共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
口蹄疫诊断技术研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
口蹄疫的有效控制关键在于早期检测 ,然而有很多疾病症状与口蹄疫相似 ,仅靠临床症状难以确诊 ,因此必须进行实验室诊断。实验室诊断包括病毒学诊断和血清学诊断。病毒学诊断方法有病毒分离、补体结合试验、酶联免疫吸附试验 ( EL ISA)、RT-PCR以及乳胶凝集试验 ( L AT)。 RT-PCR有待进一步完善 ,而用于野外检测的现场诊断方法已取得可喜进展。血清学诊断包括中和试验和 EL ISA,中和试验已经被 EL ISA方法取代 ,并且通过检测非结构蛋白的抗体可以区分感染动物和免疫动物。更加快速、敏感、可靠以及用于检测潜伏感染的诊断技术将是今后研究的热点。 相似文献
2.
Dossin O 《Topics in companion animal medicine》2011,26(2):86-97
The panel of laboratory tests available for diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases in dogs and cats is wide, and, recently, several new tests have been developed. This article will focus on advances in laboratory tests that are available for the general practitioner for diagnosis of GI diseases. Laboratory tests for diagnosis of gastric and intestinal infectious diseases include fecal parasite screening tests, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for parvoviral enteritis, and some specific bacterial tests like fluorescent in situ hybridization for identification of specific bacteria attached to the intestinal epithelial cells. Serum concentrations of folate and cobalamin are markers of intestinal absorption, but are also changed in exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Hypocobalaminemia is common in GI and pancreatic disease. Decreased serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity is a very sensitive and specific test for the diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in dogs and cats. Serum pancreatic lipase is currently the most sensitive and specific test to identify pancreatic cell damage and acute pancreatitis. However, serum canine pancreas-specific lipase is less sensitive in canine chronic pancreatitis. Increased serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity is also specific for pancreatic damage but is less sensitive. It is very likely that further studies will help to better specify the role of these new tests in the diagnosis of canine and feline pancreatic diseases. 相似文献
3.
J S Guy 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》1986,16(6):1145-1156
The diagnosis of canine viral infections frequently requires the correlation of clinical, hematologic, pathologic, and laboratory findings. When laboratory diagnostics are utilized, appropriate specimens must be collected. In addition, correct timing of specimen collection and the proper handling and transport of these specimens are essential. Whenever possible, the practitioner should not rely on any one laboratory procedure for making a diagnosis; rather, a combination of techniques should be used. Submission of tissue for histopathology, virus isolation, and antigen detection techniques (FAT), serum for serologic analysis, and feces whenever enteric infections are investigated will maximize the chances of making a successful diagnosis. 相似文献
4.
G. Diane Shelton 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2010,39(3):278-295
Abstract: The diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases can be challenging. The first step is recognition that the disease involves the neuromuscular system (muscle, neuromuscular junction, peripheral nerve, and ventral horn cells of the spinal cord). Many neuromuscular diseases share clinical signs and cannot be distinguished based on clinical examination. Routine laboratory screening, including a CBC, biochemical profile, and urinalysis, can identify some of the most common systemic abnormalities that cause muscle weakness and myalgia, such as hypo‐ and hyperglycemia, electrolyte disorders, or thyroid abnormalities, and may suggest a specific diagnosis, such as diabetes mellitus, hypo‐ or hyperadrenocorticism, renal failure, or hypothyroidism. Increased creatine kinase activity, increased cardiac troponin I concentration, and myoglobinuria are useful in detecting skeletal and cardiac muscle damage. Identification of acetylcholine receptor antibodies is diagnostic for acquired myasthenia gravis. For primary muscle or peripheral nerve diseases, tissue biopsy is the most direct way to determine specific pathology, correctly classify the disease, and determine the course of additional laboratory testing. For example, inflammatory, necrotizing, dystrophic, metabolic, or congenital myopathies require different laboratory testing procedures for further characterization. Many neuromuscular diseases are inherited or breed‐associated, and DNA‐based tests may already be established or may be feasible to develop after the disorder has been accurately characterized. This review focuses on both routine and specialized laboratory testing necessary to reach a definitive diagnosis and determine an accurate prognosis for neuromuscular diseases. 相似文献
5.
F Stevens 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》1986,16(4):685-702
The use of small computers for assistance in medical diagnosis is examined in light of their limitations, particularly in a veterinary clinical setting. Various approaches to these problems are discussed with an eye towards "appropriate technology" for the veterinary practice. The author describes two "expert systems" he devised that enable the small computer to aid in the analysis of laboratory data and in the clinical diagnosis of veterinary patients. 相似文献
6.
W.W. Laegreid 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1994,17(3-4):297-303
African horsesickness (AHS) is a very serious, non-contagious disease of horses and other solipeds caused by an arthropod-borne orbivirus of the family Reoviridae. The epizootic nature of the disease makes rapid, accurate diagnosis of AHS absolutely essential. Currently, diagnosis of AHS is based on typical clinical signs and lesions, a history consistent with vector transmission and confirmation by laboratory detection of virus and/or anti-AHS virus antibodies. The clinicopathologic presentation of AHS, current and next generation laboratory diagnostic methods are discussed. 相似文献
7.
R L Ott 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》1986,16(6):1157-1170
A diagnosis of a specific viral disease in the cat involves a combination of an accurate history, careful observation of disease signs, demonstration of characteristic clinical pathologic changes, and isolation or identification of the virus. Isolation or identification of a virus from the patient does not establish that the disease observed was caused by the virus so isolated or identified; correlation and proper interpretation of all findings are necessary to establish a diagnosis. Virus identification may involve office laboratory tests, such as cytology or ELISA, or more specialized procedures. Whether specimens are to be sent out for specialized tests or office laboratory procedures are to be used, the veterinary practitioner must not only know what specimens are required but must also understand the test and be able to properly interpret the results in light of the patient's observed condition. 相似文献
8.
Dermatophytosis in dogs is variable and can clinically mimics other skin diseases. Diagnosis based on clinical presentation may be misleading and additional laboratory tests are needed for a final diagnosis. A systematic diagnostic procedure can prevent a wrong diagnosis and allow for the right treatment. 相似文献
9.
Sutherland RJ 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1985,33(10):161-165
An adequate diagnosis allows the development of specific treatment and preventive strategies for problems encountered in clinical practice. Such a diagnosis must sustain reasonable scientific challenge and needs to be founded on objective clinical and/or laboratory findings. The problem-oriented system optimises the chance of achieving this while making it possible to improve performance through self-assessment and through the development of a standard, rational, and comprehensive approach to the diagnosis of clinical problems. This system enhances the scientific aspects of veterinary diagnosis and is an effective means of incorporating laboratory support into clinical veterinary medicine. 相似文献
10.
11.
牛传染性鼻气管炎诊断方法研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
进行牛传染性鼻气管炎分子流行病学调查时,首先通过临床症状观察进行初诊,然后再进行实验室确诊。目前实验室诊断主要包括病原学诊断和血清学诊断。病原学诊断方法包括包涵体检查、病毒分离和病毒核酸检测;血清学诊断方法包括中和试验、琼脂扩散试验、间接血凝试验、酶联免疫吸附试验和变态反应。有时还要进行鉴别诊断,鉴别诊断主要有单克隆抗体法、鉴别PCR等。牛传染性鼻气管炎在世界范围内流行,给全球的养牛业造成了很大的影响。论文综述了牛传染性鼻气管炎诊断方法研究进展,为预防和消除该病提供参考。 相似文献
12.
M A Radlinsky 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2001,31(1):181-92, vii
The cause of lameness is usually identified through evaluation of signalment, history, and physical examination. Radiographic evaluation provides a definitive diagnosis in many cases; however, laboratory evaluation may prove useful in the characterization of certain conditions or in the prognostication of the condition. In some instances where the definitive diagnosis remains elusive, arthroscopic examination is a minimally invasive diagnostic tool that may be more affordable and available than computed tomography. This article reviews laboratory evaluation of the lame patient and arthroscopic evaluation of joint abnormalities. 相似文献
13.
Robert H Poppenga 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice》2008,11(2):195-210, v
A toxicologic diagnosis is based on knowledge of the circumstances surrounding a particular case, knowledge of the clinical symptomatology, receipt and evaluation of proper specimens by a qualified laboratory, and judicious interpretation of the laboratory results. Failure to have all necessary ingredients can result in a wrong or missed diagnosis. Many veterinary toxicology laboratories can detect suspected toxicants in feed, tissue, and environmental samples at extremely low concentrations. The ability to detect toxicants at such low levels has often outpaced the ability of the diagnostician to interpret the analytic findings. This article provides guidelines for acquiring a good history, collecting appropriate samples for analysis, and selecting a veterinary analytic laboratory to maximize the probability of making a correct toxicologic diagnosis. 相似文献
14.
W L Wigle 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice》2000,3(2):403-21, vi
Respiratory conditions constitute many of the diseases affecting all avian species, including gallinaceous birds. Clinical signs and gross lesions of different respiratory diseases are often similar, and establishing a definitive diagnosis may require ancillary laboratory testing. Determination of a specific diagnosis allows practitioners to select the most effective therapies and to prescribe a management program that prevents recurrence. 相似文献
15.
The viewpoint presented is that, because compensatory functional adjustment of the residual nephrons occurs in chronic renal disease, reduction in nephron number usually exceeds 70% before a diagnosis is made. The case that earlier diagnoses are likely if laboratory medicine values are measured and interpreted with a maximum of efficiency is then made. The laboratory data more commonly used in practice for the clinical assessment of renal function in the dog are presented and some comparisons with findings in man are made. The information originates from clinical and experimental observations of the authors, as well as from a literature review. The laboratory data presented and discussed includes glomerular filtration rate and the clearance of nitrogenous waste (urea and creatinine), plasma protein concentration, plasma osmolality, renal concentrating capacity, and urinary constituents, particularly its protein concentration and sediment (centrifuge deposit). All parameters recommended for the clinical assessment of chronic renal failure are considered qualitatively, and some are also dealt with quantitatively. 相似文献
16.
Electron microscopy as an aid to the rapid diagnosis of virus diseases of veterinary importance 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The use of electron microscopy to assist in the rapid diagnosis of virus diseases of veterinary importance is reviewed. Electron microscopy can be used to assist the laboratory diagnosis of a virus disease at two stages during the investigation; either by demonstrating virus in clinical material or by identifying isolates from tissue culture or similar systems. Direct electron microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy are particularly useful for rapid diagnosis. The advantages of electron microscopy lie in speed and flexibility, and the disadvantages in the high particle concentration needed and the presumptive nature of a diagnosis. 相似文献
17.
Broome MR 《Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice》2006,21(1):10-16
Thyroid scintigraphy is a nuclear medicine procedure that produces a visual display of functional thyroid tissue based on the selective uptake of various radionuclides by thyroid tissue. Thyroid scintigraphy provides valuable information regarding both thyroid anatomy and physiology and can play an integral role in the diagnosis and management of cats with hyperthyroidism. Thyroid scintigraphy allows the direct visualization of the functional adenomatous thyroid tissue responsible for the development of hyperthyroidism. For this reason, thyroid scintigraphy will allow the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism before laboratory tests are consistently abnormal. Thyroid scintigraphy can also exclude a diagnosis of hyperthyroidism in cats with thyroid hormone elevations of nonthyroidal origin. Thyroid scintigraphy provides an additional method for determining the relative severity of thyroid disease that is less affected by the presence of concurrent nonthyroidal illness than laboratory evaluations. When treating hyperthyroid cats with radioiodine, the lowest effective dose should be administered. In an effort to administer the lowest radioiodine dose possible, the volume of adenomatous thyroid tissue present in the individual hyperthyroid cat should be considered. Thyroid scintigraphy provides an excellent method for evaluating the size of hyperfunctional thyroid tissue that is not limited by the presence of ectopic or intrathoracic thyroid tissue. Thyroid scintigraphy also provides valuable information in the diagnosis and evaluation of hyperthyroid cats with thyroid carcinoma. 相似文献
18.
In this article, diseases will be discussed by system. Common differential diagnoses that may be associated with gross lesions are pointed out, and practical laboratory tests are presented that may help establish a specific diagnosis. 相似文献
19.
The diagnostic value of laboratory examination methods was assessed in the diagnosis of avian encephalomyelitis in seven to twenty-two days old chickens. Histological examination and immunofluorescent test are expedient methods meeting the requirements for timely application of infection-control measures. The agreement of histological examination with the over-all laboratory examination is 70 to 81% and the agreement of the immunofluorescence test is 76%. Bioassay on chickens followed by a histological examination appears to be the best method, providing results with the highest significance. However, it is lengthy, applicable to the necessary demonstration of a virus or to cases when the histological or immunofluorescence examinations are dubious. With the over-all laboratory evaluation the method shows agreement in 95 to 100% of cases. The diagnostic value of the method of virus isolation in chick embryos is reduced by the fact that intercurrent viruses (adenoviruses, IB and others) may be passaged at the same time. 相似文献
20.
Clinical lungworm disease appears to occur frequently in Dutch dairy herds. Because the clinical diagnosis is difficult to make in adult cattle, the clinical diagnosis, laboratory diagnosis, differential diagnosis, therapy, and prevention are discussed in this article. In addition, four cases of lungworm disease in adult cattle are presented. The main clinical complaints were coughing, decreased milk production, and weight loss. Several lactating cows died in one herd. The disease history of four herds revealed that introduction of susceptible cows or heifers to herds with cows with subclinical patent lungworm infections had resulted in a pasture infection, leading to clinical problems in both the newly introduced and 'resident' cows of the herd. Further history analysis of the fourth herd revealed that re-introduction of lungworm infection by newly purchased cows in a lungworm free herd resulted in clinical lungworm problems in adult and young animals. The fourth case led to the conclusion that lungworm infection must have been re-introduced by cows purchased from another farm. 相似文献