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基于含水率与温度补偿的土壤pH值在线实时检测系统 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对目前常用土壤pH值传感器在测量过程中受土壤含水率和温度影响较大的问题,设计了带有温度、含水率补偿模型的锑电极土壤pH值在线实时检测系统。利用最小二乘法对pH值和测量结果进行线性分析,补偿土壤pH值测量误差。试验结果表明,经过补偿之后,由温度和含水率变化导致的pH值测量误差至少可降低84. 5%,pH值测量值随温度和含水率的变化幅度不超过±0. 1。与市场产品ZD-18型土壤酸度计、HYSWR-ARC-12V型土壤含水率传感器、水银温度计对比研究得出,3项指标线性拟合决定系数均达到0. 99以上。为了确保自然环境下土壤pH值测量的适用性,探索了系统在使用过程中土壤含水率的阈值与测量精度,表明在土壤体积含水率大于5%的情况下均可有效测量。试验表明,在pH值3. 06～10. 36范围之内,本系统可有效测量,检测误差为-1. 53%～3. 51%,满足土壤pH值实时在线测量要求。 相似文献
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设计了可以定位、快速、同步测量农田土壤含水率和坚实度的采集仪.在探讨该仪器测量原理和软硬件设计的基础上,对其测量的准确性进行了试验分析.某苗圃地,选定5 m × 5 m的30个采样点,用农田信息采集仪和烘干法分别测量各点的土壤含水率,并对测量值进行简单相关分析,其相关系数为0.917 9,达到极显著性相关.以同样的方式,采用农田信息采集仪和SC900型数字土壤坚实度仪,分别测量30个采样点10 cm和20 cm深度处的土壤坚实度值,并对两种方法在两个深度时的测量值进行相关性分析,其相关系数分别为0.826 7和0.924 5,达到极显著性相关.试验结果表明,该采集仪对农田土壤含水率和坚实度测量的准确性可满足农业生产要求. 相似文献
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土壤阻力连续测试系统可连续获取农田压实的土壤阻力信息。为研究土壤阻力连续测试系统测试土壤阻力指数(TRI)的适用性,安排了小区对比、大田对比和工作速度影响3个试验,进行了土壤阻力指数TRI值与土壤圆锥指数CI值对比分析。试验结果表明:在表征农田土壤压实程度上,TRI值与CI值具有一致性,即利用土壤阻力连续测量系统测取的TRI数据可以反应农田土壤的压实程度;土壤阻力连续测量系统采样连续、数据信息量大和采样效率高,适合于大面积农田土壤信息快速采集,有利于变耕深耕作技术的开展;在保证系统高效、安全和测试数据稳定的前提下,试验结果显示测试系统较理想的工作速度是1.0m/s。 相似文献
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为了精确地测量与调节果库的温度和湿度、提高果库的管理质量,设计了温度与湿度调控智能化系统.采用80C196单片机为主控单元、汇编语言编程,集成电路温度传感器、电容式湿度传感器,多通道巡检、采样,使测温误差控制在±0.2℃、湿度误差在50%～100%的范围内保持良好的线性度.在执行机构中,采用了继电保护,对系统的工作过程实行了数字显示. 相似文献
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基于单片机的蔬菜大棚温度控制系统设计 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
设计了以单片机为核心的蔬菜大棚温度控制系统。从硬件和软件两方面介绍了单片机温度控制系统的设计思想,对硬件原理图和程序流程图进行了系统的描述。系统具有键盘输入温度给定值、LED数码管显示温度值和温度越限报警的功能,实现了温度的自动测量和自动控制,可将大棚内的温度始终控制在适合蔬菜生长的温度范围内。 相似文献
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农田土壤pH值和电导率采集仪设计与试验 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
设计开发了测量pH值和电导率的农田信息采集仪.在探讨该仪器测量原理和软硬件设计的基础上,分别采用两点校正法和配比KCl溶液法对采集仪的pH值和电导率测量进行了标定试验,并在一块黄豆田间隔14 m×14 m进行土壤采样,共采土样15个,对标定方程进行了验证试验.结果表明,土壤pH值标定结果和准确值的相对误差小于1%,土壤电导率相对误差小于14%;土壤pH值标定结果和准确值线性回归模型检验显著性概率为0.047 8,决定系数为0.897 8;土壤电导率标定结果和准确值线性回归模型检验显著性概率为0.000 4,决定系数为0.971 6,所建立的pH值和电导率标定方程都是可靠的. 相似文献
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首先,介绍了压力和温度对轮胎的影响,设计了胎压和温度检测方案;然后,从硬件和软件实现了基于ARM的农用拖拉机轮胎胎压与温度监测系统。实验结果表明:测试过程中对4个轮胎的压力、温度和电压进行采集,其结果符合实际测量值,证明了系统的可行性和可靠性。 相似文献
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《农业机械学报》2019,(Z1)
土壤电导率与土壤机械阻力是测定土壤理化特性的基础。为了在复杂农田环境中实时、快速检测这两种参数,开发了一种以圆盘犁和深松犁钩作为测量传感器电极的车载式土壤电导率与土壤机械阻力同步实时测量系统,测量原理分别依据电流-电压四端法与应变片电桥法。在室内土槽中对车载式同步实时测量系统进行仿真实验,电导率测量值与实际值R~2为0. 926 8,机械阻力测量值与实际值绝对误差为0. 2～2. 7 N,系统稳定性实验结果的电压标准差为:电导率0. 059 764 mV,3组应变片电桥依次为0. 230 42、0. 102 203、0. 109 624 mV,压力传感器0. 172 511 mV,说明该系统有较高的精确度、稳定性以及可行性。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献