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为了观察中药使君子提取物体外抗蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫(简称贾第虫)的作用效果，试验分别采用乙醇和去离子水对使君子进行提取，得到使君子醇提物和使君子水提物，设置使君子醇提物组、使君子水提物组、甲硝唑对照组(3组各分别设置0.312 5,0.625,1.25,2.5,5 mg/mL5个药物浓度)及空白对照组(TYI-S-33培养基),分别在37℃厌氧培养滋养体浓度为8.0×105～4.2×106个/mL的贾第虫24 h,收集贴壁虫体，计算半数抑制浓度(IC50);用IC50的使君子醇提物、使君子水提物和甲硝唑分别作用于贾第虫，依次培养0,2,4,6,8,12,24 h,同时设空白对照，计算出药物达IC50的最短作用时间；对作用时间分别为6 h和12 h的使君子醇提物组和空白对照组进行倒置光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜下观察，分析使君子醇提物对贾第虫滋养体超微形态结构的影响。结果表明：三种药液对贾第虫均有一定的抑制作用。使君子醇提物、使君子水提物和甲硝唑的IC50分别为... 相似文献
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《畜牧与兽医》2017,(4):91-94
为了观察蛇床子素体外抑制鸽毛滴虫的效果及其对形态学的影响,试验分为4组,蛇床子素浓度分别为0(空白)、1、3、5 mg/m L,分别在培养2、4、6、8、12、24 h从各组取样,于光学及电子显微镜下观察鸽毛滴虫的形态学变化,记录死亡情况。结果显示:随着蛇床子素浓度的增加,鸽毛滴虫的死亡率随之升高,死亡时间随之缩短。5 mg/m L组的效果最佳,用药12 h即可杀灭全部的毛滴虫;浓度为1 mg/m L的药物组至24 h仍未全部死亡;浓度为3 mg/m L的药物组至24 h全部死亡。扫描电镜观察显示,药物作用初始阶段鸽毛滴虫由梨形逐步变圆,形态完整;不久虫体边缘模糊,表面出现皱褶,局部有凹陷;接着凹陷面积扩大,内部出现空洞,虫体形状变得不规则,最后虫体崩解成碎片。结果表明蛇床子素具有明显抗鸽毛滴虫的效果。 相似文献
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《养禽与禽病防治》2017,(6)
为了观察蛇床子素对体外培养抑制鸽毛滴虫的效果及其对形态学的影响,试验分为4组,蛇床子素浓度分别为0(空白)、1、3、5mg/m L,分别从培养2、4、6、8、12、24h各组取样,于光学及电子显微镜下观察鸽毛滴虫的形态学变化,记录死亡情况。结果显示:随着蛇床子素浓度的增加,鸽毛滴虫的死亡率随之升高,死亡时间随之缩短,5mg/m L组的效果最佳,用药12h即可杀灭全部的毛滴虫,浓度为1mg/m L的药物组至24h仍未全部死亡,浓度为3mg/m L的药物组至24h全部死亡。扫描电镜观察显示,药物作用初始阶段鸽毛滴虫由梨形逐步变圆,形态完整;不久虫体边缘模糊,表面出现皱褶,局部有凹陷;接着凹陷面积扩大,内部出现空洞,虫体形状变得不规则,最后虫体崩解成碎片。结果表明蛇床子素具有明显的抗鸽毛滴虫的效果,值得进一步研究。 相似文献
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研究硫酸酯化酵母β-葡聚糖对H1N1猪流感病毒的体外抑制作用及对神经氨酸酶活性的影响。采用细胞感染模型,应用MTT法检测药物对MDCK细胞的半数毒性浓度(TC50)、半数抑制浓度(IC50)及治疗指数(TI),并结合神经氨酸酶抑制试验检测药物对其活性的影响。结果表明,硫酸酯化酵母β-葡聚糖对MDCK细胞最大无毒浓度为5.34 mg/m L,其半数抑制浓度(IC50)为0.58 mg/m L,治疗指数(TI)为18.0;当药物浓度≥1.25 mg/m L时,能明显降低H1N1猪流感病毒神经氨酸酶的活性。提示硫酸酯化酵母β-葡聚糖有确定的体外抑制H1N1猪流感病毒的作用,并能影响病毒神经氨酸酶的活性。 相似文献
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为探讨葛根对奶牛脂肪肝细胞的作用机制,采用胶原酶二步灌流法分离病牛的肝细胞,并观察细胞形态。用不同浓度的葛根水提物处理肝细胞,生化法检测细胞上清液中丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）活性,并测定细胞裂解液中甘油三酯（TG）、胆固醇（TC）、丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性及含量。结果显示,50、100、500 μg/mL葛根水提物能极显著降低肝细胞中ALT、AST、TG、TC、MDA活性及含量,增加SOD活性（P < 0.01）。葛根水提物能显著改善肝细胞的相关生化指标,其机制可能与调节脂质代谢、抗脂质过氧化作用相关。 相似文献
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芪蓝抗毒饮及其主要成分在鸡胚成纤维细胞上最大安全浓度的测定 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采用组织细胞培养的方法,测试了新兽药"芪蓝抗毒饮"及其主要成分在鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)体外培养中的最大安全浓度。结果显示:芪蓝抗毒饮原药、总多糖和总萜类化合物在高浓度(分别大于1 000μg/mL、1 000μg/mL和5 000μg/mL)时,对CEF细胞表现出毒性,在中、低浓度(分别为250~7.81μg/mL、250~31.25μg/mL和125μg/mL)时对CEF细胞具有促增殖作用。其中芪蓝抗毒饮原药和总多糖的毒性较低,其安全浓度都为1 000μg/mL;总萜类化合物毒性较高,其最大安全浓度为500μg/mL。采用细胞破坏率评价时,药物的最高无毒剂量一般比上述最大安全浓度低1个稀释度。 相似文献
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评价峨眉千里光毒性作用,采用机率单位法（Bliss法）和固定剂量蓄积系数法考察了峨眉千里光叶和全草水提物对小鼠经口急性毒性及蓄积毒性。急性毒性结果显示,不同剂量的峨眉千里光叶和全草水提物均能导致小鼠发生中毒和死亡,引起小鼠肺和肝脏损伤;叶水提物LD50为62.28 g/kg,95%可信限为52.68-73.65 g/kg;全草水提物LD50为81.65 g/kg,95%可信限为70.15-94.53 g/kg。蓄积毒性结果显示,峨眉千里光叶和全草的蓄积系数K〉5。结果表明,峨眉千里光叶和全草水提物对小鼠有急性毒性作用,叶的毒性比全草强,肺和肝脏为毒性靶器官;两种水提物均有轻度蓄积毒性。 相似文献
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葎草提取物对朱砂叶螨生物活性的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在28℃、60%～80%RH、16L∶8D的实验条件下研究了葎草乙醇和水提取物对朱砂叶螨的生物活性。结果表明,葎草乙醇提取物对朱砂叶螨有较强的触杀作用,80g/L浓度的提取物平均死亡率高达91.11%,80g/L浓度的水提物下平均死亡率51.11%;乙醇提取物对朱砂叶螨有较强的驱避作用,在浓度为10g/L的醇提物下驱避率达60%,醇提效果优于水提;乙醇提取物对朱砂叶螨成螨产卵量有较强的抑制作用,在浓度为10g/L的醇提物和水提物下,减少率分别为62.39%与47.93%。研究结果有助于朱砂叶螨的综合治理。 相似文献
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为了制备兔抗鸽IgG抗体-HRP,建立斑点酶联免疫吸附试验定性检测鸽毛滴虫抗原的检测方法,将纯化的鸽IgG加入佐剂免疫兔子,获取纯化的兔抗鸽IgG抗体;采用简易过碘酸钠法标记兔抗鸽IgG,获取兔抗鸽IgG抗体-HRP;同时将鸽毛滴虫用超声波粉碎加入佐剂后多次免疫健康鸽获取鸽抗鸽毛滴虫高免血清(一抗);然后在2×106个/mL的鸽毛滴虫抗原量下,用不同浓度的一抗抗体、兔抗鸽IgG抗体-HRP进行试验;并对70个临床样品进行检测。结果显示,在2×106个/mL的鸽毛滴虫抗原量下,一抗与兔抗鸽IgG-HRP最佳工作浓度分别为1∶100和1∶500;70个样品中,48个镜检为阳性的样品用Dot-ELISA检测有44个呈阳性,阳性符合率为91.7%;22个镜检为阴性的样品用Dot-ELISA检测有12个呈阴性,阴性符合率为54.5%;Dot-ELISA检测与镜检结果的总符合率为80%。结果表明,本试验成功地建立了鸽毛滴虫感染的Dot-ELISA检测方法。 相似文献
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Objective To estimate the prevalence of infection with Trichomonas gallinae and other parasites of the alimentary tract in psittacine and columbid birds in Perth and to determine in vitro the effectiveness of drugs commonly recommended for treating trichomoniasis.
Design and procedures Samples of crop contents were collected from aviary flocks of budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) and other psittacine and columbid birds in both private and commercial collections in Perth. Similar samples from wild Senegal doves (Streptopelia senegalensis) also were collected. Crop contents were examined and cultured for Trichomonas gallinae and in vitro studies were conducted on the susceptibility of isolates to several drugs used commonly. Other parasites also were detected by faecal examination and/or necropsy.
Results T gallinae was recovered from birds in 1 of 13 private collections of budgerigars (2/289 birds in total). Direct wetmount examination of crop fluid identified 36.4% of samples at four commercial bird dealers which were later determined by culture to contain T gallinae . The prevalence of T gallinae infection ranged from 0 to 11.4% in budgerigars. The prevalence of T gallinae infection in wild Senegal doves was 46% and from one flock of racing pigeons was 59%. The in vitro minimum lethal concentrations of metronidazole, dimetridazole and ronidazole ranged from 40 to 96, 30 to 80 and 40 to 92 μg/mL respectively for six isolates of T gallinae . Other alimentary parasites detected during the survey included Spironucleus sp (syn Hexamita sp), coccidia, Ascaridia platycerci and Raillietina sp.
Conclusions Thirteen budgerigar flocks belonging to members of avicultural societies in Perth had a low prevalence of trichomoniasis and other parasitic infections. The dose rate currently recommended for ronidazole may not result in complete protozoacidal activity against T gallinae infection. 相似文献
Design and procedures Samples of crop contents were collected from aviary flocks of budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) and other psittacine and columbid birds in both private and commercial collections in Perth. Similar samples from wild Senegal doves (Streptopelia senegalensis) also were collected. Crop contents were examined and cultured for Trichomonas gallinae and in vitro studies were conducted on the susceptibility of isolates to several drugs used commonly. Other parasites also were detected by faecal examination and/or necropsy.
Results T gallinae was recovered from birds in 1 of 13 private collections of budgerigars (2/289 birds in total). Direct wetmount examination of crop fluid identified 36.4% of samples at four commercial bird dealers which were later determined by culture to contain T gallinae . The prevalence of T gallinae infection ranged from 0 to 11.4% in budgerigars. The prevalence of T gallinae infection in wild Senegal doves was 46% and from one flock of racing pigeons was 59%. The in vitro minimum lethal concentrations of metronidazole, dimetridazole and ronidazole ranged from 40 to 96, 30 to 80 and 40 to 92 μg/mL respectively for six isolates of T gallinae . Other alimentary parasites detected during the survey included Spironucleus sp (syn Hexamita sp), coccidia, Ascaridia platycerci and Raillietina sp.
Conclusions Thirteen budgerigar flocks belonging to members of avicultural societies in Perth had a low prevalence of trichomoniasis and other parasitic infections. The dose rate currently recommended for ronidazole may not result in complete protozoacidal activity against T gallinae infection. 相似文献
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鸡皮刺螨是家禽养殖业中危害最严重的体外寄生虫之一。为了控制禽舍中鸡皮刺螨的种群繁殖,目前最常用的方法是化学药物喷洒。但是,随着健康饮食观念的深入人心,人们越来越关注鸡蛋和鸡肉的农药残留问题。因此,需要探索化学农药的替代品,包括疫苗、生物防治、物理防治以及生态友好型的化学信息物质。本文综述了生态友好型的化学信息物质,主要包括聚集信息素、性信息素、报警信息素、利他素以及植物类化合物,在鸡皮刺螨防治方面的作用、应用及研究现状,为防治鸡皮刺螨寻找绿色无污染的方法提供理论基础。 相似文献
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利用体外培养的禽毛滴虫对8种市面上常用药物进行了体外抗禽毛滴虫药敏试验.在发育繁殖稳定的禽毛滴虫的培养管中,分别加入不同种类及其不同浓度的受试药物,37℃作用2和6 h后,计算各管活虫数;并与不加药物的培养管中的活虫数比较,计算活虫率,以此为指标评价不同药物的杀虫效果.结果表明,二甲硝唑、替硝唑具有显著的杀毛滴虫作用,制霉菌素、环丙沙星、复方磺胺甲（口恶）唑仅有部分抑制作用而不能将滴虫完全杀灭,泰乐菌素、复方甘草、盐酸小檗碱杀虫作用不明显.试验结果为临床选用抗禽毛滴虫药物提供了依据. 相似文献
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The effect of neem oil (azadirachtin), originating from the tree Azadirachta indica, was investigated as a potential compound to control the poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae. In vitro tests were performed to determine the most appropriate formulation of neem extracts and concentration of the substance to be used. Cardboard traps containing 20% neem oil were placed at the mites’ aggregation sites, out of reach of the hens, in a floor system for layers containing approximately 2400 birds. Treated traps were replaced every week for 4 weeks. Throughout the study, the parasite population was monitored by collections of mites with untreated plastic traps. A 92% reduction of D. gallinae was recorded. 相似文献
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鸽毛滴虫病的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
鸽毛滴虫病是由鸽毛滴虫引起的一种侵害消化道上段的原虫病,其特征是在口腔、食道、嗉囊、前胃出现坏死性溃疡,常常造成上消化道和呼吸道阻塞,妨碍进食及正常呼吸进而引起饥饿造成宿主死亡。世界各地均有鸽的病例报道,毛滴虫首先感染上消化道,引起其溃疡,然后从溃疡处进入循环系统,引起肝脏等器官的病变,可以通过直接涂片镜检、人工培养检查等病原的诊断方法对该病进行确认。鸽毛滴虫对硝唑类药物敏感,但极易产生抗药性。目前对鸽毛滴虫分子生物学方面的研究不多,充分利用现代分子生物学技术开展鸽毛滴虫的生理、生化,特别是安全有效的分子疫苗是今后的一个重要研究方向。 相似文献
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1. This study was designed to evaluate the antitrichomonal effects of P. harmala alkaloid extract against T. gallinae, both in vitro and in vivo, as well as comparing it to that of metronidazole, conventional antitrichomonal medication and harmine and harmaline, the two alkaloids present in P. harmala.
2. T. gallinae were collected by the wet mount method from infected free-living pigeons. The in vitro assay was performed using multi-well plates containing test compounds in final concentrations of 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 50 or 100 μg/ml. The in vivo assay was done on 60 experimentally infected pigeons dosed with metronidazole at 50 mg/kg body weight (BW) or alkaloids at 25 mg/kg BW.
3. The 24 h minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of alkaloid extract was 15 µg/ml while that of metronidazole was 50 µg/ml. Harmine and harmaline revealed 24 h MIC of 30 and 100 µg/ml, respectively. Treatment of infected pigeons with alkaloids led to a full recovery after 3 d but with metronidazole total eradication of trophozoites was not achieved.
4. In conclusion, data of the present study suggested P. harmala is a potent natural anti-trichomonal agent, effective against T. gallinae. 相似文献
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【目的】 研究种鸽感染毛滴虫对乳鸽的危害,为鸽场毛滴虫病的防治提供参考。【方法】 分别选择18对未感染和18对感染毛滴虫的种鸽为对照组和试验组,每对种鸽哺育2只乳鸽,试验期28 d,统计乳鸽的死亡率、生长性能和胴体性能,以及免疫器官指数和抗体水平等生化指标。【结果】 试验组乳鸽的口腔毛滴虫数量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且虫株数量随乳鸽日龄增长而增长;试验组乳鸽死亡率为26.92%,显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验组乳鸽1~7日龄的平均日增重显著低于对照组(P<0.05),但出栏重和胴体性能无显著差异(P>0.05);毛滴虫可造成口腔黏膜、胸腺、肝脏和脾脏等组织出现明显病理损伤,血液中白蛋白(ALB)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性显著升高(P<0.05),可溶性抗原CD8(sCD8)水平显著降低(P<0.05)。【结论】 综上,种鸽感染毛滴虫后可通过哺喂鸽乳的过程导致乳鸽感染,引起乳鸽肝脏和脾脏等组织出现明显病理损伤,免疫功能下降,死亡率升高。 相似文献