds were evaluated. The results of bioassays showed that the title compounds possessed a combination of strong stomach as well as contact poison property higher than the corresponding parent compounds. In particular, N-(4-chlorophenoxy)sulfenyl -N'- tert-butyl- N-4-ethylbenzoyl- N'-3,5-dimethylbenzoylhydrazide ( IIIi) as a field testing candidate has higher stomach toxicities against oriental armyworm and tobacco cutworm than the corresponding parent compound RH-5992. Furthermore, the compound IIIi exhibits higher contact activities against Asian corn borer, tobacco cutworm, and cotton bollworm than RH-5992. 相似文献
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This study was undertaken to understand why Ceratitis capitata larvae reared on a diet fortified with nine vitamins except nicotinic acid had 100% mortality, while those reared on a 10-vitamin-free diet had 66% survival (Chang, C. L.; Li, Q. X. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 2004, 97, 536-540). Our results showed that nicotinamide was detected at a level of 0.07 microg/g in second-instar larvae reared on the 10-vitamin-free diet and 0.30 microg/g in the corresponding spent diet, while it was not detected in either the larvae reared on the diet fortified with 707 microg/g of nine vitamins (nicotinic acid absent) or the corresponding spent diet. Nicotinamide was detected at concentrations of 0.13 and 0.15 microg/g in the larvae fed the diets that were fortified with 707 microg/g of nine other vitamins and 2 and 20 microg/g of nicotinic acid, respectively, but it was not found in the larvae fed the 0.2 microg/g of nicotinic acid diet. Nicotinamide was detected at concentrations of 0.44, 0.52, and 0.55 microg/g in the spent diets that were fortified with the nine vitamins (707 microg/g) and 0.2, 2, and 20 microg/g of nicotinic acid, respectively. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) was in the live larvae, but not in the dead larvae. These findings indicate that dietary nicotinic acid is converted to nicotinamide, which, in turn, is used to synthesize NAD, and suggest a positive relationship between C. capitata larvae survival rates and concentrations of dietary nicotinic acid and nitcotinamide in the larvae as well as in the spent diets. The result shows that nicotinamide derived from supplemental nicotinic acid is essential for the development and survival of C. capitata larvae. Nicotinamide may be a biomarker for larval survival and development. 相似文献
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Enormous numbers of synthetic fluorine-containing compounds have been widely used in a variety of fields, especially in drug and pesticide design. To find novel insect growth regulators, a series of benzoylphenylureas with fluorinated substituents were designed and synthesized. The results of larvicidal activities of those novel fluoro-substituted benzoylphenylureas against oriental armyworm and mosquito revealed that most compounds exhibited excellent activities. It is worth mentioning that compounds 3 and 6 exhibited higher activities against oriental armyworm and mosquito than commercial Hexaflumuron. It can be further seen that the insecticidal activities would increase significantly by introducing fluorinated substituents into the structure of the designed benzoylphenylureas. 相似文献