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1.
《中国兽医学报》2014,(6):889-893
从2012年山东省发病商品鸡群中分离鉴定了9株鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV),并对其S1基因进行了序列测定和分析。遗传进化分析发现,9个IBV流行株和国内外参考毒株可分成4个基因型。其中8个IBV流行株属于以QX为代表的基因I型,而SDIB781/2012与其他8个流行株遗传距离较远,属于基因IV型。为明确现有弱毒活疫苗对IBV流行株的免疫保护效力,分别用491、2886、MA5和H120弱毒疫苗免疫3日龄SPF鸡,14d后用流行株SDIB821/2012进行攻毒。根据攻毒后试验鸡发病死亡情况,491免疫组保护率为90%;与对照组相比,2886、MA5和H120免疫组几乎没有保护效力。但是攻毒后3、5和7d各免疫组和对照组试验鸡气管、肺和肾脏组织病毒检出率没有明显差异,表明4种IB疫苗均不能有效抵抗病毒在试验鸡气管、肺脏和肾脏组织内复制。  相似文献   

2.
为了解QX基因型鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(QX-IBV)致弱的分子机制,本研究对SDZB0808分离株在鸡胚中连续传100代的子代病毒P100进行了致病性试验和全基因组测序分析。致病性试验结果显示P100对3日龄SPF鸡无明显致病性,而亲本株SDZB0808对3日龄SPF鸡致死率为40%。序列比对结果显示,以亲本株SDZB0808为参考株,P100基因组发生3个有义突变,导致ORF 1a编码的蛋白(I3 047L)、S蛋白(N76Y)、E蛋白(L29I)发生了氨基酸替换;此外,P100在第3 244 nt~3 273 nt位点连续性缺失30个核苷酸,导致ORF 1a编码的蛋白在906~915位缺失10个氨基酸。本研究结果表明QX-IBV分离株SDZB0808毒力致弱可能与其基因组序列突变和缺失有关。  相似文献   

3.
针对IBV地方分离株SF株弱化毒进行鉴定,经特异性试验证实,SF株致弱毒能完全被本毒制备的血清所中和;血清交叉中和试验证明,SF株毒与Ark99株有高度的交叉保护;采用E1、E5代弱化毒接种SPF10日龄鸡胚,测定毒价EID50分别为10-6.88/0.1ml,10-6.68/0.1ml;同居感染试验未观察到健康鸡组织器官病变;连传SPF易感雏鸡5代无毒力返强;攻毒保护试验证实3000个EID50以上的免疫量使免疫雏鸡能耐受强毒攻击,达到完全保护;理化试验表明,该毒株对热、碱的耐受性较差,对乙醚、氯仿有机溶剂较为敏感,对酸有一定的耐受性;试验数据说明,SF株IBV已被成功弱化,抗原性好,毒力稳定、对雏鸡安全,不会产生毒力返强,并能产生较强的免疫力,是一株理想的弱毒苗株.  相似文献   

4.
将表达鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)S1基因的重组鸡痘病毒(rFPV-IBVS1)以5×106PFU剂量翅皮下注射接种4周龄的SPF鸡。血清抗体检测表明,该重组鸡痘病毒能刺激鸡体产生特异性抗体,外周血液中CD4 、TCRγδ T淋巴细胞比例显著高于对照组,而CD8 T淋巴细胞比例低于对照组。免疫后4周用1×103.0EID50的传染性支气管炎病毒LX4株进行攻毒,结果表明,重组鸡痘病毒免疫组与IB弱毒疫苗免疫保护率分别为12/16和13/16;攻毒后喉拭子IBV分离结果表明,IB弱毒疫苗和重组鸡痘病毒免疫组的IBV气管排毒时间比对照组缩短了2 d,病毒的分离率显著低于对照组;肾脏、气管、肺脏、腺胃、脾和肝脏的病理损伤也较对照组轻,而且病变持续时间缩短。  相似文献   

5.
为确定禽脑脊髓炎(AE)、鸡痘(AP)二联活疫苗的安全性、最小免疫剂量及免疫效力,自制3批二联活疫苗进行研究。结果显示,鸡接种10倍剂量疫苗后精神、食欲及发育均正常,临床表现和剖检均无异常;AEV YBF02株的最小免疫剂量为100 EID50,鸡痘鹌鹑化弱毒株的最小免疫剂量为10 EID50;3批疫苗AEV YBF02株的病毒含量均≥103.2EID50/羽份,鸡痘鹌鹑化弱毒株的病毒含量均≥103.4EID50/羽份,攻毒后保护指数为89~100。试验表明,自制二联活疫苗安全、有效、质量可控,可用于预防禽脑脊髓炎和鸡痘。  相似文献   

6.
为科学指导鸡新城疫基因Ⅶ型灭活标记疫苗（MG7株）的临床免疫剂量,通过测定免疫鸡HI抗体滴度和攻毒保护试验,进行了10日龄和30日龄SPF鸡最小有效免疫剂量的研究。动物实验使用10 μL、20 μL和40 μL三种不同免疫剂量,免疫疫苗后21 d检测HI抗体效价,10日龄SPF鸡001批次疫苗HI抗体平均效价依次为：4.8、6.2和6.5,攻毒保护率依次为80%、100%和100%,30日龄SPF鸡HI抗体平均效价依次为：5.0、6.3和6.5,攻毒保护率依次为70%、100%和100%,结果表明,新城疫灭活标记疫苗（MG7株）HI 抗体效价和保护效力呈正相关, 免疫剂量与HI 抗体效价和保护效力也呈正相关。用NDV基因Ⅶ型强毒G7株进行攻毒保护试验,两种日龄鸡在20 μL的免疫剂量下,疫苗仍能达到良好的免疫保护效果。  相似文献   

7.
从黑龙江省某鸡场发病鸡群的肾脏中分离到一株病毒,通过病毒致SPF鸡胚病变特征、对鸡外周血红细胞凝集特性、病毒粒子形态学特征以及RT-PCR鉴定等方面的研究,表明该病毒为鸡传染性支气管炎病毒,并命名为CK/CH/LHLJ/04V。通过对该病毒基因型分析以及对SPF鸡致病性试验发现该病毒为我国近年来流行的一类重要IBV的代表。将该毒株在SPF鸡胚连续传代110代(P110),取不同代次毒进行动物实验。结果显示,该毒株对SPF雏鸡的致病力随鸡胚传代次数的增加而逐渐降低。P110代毒以105.0 EID50/0.1 mL的剂量通过点眼滴鼻接种15日龄SPF雏鸡,鸡群发病率和死亡率均为0。不同代次毒接种SPF鸡对同源毒株P3代强毒的攻击均具有100%保护性。实验表明,IBV毒株CK/CH/LHLJ/04V P110对SPF雏鸡已无致病性,但仍具有良好的免疫原性,可作为研制IB弱毒疫苗的候选毒株。  相似文献   

8.
本试验对人工致弱IBV肾型地方分离株(SF株)与相应进口弱毒疫苗和国产弱毒疫苗进行了免疫效力比较试验。结果表明SF株免疫后产生抗体的时间和抗体效价高低与其他疫苗相当甚至略高,对攻毒鸡的保护率均为100%。剖检实验鸡,采集肾脏样本做肾脏组织切片,观察发现接种致弱的SF株疫苗后,引起的肾脏组织病理变化比选用的2种国产疫苗病理变化轻微,而与进口疫苗引起的病理变化程度相当,属可逆性病变。  相似文献   

9.
将IBV-D971株病毒在SPF鸡胚上连续传至120代,培育出了一株毒力明显减弱,并且具有良好免疫原性的腺胃病变型鸡传染性支气管炎病毒弱毒株(IBV-D971株).IBV-D971 F105代毒力明显下降,以109.25EID50接种1日龄SPF鸡5/5无不良反应.IBV-D971 F105代毒连续通过1日龄SPF鸡体5代,未见毒力返强.以103EID50免疫1日龄SPF鸡,攻毒后5/5保护,对照5/5发病.  相似文献   

10.
为研究鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)M41标准毒株在鸡胚上的最佳生产工艺,试验用IBV M41株分别以不同剂量接种同一胚龄不同鸡胚、不同胚龄普通鸡胚,以及IBV M41株接种普通鸡胚后不同培养时间收获鸡胚尿囊液,比较不同培养条件下制备病毒液的产量及病毒效价。结果显示:IBV M41株接种无传染性支气管炎病毒母源抗体的SPF鸡胚最佳病毒接种剂量为104.5EID50,接种含有IBV母源抗体的普通鸡胚最佳病毒接种剂量为105.1EID50,最佳接种胚龄为11日胚龄,最佳收毒时间为48 h。按照此工艺制备疫苗,免疫SPF鸡,IBV抗体效价均符合规程标准。研究结果为用鸡胚高效、大量生产IBV M41株病毒抗原进而生产合格的IB疫苗提供了数据支持。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

17.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

18.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

19.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

20.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

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