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环绕滴灌施肥对苹果产量、品质和水分利用的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过2年对果树环绕滴灌施肥与畦田灌冲施肥的效果研究表明,苹果采用环绕滴灌施肥技术具有很大的节水增产潜力,在比畦灌对照节约灌水37%、节约纯养分7%～15%的条件下,产量增加34.1%～45.1%,水分利用效率增加1.2～1.5kg/m3,滴施"圣诞树"水溶肥处理的果实品质明显提高。因此,在果树生产中推荐采用环绕滴灌施肥,萌芽期滴施水溶肥(20-20-20)11kg/667m2、果实膨大前期滴施(19-8-27)20kg/667m2、膨大后期滴施(16-8-34)20kg/667m2,每次灌水30～35m3/667m2,可获较高的产量和水分利用效率。 相似文献
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针对北京市果树生产水肥用量大、用工多以及环绕滴灌施肥技术参数不明的现状,采用裂区设计方法,研究了环绕滴灌施肥条件下不同灌溉施肥制度对果树生长、产量、水分利用及品质的影响。结果表明:采用环绕滴灌施肥技术,张力计读数为-25kPa时开始灌溉,每次灌水22.5~52.5mm,随水滴施水溶肥60~120kg/hm2的处理较好,与常规对照相比,节水29%、纯养分节约49%~67%,产量增加4.4%~8.5%,水分利用效率提高9.3~11.7kg/mm,可溶性固形物含量提高1.8~2.1个百分点。 相似文献
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为探索设施西瓜栽培的最优灌水策略,以“早佳8424”西瓜为研究对象,在早春塑料大棚栽培模式下,以常规滴灌为对照,设置3个交替根区滴灌处理(灌水上限分别为70%、80%、90%田间持水量),研究不同灌溉模式对西瓜生长、产量、品质、养分吸收及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明：交替根区滴灌处理(灌水上限和下限分别为90%和60%田间持水量)的综合性状最好,其主蔓长、叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)、平均单果质量、产量及果实中心可溶性固形物含量、全氮含量、全钾含量均较对照显著提高;理论产量达48 217.5 kg/hm2,水分利用效率达78.21 kg/m3,较对照分别增长11.09%和35.50%;且较对照节水33.01%,具有明显的节水效果和较高的水分利用效率,不仅促进了西瓜生长、品质提升以及养分吸收,同时可以实现高产、节水,有效提升灌溉水分利用效率。 相似文献
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灌溉方式对春大棚黄瓜产量、经济效益和灌溉水分生产效率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以"北农佳秀"黄瓜为试材,研究了不同灌溉方式对其生长、产量、经济效益和水分生产效率的影响,以期明确不同灌溉方式节水增产效果。结果表明:膜下微喷和膜下滴灌均能促进黄瓜生长,提高产量、灌溉水分生产效率、品质和经济效益。与CK(覆膜沟灌,农户常规灌溉量)相比,D1(膜下滴灌,70%常规灌溉量)、D(膜下滴灌,85%常规灌溉量)、M1(膜下微喷,70%常规灌溉量)和M(膜下微喷,85%常规灌溉量)产量分别提高34.5%、33.4%、29.1%和21.4%,处理差异显著。经济效益分别增加3.53万、3.31万、3.27万、2.20万元/hm2。在该试验条件下,综合产量、水分生产效率和经济效益等指标,建议条件较好的农业园区采用滴灌技术,生产条件相对较差的地区采用膜下微喷技术。 相似文献
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为了明确京郊日光温室越冬茬黄瓜高产栽培所需的适宜滴灌量,以黄瓜"津优35"为试材,研究了不同滴灌量对黄瓜灌溉水分配、产量、品质、水分利用效率和经济效益的影响。结果表明:85%农户常规灌溉量处理较对照节水50.8 mm,深层渗漏量减少42.6%,黄瓜产量提高3.6 t/hm~2,可溶性糖含量提高17.3%,硝酸盐含量降低5.0 mg/kg,果实品质提高;水分利用效率提高3.61 kg/m~3,增收1.42万元/hm~2。综合来看,85%农户常规灌溉量处理是京郊日光温室越冬茬黄瓜适宜滴灌量,全生育期灌溉总量为327.9 mm,其中苗期41.7 mm,初瓜期43.1 mm,结果期243.1 mm,当埋深20 cm的土壤张力计读数为-21.6 kPa时需进行灌溉。 相似文献
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痕量灌溉在温室大桃上的应用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
试验以日光温室大桃为供试作物,以常规畦灌和滴灌为对照,研究第一代痕量灌溉系统在地膜覆盖和地表裸露两种条件下对生长、产量和水分利用的影响。结果表明：痕量灌溉管路埋深50cm且地膜覆盖处理,痕量灌溉比畦灌和滴灌分别节约灌水80．1m^3／667m^2和40．0m^3／667m^2,水分利用效率比畦灌和滴灌分别增加16．1kg／m^3和10．6kg／m^3,经济产量无显著差异;痕量灌溉管埋深5cm、地表裸露条件下,痕量灌溉此畦灌和滴灌分别节约灌水88．9m^3／667m^2和39．8m^3／667m^2,经济产量比畦灌和滴灌分别减少11．5％和25．3％。痕量灌溉在果树上应用时,宜地膜覆盖并埋深30cm。 相似文献
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以生产上的经验灌水量每次30 m3•（667 m2）-1-未覆膜（G30N）为对照,研究不同覆盖方式和灌水量对甘蓝水分利用和干物质积累的影响。结果表明：随着灌水量的增大,渗漏量、蒸发量增加,蒸腾量以G30N最大,其中膜孔灌溉处理（除蒸发量外）均大于裸地灌溉,而土壤储水量降低|裸地灌溉下增加灌水量可以提高甘蓝的外叶、叶球、根和总干物质量,0～10 cm和0～30 cm土层根质量增加,10～30 cm土层根质量则减少,膜孔灌溉下适当减少灌水量,则甘蓝的各部分干物质量相应提高,且减少灌水量能有效地增加各层根系干质量|增大灌水量,甘蓝产量增加,但水分利用效率则降低,且膜孔灌溉处理的产量和水分利用效率均大于裸地灌溉。综合甘蓝生产和节水两方面考虑,裸地灌溉每次20 m3•（667 m2）-1,或者膜孔灌溉每次10 m3•（667 m2）-1处理的效果较好,值得在生产上推广。 相似文献
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西北半干旱地区番茄窖水灌溉技术的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
探讨了我国西北半干旱地区利用窖水采用不同方法灌溉对番茄生长发育、产量、产值、病害及土壤温、湿度的影响。结果表明 ,在一定灌水量的前提下 ,微灌效果最好 ,6 6 7m2 产量达4 0 18.6kg ,产值达 1932 .6元。病毒病、脐腐病发病率低 ,番茄植株根系生长良好。暗沟灌溉次之 ,穴灌由于灌水区域、时间相对集中 ,抑制了根系的伸展。而高垄畦灌灌水量偏少 ,影响了植株生长发育 ,产量、产值较低 ,病害发生较重 ,不宜采用 相似文献
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干旱区戈壁地滴灌葡萄园土壤水分时空变化研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以克瑞森无核葡萄为试材,研究了相同滴头流量不同滴灌时间下干旱区戈壁地滴灌葡萄园土壤水分时空变化,以有效的提高葡萄产量和土壤水分利用率。结果表明:不同滴水时间条件下,6 h和8 h更加合理,湿润峰垂直方向为10～50 cm之间,水分含量的分布梯度差异不明显;水平方向水分主要分布在0～30 cm之间,有利于根系对水分的合理高效利用以及葡萄根系的生长,可提高肥料的利用率,为水肥耦合模型建立创造了条件。然而在停水后土壤的相对湿度与水势之间没有明显的相关性。 相似文献
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Effect of irrigation rate on yield of drip-irrigated seedless watermelon in a humid region 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Seedless watermelon can be a profitable crop in humid regions such as the Delmarva Peninsula in the Mid-Atlantic region of the USA. Production using drip irrigation under plastic mulch is increasingly common but, although this is potentially an efficient production system, it is also complex in terms of irrigation scheduling. Experiments were conducted in 2004, 2005 and 2006 in Georgetown, Delaware to measure the effect of irrigation rate on yield of seedless watermelon grown with drip irrigation under plastic mulch. Relative irrigation rates were used to provide water amounts that ranged from low to high. The irrigation rates in all years included 50%, 100% and 150% of nominal crop water use, with additional rates of 0% and 250% in 2005 and 2006. Data from a nearby weather station were used to estimate reference evapotranspiration. Volumetric soil water content in the 50%, 100% and 150% treatments was measured in the center of each mulched bed using multi-sensor capacitance probes with sensors at depths of 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, 50 cm and 70 cm. Yield of seedless melons per unit area of land ranged from about 55–95 tonnes/ha, depending on the year and the irrigation rate, but within each year the yield differences due to the irrigation rate were not significant (p = 0.10) despite the large range in rate. Differences in quality, as measured by sugar content and the incidence of hollow heart, was also not significant. This lack of response to irrigation may be due to the ability of the root system to use infiltrated rainwater from outside the mulched bed. Growers in the region tend to apply more water than may be required as a form of risk avoidance. This study indicates that irrigation amounts could likely be reduced without having an adverse effect on yield. 相似文献
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Nitrogen and water use efficiency of zucchini squash for a plastic mulch bed system on a sandy soil 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Lincoln Zotarelli Michael D. Dukes Johannes M. Scholberg Travis Hanselman Kristen Le Femminella Rafael Muñoz-Carpena 《Scientia Horticulturae》2008
Zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) is an economically important vegetable crop in Florida. Typically, it is intensively managed with high inputs of fertiliser and irrigation water. Our objectives were to evaluate the interaction between fertilisation rates and irrigation treatments, and to quantify nitrate leaching in a plastic mulched/drip irrigated zucchini squash production systems. Three studies were carried out. The first study evaluated different depth placement of drip and fertigation lines on plant growth and fruit yield. Treatments included SUR (both irrigation and fertigation drip lines placed on the surface); S&S (both lines buried 0.15 m deep); and SDI (irrigation line placed 0.15 m below the fertigation line on the surface). The second and third studies compared three different N-rates and different soil moisture sensor-based irrigation strategies. Nitrate-N leaching was monitored by zero tension drainage lysimeters and soil samples. N leaching increased when irrigation and N-rates increased, with values ranging from 2 to 45 kg ha−1 of N. Use of SDI increased yields by 16% compared to the S&S treatment, and reduced nitrate leaching by 93% while increasing the water use efficiency by 75% compared to a fixed 2-h irrigation event per day treatment. Application of N above the standard recommended rate of 145 kg ha−1 did not increase yield, although yields were reduced at the lowest N-rate. The use of soil moisture sensors for automatic irrigation control reduced irrigation application and minimized nitrogen leaching. In addition, combining the soil moisture controlled SDI system that had surface applied fertigation resulted in similar or higher yields, while reducing both water use and potential N leaching because of improved nutrient retention in the root zone. 相似文献
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Apurba Bandyopadhyay Dipak Kumar Ghosh Maheswarappa Halli Parameswarappa Jagadish Timsina 《International Journal of Fruit Science》2019,19(1):57-74
Fertigation has the potential to reduce extra chemical load by improving nutrient and water use efficiency of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.), but studies demonstrating the fertilizer reduction through drip irrigation in comparison to conventional ring basin method are rare in the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) of South Asia. A long-term field experiment was conducted during 2007–2013 in West Bengal, India, to study the effect of fertigation on coconut var. DXT. The experiment was laid out in a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with six treatments (control – no fertilizers and water applied with drip irrigation; 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), each applied with drip irrigation; and 100% of the RDF and water applied with ring basin method of irrigation (i.e., conventional method)). Nuts yield was significantly higher for 75% of RDF (24.44 t ha?1 year?1) followed by 100% of RDF, each drip irrigation (23.79 t ha?1 year?1) compared to control (21.89 t ha?1 year?1). Copra yield was significantly higher for 75% of RDF (3.19 t ha?1) compared to 100% of RDF (3.12 t ha?1) and no fertilizer (1.87 t ha?1). Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents of soil increased by 4.9%, 10.4% and 9.4%, respectively, with 75% of RDF applied through drip irrigation. Microbial population showed inverse relationship with amount of fertilizer application. The most water-use efficient fertigation treatment was 75% RDF (13.48 kg copra m?3) followed by 100% RDF (13.18 kg copra m?3) with drip irrigation as compared to conventional way soil application of fertilizers through ring basin method of irrigation (4.23 kg copra m?3). Role of N on yield variability was most prominent by both available soil N status (R2 = 0.49**) and leaf N concentration (R2 = 0.51**). The study indicated that there is a great scope for reducing the N, P and K fertilizers by up to 25% of the present RDFs for coconut when applied through drip irrigation compared to ring basin method of irrigation for its higher productivity and profitability through efficient use of nutrients and water in the Eastern IGP of South Asia. 相似文献
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交替根区灌溉和施氮量对葡萄幼树生长特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
该试验采用盆栽进行。以2年生‘巨峰’葡萄为试材,设置不同灌溉方式(传统双侧滴灌、固定根区滴灌、交替根区滴灌)和施氮水平(0.4、0.8、1.2 g/kg土,依次记为低氮、中氮、高氮),研究根区交替灌溉与不同施氮量对葡萄生长特性的影响。结果表明,灌溉方式与施氮量存在显著的互作效应,在新梢修剪前,新梢长度表现传统双侧滴灌最长(77.22 cm)、交替根区滴灌居中(68.53 cm)、固定根区滴灌最短(64.50 cm)。交替根区滴灌和固定根区滴灌的新梢长度依次比传统双侧滴灌降低11.3%、16.5%;葡萄新梢修剪量依次降低10.8%、21.3%。同一灌溉方式下,随着施氮量的增加,新梢修剪量增加。与传统双侧滴灌相比,交替根区滴灌叶面积略有降低,固定根区滴灌叶面积显著降低,在局部根区滴灌2种方式下,随着施氮量的增加,叶面积均呈上升趋势,中氮和高氮处理差异不显著;在传统双侧滴灌方式下,随着施氮量的增加,叶面积先增加后降低。综合考虑不同水氮耦合处理,交替滴灌与中氮互作能够在减少灌溉量和施氮量的条件下优化树体生长。 相似文献
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为了探索水肥耦合在设施番茄上的应用效果及其对肥料减施的贡献，采用田间试验，设置6个处理，研究了水肥耦合条件下底肥减施20%和40%、灌溉量减少15%的条件下对设施番茄产量、品质和土壤养分的影响。结果表明：中水中肥（W2F2）处理产量最高，显著高于其他处理，产量比高水中肥（W1F2）处理提高2.0%，比常规处理（W1F1）提高4.1%。中水中肥处理番茄可溶性固形物、维生素C、土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量比常规处理分别提高1.5%、5.8%、6.5%、6.3%、4.5%、10.6%。说明中水中肥处理（80%常规施肥+滴灌至田间持水量的85%，每公顷每次施用51kg大量元素水溶肥随水滴灌4次）不仅能提高设施番茄产量，还能在一定程度上提高番茄品质和土壤养分含量，是设施番茄肥料减施最佳处理。 相似文献