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1.
利用在缸内加装电热塞的ZS1115单缸柴油,实现纯甲醇(M100)燃料的扩散燃烧,利用柴油机热效率高的优点,提高甲醇燃料的能量转换效率。通过改变供油提前角,研究不同供油提前角对甲醇发动机性能及排放的影响,并与原单缸柴油机燃用0#柴油进行对比。试验结果表明:供油提前角对甲醇发动机动力性、经济性及排放均有影响。与原机燃用0#柴油相比,燃油消耗率上升,使用成本降低;HC排放量升高,CO和NOX排放量降低。供油提前角提前4°CA时CO排放最少,最低平均减少23.89%;供油提前角退后2°CA时NOX排放最少,最低平均减少94.74%。 相似文献
2.
进行了混合油（由植物油，汽油，水，活性剂组成）在BJC－I－4型发动机上应用的试验研究，测定了发动机的转速，扭矩，点火提前角，燃料消耗量及排气温度，CO与HC排放等参数，试验结果表明，燃用混合油时发动机怠速排放明显低于燃烧汽油时的CO及HC排放,分别下降94．6％和41．1％，在发动机中等负荷运转时燃用混合油油耗上升，最大功率下降，经过点火时间调整后燃用混合油发动机外特性曲线比油耗低于汽油，节油效果明显，平均达到9．414％，但功率比燃烧汽油的平均下降8．149％。 相似文献
3.
小型汽油机燃用沼气性能优化措施试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
介绍沼气成分、燃烧特性,分析各组成成分对燃用沼气的汽油机性能的影响,讨论采用的净化技术,提出汽油机燃用沼气性能优化的技术措施。通过对改装的沼气发动机性能和原机对比试验研究,证明在提高压缩比,增大进气量,采用蓄电池点火装置及增大点火提前角等技术措施下,汽油机燃用沼气启动容易,动力性接近原机指标。 相似文献
4.
通过实验方法研究喷油压力与供油提前角对燃用乙醇柴油混合燃料的发动机性能的影响规律。研究结果表明喷油压力增大,功率升高,油耗增加,烟度显著降低,NOx排放变化不大,HC,CO的排放会增加;转速升高,喷油压力对HC,CO排放的影响减弱;随着供油提前角增大,功率基本不变,油耗先增加后降低,NOx排放升高,烟度降低,HC与CO的排放呈先增大再降低的趋势。 相似文献
5.
单燃料LPG电喷内燃机的试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
介绍了单燃料LPG电控喷射闭环系统在火花点火式高速汽油机上的应用研究。通过优化内燃机压缩比,调整点火提前角,改善了LPG电喷内燃机的燃烧特性和排放特性。试验结果表明,电控喷射LPG燃气内燃机外特性功率、转矩的最大下降较原汽油机分别小于3%和3.2%;在常用部分负荷工况,内燃机CO排放小于1%,HC排放小于150×10-6,而NOx排放也得到控制。 相似文献
6.
乙醇/汽油的理化特性及其对电控汽油机性能的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在发动机试验台架上,考察了燃用乙醇作为增氧剂的不同掺混比乙醇/汽油混合燃料时,电控汽油机动力性和经济性的变化。试验结果表明,添加乙醇的90号无铅汽油研究法辛烷值增加,Reid蒸气压有所升高,但仍符合国家标准。燃用乙醇/汽油混合燃料时,汽油机功率有所下降,发动机比油耗有所上升,而比能耗在大部分试验工况下较纯汽油的略高或基本相同,但在高转速、大负荷情况下,燃用体积分数为7.4%、9.8%的混合燃料时,比能耗却低于纯汽油。 相似文献
7.
建立了492汽油机模型,在此基础上更换燃料,对甲醇裂解气发动机性能作出预测,分析了压缩比与点火提前角对其影响。最后,用ISIGHT软件对配气相位进行了优化。 相似文献
8.
陈燕 《拖拉机与农用运输车》2006,33(2):17-19
进行了汽油/玉米秸杆油混合燃料对汽油机动力性、燃料经济性和排放性能的应用研究,测量了燃用混合燃料前后内燃机的转矩、功率、有效燃料消耗率。试验结果表明:燃用混合油时内燃机的最大转矩、功率等动力性指标有一定程度的下降,CO及CH排放污染明显减少。 相似文献
9.
宫唤春 《拖拉机与农用运输车》2023,(1):32-34
甲醇燃料理化性质优于汽油燃料，因此研发甲醇燃料发动机进一步改善发动机的综合性能已成为发动机行业的热门研究方向。根据甲醇燃料的理化性质对某电控喷射式汽油机进行改装，并对改装后的甲醇发动机进行性能实验分析。实验结果表明：改装后的甲醇发动机动力性与原汽油机性能相当，燃油经济性比汽油机低8%以上，排放性能改善30%以上，具有很强的应用价值。 相似文献
10.
为探究生物柴油对柴油机燃用F-T柴油燃烧过程和排放性能的影响,配制F-T柴油/生物柴油混合燃料(B10F-T、B20F-T、B30F-T),在柴油机上进行试验。结果表明：随着生物柴油掺混比增大,缸内最大爆发压力逐渐增加。与F-T柴油相比,生物柴油掺混比分别为10%、20%、30%时,缸内最大爆发压力分别增加1.9%、5.1%、6.9%,对应的时刻轻微滞后,且放热始点后移,放热率峰值增大。生物柴油掺混比由0增加到30%,燃烧过程滞燃期延长1 ℃A,燃烧始点后移,燃烧持续期略微升高,由35.4 ℃A增加到36.1 ℃A,燃烧重心由4.8 ℃A后移到5.9 ℃A,缸内最大燃烧温度由1 872 K升高到1 951 K。在中高负荷时,碳烟排放随生物柴油掺混比增大而明显降低。在F-T柴油中掺混生物柴油可以有效地降低HC和CO排放,HC和CO排放随生物柴油掺混比增大几乎呈线性下降趋势。随着负荷继续增加,混合燃料的HC和CO排放均逐渐下降,在75%负荷时,与燃用F-T柴油相比,生物柴油掺混比分别为10%、20%、30%时,CO排放分别降低2.9%、7.8%、12.1%。在不同负荷工况下,随着生物柴油掺混比例的增加,NOX排放均呈上升的趋势,且在高负荷工况下NOX排放上升更加明显。 相似文献
11.
Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
12.
瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
13.
对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
14.
对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
15.
About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
16.
在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
17.
Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
18.
在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
19.
20.
车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献