共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
不同温度下外施6-BA和ABA对棉花(Gossypium hirsutum L.)产量和纤维品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以棉纤维比强度高的科棉1号、比强度中等的美棉33B 2个品种为材料,于2006-2007年在江苏南京设置大田分期播种试验,使棉铃发育处于不同温度条件,于棉株7～9果枝第1、2果节棉铃开花时喷施6-苄基腺嘌呤(6BA)和脱落酸(ABA),研究不同的铃期日均最低气温条件下6-BA和ABA对棉花产量和纤维品质的影响。结果表明:由晚播造成的低温降低了棉花产量及纤维品质。外施6-BA、ABA对棉株中部果枝铃铃重和纤维品质影响最大。正常播期下,外施6-BA可增加中部果枝棉铃铃重,外施ABA降低铃重,但二者对其纤维品质影响较小;迟播时,外施6-BA可提高中部果枝棉铃铃重,ABA处理的作用则相反,二者均可提高纤维长度和比强度、优化麦克隆值。不同的温度条件下,外施6-BA均提高了单株铃数、单株平均铃重和皮棉产量,外施ABA则降低了棉花单株铃数和产量。外施6-BA和ABA对高强纤维品种产量和纤维品质的影响较中强纤维品种更为明显。低温下,在棉铃发育初期喷施6-BA对改善棉纤维品质的效果最好。 相似文献
2.
为了探明不同调亏程度对海岛棉产量及品质的影响,通过田间小区试验,以正常灌水量为对照,设置轻度调亏（正常灌水量的75%）、中度调亏（正常灌水量的50%）和重度调亏（正常灌水量的25%）,研究调亏灌溉对海岛棉不同部位优质成铃特性的调节效应。结果表明：轻度调亏对棉花产量品质无显著影响,而中度和重度调亏使皮棉产量分别下降了10.8%和25.4%,主要是单株铃数和单铃重显著下降。轻度和中度调亏对衣分影响较小,但重度调亏使衣分显著下降。轻度和重度调亏使纤维长度略有下降,中度调亏则纤维长度增加。纤维比强度和马克隆值随调亏程度增加呈增大趋势,但差异不显著。从不同结铃部位分析,轻度调亏使棉花中部铃重、纤维长度、比强度增大,上部铃重、纤维长度显著降低。而中度和重度调亏均使中部铃重、衣分显著下降,中度调亏使中部棉铃纤维比强度增加,而重度调亏可显著提高下部棉铃纤维比强度。轻度调亏使中部、中度调亏使下部、重度调亏使上部棉铃纤维马克隆值显著增大。 相似文献
3.
钾营养对高品质棉不同部位棉铃发育及内源激素影响的研究 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
研究了施钾量对高品质棉科棉3号不同部位棉铃发育及内源激素的影响。结果表明,钾肥能有效地促进棉铃体积增大、铃重提高,纤维长度变长和成熟度提高。增施钾肥能更有效的促进棉株上部棉铃发育,使上部铃体积、铃重、纤维长度和成熟度与中部差距缩小,但施钾也使麦克隆值增大,纤维增粗。氯化钾施用量在225和375 kg.hm-2时,上部铃体积比中部分别低6.75%和3.95%。而施钾量在225 kg.hm-2时,上部铃重比中部低4.50%,施钾量在375 kg.hm-2时,上部铃重反而比中部铃重高1.89%。生殖器官中钾的吸收能促进铃壳中IAA含量增加,纤维中ZR提高,铃壳中的IAA含量分别与棉铃体积、铃重呈极显著正相关(r=0.9647**,r=0.9145**),纤维中的ZR含量与纤维长度和成熟度分别呈显著和极显著正相关(r=0.8712*,r=0.9474**)。说明施用钾肥调节了棉铃内源激素系统,有利于诱导整株棉铃发育,提高铃重和整株纤维品质。 相似文献
4.
为了探究简化栽培措施对不同类型棉花品种产量和纤维品质性状的影响程度,以3种类型棉花品种为试验材料,在中等密度（5.2万株/hm2）条件下研究常规整枝和不整枝2种栽培方式对棉花产量及纤维品质性状的影响。结果表明整枝措施对不同类型棉花品种的铃重、籽指、衣分、纤维长度、马克隆值、整齐度指数、伸长率均没有显著影响,对纤维比强度影响显著(F=7.27);整枝和品种类型对棉花产量构成因素（铃重、籽指、衣分）和纤维品质性状均没有互作效应。在种植密度5.2万株/hm2时,整枝措施能提高棉花品种的纤维比强度,对棉花产量构成因素（铃重、籽指、衣分）无显著影响。 相似文献
5.
棉花脱叶催熟剂对纤维品质的影响及应用时间的确定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
TIAN Jing-Shan ZHANG Xu-Yi WANG Wen-Min YANG Yan-Long SUI Long-Long ZHANG Peng-Peng ZHANG Ya-Li ZHANG Wang-Feng GOU Ling 《作物学报》2020,46(9):1388-1397
棉花脱叶催熟技术是实现棉花机械采收的重要前提,确定脱叶催熟剂喷施时期及标准对实现良好的脱叶和催熟效果至关重要。本研究采用分期喷施脱叶催熟剂的方式,探讨了脱叶催熟剂对纤维品质的损伤程度,及与棉铃铃期之间的定量关系。结果表明,脱叶催熟剂对纤维长度的影响在品种间存在差异, 46%～69%的供试品种纤维长度较对照下降或持平,另有31%～54%的品种纤维长度反而较对照增加,所有品种纤维长度较对照平均仅降低0.2%～1.2%。纤维比强度受脱叶催熟剂的影响较为明显,其损伤量(处理与对照的差值)集中分布在-4～0 cN tex~(-1)之间。脱叶催熟剂对纤维比强度的损伤程度与喷施时间有关,铃龄30 d时喷施损伤大,铃龄37 d时喷施损伤减小,且有61%供试品种的比强度较对照平均增加了1.1cN/tex。脱叶催熟剂对纤维比强度的损伤量随棉铃铃期延长而加剧,因此可根据"脱叶催熟剂喷施时棉铃的铃龄与铃期的比值(Rd/b)"这一指标确定脱叶催熟剂的喷施时间。此外,棉铃铃期与棉铃体积、棉铃体积与纤维比强度均呈显著正相关关系。如要生产比强度31 cN tex-1的棉花纤维,所选品种的棉铃体积应31.8 cm3、棉铃铃期应60.0 d,且要在Rd/b0.68 (铃龄40.9 d)后喷施脱叶催熟剂(可控制纤维比强度损伤量小于0.5 cN tex~(-1))。 相似文献
6.
控释氮肥对不同部位棉铃素质及纤维品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：4，他引：2
设计100％树脂包膜尿素基施、50％普通尿素+50％树脂包膜尿素基施和棉花控释专用肥基施3种控释氮肥处理,以100％普通尿素为对照,研究等氮条件下,不同控释氮肥处理对棉花(鲁棉研28号)不同结铃部位棉铃素质及纤维品质的影响.结果表明,与普通氮肥处理相比,控释氮肥处理对棉株3～5果节和中上部果枝的棉铃素质及纤维品质影响显著,呈现出铃重增加、衣分降低的趋势,而对其他部位棉铃素质及纤维品质无显著影响.控释氮肥处理显著增大了纤维马克隆值,增加了纤维比强度,提高了纤维成熟度,但对纤维长度影响不显著.3个控施氮肥处理以100％树脂包膜尿素基施处理和棉花控释专用肥基施处理影响最显著. 相似文献
7.
8.
温光气象因子影响棉铃产量和纤维品质性状的相关效应研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
通过播期设置营造着果点棉铃差异性或相近性温光条件下完成棉铃发育过程,研究温度及光照两个气象因子对棉铃产量及纤维品质性状的影响。结果表明,不同温光条件各着果点棉铃的产量与品质性状差异达到极显著和显著水平,变异单铃纤维重>单铃子棉重>单铃生物量>衣分,比强度>伸长率>麦克隆值>纤维长度>整齐度;各着果点上不同开花期单铃纤维重极显著差异趋势一致,其它性状差异趋势不尽一致。依据温光气象因子与产量和品质性状的正相关,建立逐步回归分析动态模型分析铃期更具重要的影响因子,相对单铃总生物量6.0～7.0 g和单铃子棉重4.8～5.4 g的≥15℃有效积温范围为408.90～764.77℃和471.12～729.74℃,相对单铃纤维重1.8～2.3 g、麦克隆值3.5～4.9、纤维长度27～31 mm的平均日最低温度范围为15.46～26.33℃、13.1～23.6℃、15.9～26.6℃,相对纤维比强度值24.0～26.0 cN·tex-1的日均温为21.2～23.7℃,相对衣分40%～42%的有效太阳辐射总量范围为871.45～899.57 MJ·m-2 。据此可分别推理出江淮生态棉区目标性状棉铃的临界开花日。 相似文献
9.
【目的】以新型植物生长调节剂艾氟迪(AFD)为研究对象,探索其对棉花产量形成以及纤维品质的影响,为科学施用AFD提供依据。【方法】设6个不同AFD处理水平,分析不同处理对棉株株高、铃数、铃重、籽棉产量和纤维品质等的影响。【结果】棉株株高与AFD处理水平呈负相关关系;AFD在抑制棉铃脱落率和提高棉铃吐絮率方面效果明显;AFD在处理水平为1 350~1 800 m L·hm-2时,单株铃数和铃重较对照有显著提高,同时获得的籽棉产量较高;不同水平的AFD处理对棉纤维的断裂比强度、马克隆值、断裂伸长率没有显著影响,但高水平的AFD处理对纤维长度和长度整齐度指数有一定的抑制作用。【结论】适宜的AFD处理水平对棉花增产效果显著,且对纤维品质影响较小。探寻AFD对棉花的影响机制,对生产应用具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
10.
遮光对彩色棉的色泽及纤维品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对棕色棉和绿色棉不同发育时期棉铃的遮光处理,研究了遮光对彩色棉的纤维色泽和纤维品质的影响。结果表明,棕色棉和绿色棉在-5~55 DPA(开花后的天数)遮光后,其纤维还表现各自的纤维色泽,但其纤维色泽鲜艳度和稳定性在不同遮光时期有一定程度的差别。棕色棉在25DPA以前遮光的纤维颜色比对照变淡;绿色棉在不同生育期遮光后颜色比对照深。遮光对彩色棉和白色棉纤维品质的若干指标有一定的影响,在5~15DPA遮光的纤维都比不遮光的对照粗,在30DPA遮光的纤维长度和强度都较好,35DPA以后遮光的纤维长度和强度随遮光时间的延长越来越差,在45~50DPA套袋遮光后的纤维长度、强度和整齐度都比不遮光的要低得多。 相似文献
11.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
12.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
13.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
14.
Richard N. Lester 《Euphytica》1989,44(1-2):125-132
Summary An hypothesis is developed that the rapid change from wild plants into domesticated crops principally involves the selection of alleles with non-functional gene products which leads to reduced control of the highly integrated metabolism and morphogenesis previously accumulated by lengthy natural selection. Such disturbance of the genome produces altered physiological and morphological development which, although deleterious in nature, serves mankind better and has been selected. 相似文献
15.
B. Julier P. Guy C. Castillo-Acuna G. Caubel C. Ecalle M. Esquibet V. Furstoss C. Huyghe C. Lavaud A. Porcheron P. Pracros G. Raynal 《Euphytica》1996,91(2):241-250
Summary Twenty-five lucerne populations of the Medicago sativa complex, which were either diploid or tetraploid and wild or cultivated, were analysed for their resistance to four different fungal diseases and to stem nematode. Forage quality, including stem digestibility and saponin content, was also tested.Populations varied in susceptibility to the diseases caused by Colletotrichum trifolii, Verticillium albo-atrum, Sclerotinia trifoliorum and Pseudopezizza medicaginis, and to the nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci. Except for Sclerotinia rot, sativa and falcata subspecies differed in susceptibility, but this grouping of populations did not account for the full range of variation among them. However, the resistance to P. medicaginis was much lower in the sativa than in the falcata populations.Populations also varied significantly in stem fiber content and digestibility. Stem digestibility was negatively correlated to forage yield. Wild sativa and falcata populations had lower fiber content and higher digestibility than cultivated sativa populations. The medicagenic acid was the sapogenin responsible for the anti-nutritional effect of the lucerne measured by the yellow mealworm larvae Tenebrio molitor. The medicagenic acid content was lowest for the pure sativa populations, highest for the pure falcata populations, and intermediate for the French sativa varieties that have some traits originating from falcata germplasm. Some populations could be used in breeding programs to improve disease and nematode resistance, and forage quality. 相似文献
16.
In order to explore the pharmacological effects of active components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on the central nervous system,through consulting related literatures,... 相似文献
17.
[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Pb on rhizosphere soil enzyme activity and chemical constituents of Achyranthes bidentat... 相似文献
18.
不同P-Zn配比对小麦幼苗微量元素营养的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用了螯合-缓冲营养液培养方法对小麦进行了苗期培养试验,在3个P水平(0,0.6,3.0 mmol/L)和3个Zn水平(0,3,30 μmol/L)的完全组合下对小麦苗期生长及Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养进行了研究,旨在为小麦微肥施用提供理论依据.结果表明,P、Zn的正常供应促进了小麦生长,二者的缺乏与过量均会抑制小麦发育,且这种影响在冠部表现得更为明显.在小麦苗期,Zn与Cu的吸收存在明显的拮抗作用,但供Zn则促进了Zn和Cu的转运,而Mn转运则受到了抑制;过量供Zn时,大量Zn被转运到冠部,同时明显抑制了(Fe+Cu+Mn)的吸收总量;P的供应显著地抑制了Fe的吸收,但P的供应提高了Zn、Cu、Mn的转运率;P、Zn在对Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn间吸收竞争的影响中,Zn本身的影响要比P的影响更为明显,供Zn明显促进了小麦幼苗对Zn的吸收;在小麦幼苗冠部,Zn与Fe的竞争中,供P利于Zn的吸收,缺P则利于Fe的吸收;而Zn与Cu以及Zn与Mn间的竞争中,缺磷时利于Zn的吸收,供磷后则利于Cu和Mn的吸收.总之,小麦幼苗Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养中,P、Zn的不同配比会不同程度地改变Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn的协同或拮抗效应. 相似文献
19.
Summary
Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth. is a wild perennial species related to the cultivated soybean, G. max (L.) Merr. It is composed of diploid (2n=40) and tetraploid (2n=80) cytotypes. Currently, to differentiate the cytotypes, plants are grown out in the greenhouse and chromosome counts made on pollen mother cells. It is a laborious and time consuming process. The objective of this study was to determine whether electrophoretic techniques could be utilized to separate the cytotypes. Electrophoretic examination of seven isozyme systems from seed of 67 G. tabacina accessions revealed banding patterns that could be used to differentiate between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes in the species. Among the tetraploid accessions, the number of bands observed were always greater than the diploids. Some tetraploid banding patterns consisted of bands similar to the diploid tabacina and/or additional bands previously identified in other Glycine species. The patterns of isozyme multiplicity and variation in the tetraploid tabacinas suggests more than one mode of origin for the tetraploids. 相似文献
20.
Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献