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1.
The inoculation of eight five- to seven-month-old sheep by the respiratory route with a culture of Mycoplasma arginini, administered simultaneously with or two days before a culture of Pasteurella haemolytica A2, did not lead to the pulmonary establishment of either organism. Minor lung changes found at slaughter seven days later were therefore considered not to have been induced by the inocula. Two other groups of seven sheep each were initially inoculated intratracheally with an ampicillin-treated lung lesion homogenate in which only M ovipneumoniae was detectable. After seven days one group was inoculated intranasally and intratracheally with mixed cultures of M arginini and P haemolytica A2, and one with P haemolytica A2 alone. In the M arginini-treated group pyrexia peaked earlier and one animal died, but no macroscopic or microscopic differences were apparent between the two groups at necropsy 10 to 11 days later; six sheep from each group had lung lesions indistinguishable from ovine atypical pneumonia. M arginini was isolated in high titre from the respiratory tract of two animals in the M arginini-treated group, including the sole fatality. However, an adventitious parainfluenza type 3 virus infection, identified in four animals from the M arginini-treated group and one from the other, may have been responsible for the inter-group clinical differences. It was concluded that the strain of M arginini used was capable neither of predisposing the lung to secondary invasion by P haemolytica A2, nor of exacerbating the pneumonia and effects elicited with M ovipneumoniae and P haemolytica. 相似文献
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Eight of 10 typical cases of contagious caprine pleuro-pneumonia in Oman yielded strain F38-like mycoplasmas from the lungs in high titre, but no other mycoplasmas: both negative animals had been treated with tylosin shortly before death. Among 21 other lungs examined three of six cases of acute pneumonia yielded Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae; one also yielded M capricolum. M ovipneumoniae was also isolated from all eight cases of chronic pneumonia sampled from an abattoir, and from the lungs of three animals which died without overt signs of pneumonia. A single isolate of M arginini and three of unidentified mycoplasmas were also obtained from goats with and without pneumonia. Various bacterial species were isolated, none of which predominated. Antibodies to M mycoides subspecies capri (M m capri) and strain F38 were detected in sera from eight different sources. Assuming titres of 1 in 40 or more as positive in the indirect haemagglutination test used, 29 per cent of 422 serum samples had antibodies to M m capri alone, 2.6 per cent to strain F38 alone and 3.6 per cent to both organisms. These results confirm the presence of F38-like mycoplasmas in Oman, and indicate also widespread infection with M m capri. The role of the latter in caprine pneumonias in Oman requires elucidation. 相似文献
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Susceptibility of goats and calves after experimental inoculation or contact exposure to a Canadian strain of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides isolated from a goat. 
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下载免费PDF全文 S Rosendal 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1983,47(4):484-490
Transmissibility of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides infection from experimentally inoculated goats to other goats and calves was studied. Eight goats and six calves were housed in an 18 m2 room. Six of the goats were inoculated endobronchially with strain D44 isolated from a natural case of polyarthritis in Ontario. These six goats died within a week of Mycoplasma septicemia. The two contact goats or the six calves never showed signs of disease and M. mycoides subsp. mycoides was not recovered from these animals. The contact goats and four calves were killed 25 days after exposure. They were all seronegative, M. mycoides subsp. mycoides was not recovered at necropsy and none had pathomorphological changes attributable to this Mycoplasma. The two remaining calves were inoculated endobronchially with 10(9) CFU of strain D44 and observed for 20 days. They never showed signs of disease and did not have significant lesions at necropsy. Both developed a significant serological response to M. mycoides subsp. mycoides, although this organism was not recovered during the experimental period or at necropsy. This study did not provide evidence for transmission of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides from endobronchially inoculated goats to contact goats or calves and endobronchially inoculated calves did not develop pneumonia. This would suggest that the infection of the goat population in Canada with this pathogen would not be a significant threat to the cattle population. 相似文献
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Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae NCTC 10151(T) and four new isolates from UK sheep flocks were compared. Only glucose and pyruvate were used as energy sources by the five strains: glucose was the best energy source for the type strain, pyruvate supported better growth of the new strains. Whole cell protein patterns and antigenic profiles showed high similarity between all five strains. The new isolates fell into two groups in ELISA tests. Serum samples from 30 pneumonic sheep were assessed for M. ovipneumoniae infection and Mycoplasma arginini co-infection. Fourteen (out of 30) serum samples were positive for M. ovipneumoniae both by ELISA and immunoblotting. Twelve antigenic proteins of M. ovipneumoniae were detected in infected serum samples: the antigen patterns were unique, with between one and at least seven occurring in any one sample. All serum samples were designated as negative for M. arginini antibodies by both ELISA and immunoblotting. 相似文献
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The virulence of isolates of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and M. arginini from pneumonic and unaffected ovine lungs was compared in a mouse mammary gland model. The isolates varied in their ability to induce a neutrophilic response in the mammary gland. A moderate to severe form of mastitis was induced by 3 M. ovipneumoniae isolates recovered from pneumonic lungs, while the remaining M. ovipneumoniae isolates from pneumonic lungs and those from unaffected lungs induced a very mild histopathological response. The severity of the mastitis could not be increased by the simultaneous inoculation of a mixture of 5 mycoplasma isolates. Mycoplasma arginini isolates induced only a very mild histopathological response despite having been isolated from pneumonic lungs. The finding that the 3 most virulent M. ovipneumoniae isolates were initially recovered from pneumonic ovine lungs suggested that these virulent isolates may contribute to ovine pneumonia. However, the isolation of M. ovipneumoniae from pneumonic ovine lungs does not necessarily imply that these organisms are the causal agents, since M. ovipneumoniae isolates may vary in virulence. 相似文献
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A mycoplasma survey of goats with a history of mastitis, polyarthritis, and pneumonia revealed a high incidence of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides (large-colony type). During the early winter kidding season of 1979-1980, kid morbidity in a large commercial dairy herd, evidenced by hyperthermia, polyarthritis, and pneumonia, exceeded 90%. In excess of 200 kids died. Colostral cultures of the parent does yielded 157 isolations from 605 goats (26%). Additional isolations were made from goats with polyarthritis, peritonitis, CNS disorders, and pneumonia; these animals represented 6 California counties and the states of Arizona and Idaho. Identification was accomplished by growth inhibition and immunofluorescent studies. Titers in the colostrum, although variable, were as high as 1 x 10(10) viable organisms/ml and remained virtually undiminished after storage at 5 C for periods of greater than or equal to 4 weeks. The experimental inoculation of the organism into normal goats 1 week to 2 years of age resulted in the death of most animals between the 4th and 14th day after inoculation, whether the organism was administered intraperitoneally, IM, into the teat canal, or orally to young animals. The primary lesions were a fibrinopurulent polyarthritis, fibrinous pleuritis, and pneumonia. It appears that goats can acquire the infection through ingestion, and the organism seems to be widespread in the United States. 相似文献
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In a study of 4 sheep herds, 1 apparently healthy and 3 having respiratory problems, lesions typical of subacute or chronic pneumonia were found in 3–36 % of slaughtered lambs. Occurrence appeared to be related to certain environmental factors such as pasture, whereas moderate lungworm invasion was not found to contribute to subacute or chronic pneumonia. Relation between pneumonia and low carcass weight was established only in 1 herd.Lungs were subjected to microbiological examination. Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae was isolated from both normal and pneumonic lungs from all 4 herds. The prevalence was far higher in pneumonic (98 %) than in normal ones (28 %). Bacteria, mostly Pasteurella haemolytica, were also found in both pneumonic (49 %) and normal (18 %) lungs from all 4 herds. These results confirm the conclusions of a previous study that M. ovipneumoniae is of etiological significance in subacute or chronic pneumonia, whereas bacteria mainly occur as secondary invaders. M. ovipneumoniae appears, however, only to be a potential pathogen. Examinations for Mycoplasma arginini and virus were negative and these agents are considered to be of less significance in subacute or chronic pneumonia under Norwegian conditions. 相似文献
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Chronic non-progressive pneumonia (CNP) is a common disease which affects lambs in New Zealand during late summer and autumn. Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae can be recovered from a high proportion of lesions but it is also present in some normal lungs. Bacteria, especially Pasteurella haemolytica, can also be recovered from more than half the lungs of affected animals. Isolates of M. ovipneumoniae are genetically heterogeneous, as demonstrated by examination of their DNA or total cellular proteins, and are serologically heterogeneous as shown by metabolic inhibition tests. The number of strains present in New Zealand is large and several distinguishable strains can be recovered from each affected lung. Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae has pathogenic potential as indicated by its ability to produce hydrogen peroxide, cause ciliostasis and by its possession of a capsule. Chronic non-progressive pneumonia can be transmitted consistently to over 50% of lambs by inoculation of pooled pneumonic lung homogenate and transmission can be suppressed by broad spectrum antibiotics. In contrast, penicillin does not prevent the development of lesions but diminishes their severity. Pooled lung homogenate treated with digitonin, which inactivates mycoplasmas, has failed to transmit CNP. Pure cultures of M. ovipneumoniae produce only mild lesions in some animals, whereas inoculation with pooled lung homogenate (from which no viruses were isolated) containing mixed strains of M. ovipneumoniae and free from bacteria, is more effective in producing lesions. Research work to date suggests that CNP may be initiated by colonisation of the lung by M. ovipneumoniae which causes ciliostasis and elicits an exudate allowing colonisation of the lungs by bacteria especially M. haemolytica and by other strains of M. ovipneumoniae. The immune response to the initial strain of M. ovipneumoniae may inhibit its replication but would be less effective in inhibiting heterologous strains of the organism allowing their sequential replication. Eventually production of a broad immune response to M. ovipneumoniae would lead to its elimination which in turn would facilitate the elimination of other microorganisms and the resolution of lesions. As natural immunity to CNP occurs within the first year, it may be possible to develop an effective and useful vaccine. Such a vaccine may need to include multiple strains of M. ovipneumoniae. 相似文献
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绵羊肺炎支原体引起绵羊及山羊非典型肺炎,分布广泛,危害严重。本试验旨在研制绵羊肺炎支原体灭活疫苗。采用改良Thiaucourt's培养基对绵羊肺炎支原体临床分离株SC02进行培养,收集生长滴度达109 CCU/mL的培养物,浓缩20倍后灭活,制备油佐剂疫苗。选择绵羊肺炎支原体抗体阴性的6月龄健康山羊经颈部皮下接种该疫苗5.0 mL/只(2×1010 CCU/mL),免疫后21 d,试验组与对照组山羊经气管接种绵羊肺炎支原体强毒Y98株5.0 mL/只(≥2×1010 CCU/mL),测量体温、观察临床症状,并于攻毒后30 d剖检,观察肺脏病理变化。结果表明,试验组5只山羊均获得免疫保护,全部精神状况良好,临诊和剖检均未见异常;对照组5只山羊出现咳嗽、发热、流鼻涕等症状,剖杀后见肺脏组织有典型的肺炎病理变化。本研究结果表明,该疫苗对山羊有良好的免疫保护作用。 相似文献
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Giangaspero M Nicholas RA Hlusek M Bonfini B Osawa T Orusa R Tatami S Takagi E Moriya H Okura N Kato K Kimura A Harasawa R Ayling RD 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(3):395-398
Sheep flocks from Hokkaido, Iwate and Aomori, three northern prefectures of Japan, were screened for antibodies to Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and Mycoplasma agalactiae by ELISA. Sixty four animals out of 246 (26%) were seropositive to M. ovipneumoniae, with positive results obtained from all three prefectures. None of the sera tested were serologically positive to M. agalactiae. 相似文献
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绵羊肺炎支原体的培养和PCR鉴定 《畜牧与饲料科学》2016,37(11):97-97
安徽省3个山羊场有羊只发生肺炎症状,用支原体培养基对病料进行病原分离,经传代和纯化后分离到3株支原体,随后对分离到的支原体进行了形态学观察、PCR鉴定和序列比对,结果显示分离到的支原体均为绵羊肺炎支原体。 相似文献
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Mbulu RS Tjipura-Zaire G Lelli R Frey J Pilo P Vilei EM Mettler F Nicholas RA Huebschle OJ 《Veterinary microbiology》2004,98(3-4):229-234
A study was carried out on four adult cattle to assess the pathogenicity of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC strain T1/44, currently used as a vaccine for the control of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in Namibia. Post mortem examination 9 weeks after endobronchial inoculation of the vaccine strain to three of the four animals revealed unilateral pleuropneumonic lesions, pleuritis and well-developed sequesters in two of the three inoculated animals and several small sequesters surrounded by pleuropneumonic lesions in the diaphragmatic and apical lobes in one animal. The fourth animal, which was not directly inoculated but was in close contact with the inoculated animals, revealed only an adhesion area of the lung to the ribcage. Serological examination carried out using the complement fixation test (CFT) detected positive titres in all three intubated animals and the indirect CBPP-LppQ-ELISA was positive for two of the three inoculated animals. The contact animal showed no seroconversion. M. mycoides subsp. mycoides SC was isolated from the sequesters of two of the inoculated animals. Isolation of mycoplasmas was not possible from the third inoculated animal due to heavy contamination of the samples by other bacteria, but the presence of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides SC could be evidenced by PCR from clinical samples. The identity of the T1/44 vaccine strain isolated from the sequesters of two animals was confirmed by T1/44-specific PCR analysis and by IS1296 typing using Southern blot. These results clearly show that inoculation of T1/44 vaccine via the endobronchial route can lead to CBPP. 相似文献
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Patel H Mackintosh D Ayling RD Nicholas RA Fielder MD 《Veterinary microbiology》2008,127(3-4):309-314
Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae is considered an emerging veterinary pathogen causing pneumonia in sheep and goats worldwide. Currently it has not been possible to define a growth medium that yields the maximum growth of M. ovipneumoniae within a short incubation period. Growth yields of M. ovipneumoniae in Eaton's medium are variable and not as consistently high as those seen with other Mycoplasma spp. This study investigated the ability of different M. ovipneumoniae field strains to grow in various media formulations, where PPLO broth was replaced by a vegetable protein source, and comparisons were made in terms of strain viability in Eaton's medium. Studies were also conducted to determine the optimal carbohydrate source for use in the M. ovipneumoniae medium. Generally, it was found that different strains showed good growth in all media tested, with growth yields at 24h in TSB-1 medium higher than those observed with Eaton's medium. Growth yields reached 10(8) to 10(9)cfu ml(-1) within 24h for particular field strains, with all strains achieving this growth level within 48-72h. 相似文献
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Mycoplasma species and related organisms isolated from ruminants in Britain between 1990 and 2000 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Between 1990 and 2000, more than 1600 mycoplasmas and the related acholeplasmas were identified from ruminant animals by the Mycoplasma Group at the Veterinary Laboratories Agency--Weybridge. Mycoplasma bovis was the most commonly identified pathogen, mostly from pneumonic calves but occasionally from cattle with mastitis and arthritis. Mycoplasma canis was first isolated in Britain in 1995 from pneumonic calves and the number of isolates increased to 18 per cent of the total mycoplasmas isolated from cattle in 1999. The ELISA for antibodies to M. bovis detected 1971 positive samples (22 per cent) among 8959 serum samples, mainly from pneumonic cattle. Other mycoplasmas identified included Mycoplasma dispar from the lungs of cattle with respiratory disease, and Mycoplasma bovigenitalium from the reproductive tract of cows with vulvovaginitis and infertility. Mycoplasma bovirhinis and Acholeplasma species were found commonly but are thought to be more opportunistic than pathogenic. In sheep and goats, the majority of Mycoplasma species isolated were identified as Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae from pneumonic sheep, Mycoplasma conjunctivae from sheep with keratoconjunctivitis, and the ubiquitous Mycoplasma arginini. 相似文献
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Groups of female New Zealand White rabbits, 8-10 weeks old, were inoculated intranasally with three different Pasteurella multocida serotypes (A:3, A:4 and A:12) or one of three Bordetella bronchiseptica strains of rabbit origin. Seven out of 18 rabbits died of experimental infection with P. multocida. B. bronchiseptica killed 3 out of the 8 animals inoculated with it. Deaths occurred between 3 and 6 days postinoculation (PI). In the rabbits that died of P. multocida inoculation, necropsy and histology revealed severe pleuritis with the accumulation of a remarkable amount of fibrinopurulent exudate in the thoracic cavity, serous rhinitis and tracheitis, acute hepatitis with necrotic foci in the parenchyma, and atrophy of the lymphoid organs and tissues. Rabbits killed 10 days PI developed only subacute serous rhinitis and hyperplasia of the lymphoid tissues. Rabbits that died of B. bronchiseptica inoculation showed acute serous rhinitis, acute catarrhal-fibrinopurulent pneumonia and mild pleuritis. As opposed to P. multocida inoculated animals, hepatitis and atrophy of the lymphoid tissues were not characteristic of these rabbits. Rabbits killed 10 days PI developed subacute purulent and necrotic pneumonia with remarkable macrophage proliferation, involving all lobes, and hyperplasia of the lymphoid tissues. 相似文献
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de la Fe C Castro-Alonso A Herráez P Poveda JB 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2011,190(1):94-97
The role of inapparent carriers of Mycoplasma agalactiae and the strategies used to colonise the external ear canal in goats remain unclear. This study examined the ability of M. agalactiae to colonise the ears of goats infected experimentally by the intramammary route. The right mammary glands of 15 lactating goats were inoculated with 10(10) colony forming units (cfu) of M. agalactiae. The goats were randomly assigned to three groups of five animals each and sampled at slaughter at 5, 15 or 45 days post-infection (dpi). A further four goats served as uninfected controls. Right and left ear swabs were collected for detection of M. agalactiae by culture before and after sacrifice. M. agalactiae was detected in 19/20 (95%) ear swabs from goats sampled at 15 and 45dpi, whereas all ear swabs collected before inoculation, ear swabs collected from the group sampled at 5dpi and ear swabs from control goats at the time of sacrifice were negative for M. agalactiae. Blood samples collected at 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72h post-infection for detection of M. agalactiae by culture were also negative. There were differences in the antigenic profiles of isolates recovered from the ears compared to the 7MAG strain used to inoculate the animals and most isolates from the mammary gland, milk and supramammary lymph nodes. 相似文献
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Pathogenicity of some Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma species in the lungs of gnotobiotic calves 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Cloned cultures of 16 strains, representing nine different species of Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma, were inoculated intratracheally into gnotobiotic calves. Strains of M bovirhinis, M canadense, M verecundum, A axanthum and A modicum did not produce visible pneumonic lesions and were not reisolated from the lungs. Strains of M alkalescens and M arginini colonised the lower respiratory tract but failed to produce visible pneumonia. M bovigenitalium (strain M991/70) and M dispar (strain Gri226) both colonised the respiratory tract and induced pneumonic lesions estimated to involve up to 8 per cent (M bovigenitalium) and 17 per cent (M dispar) of the lung. Histologically M bovigenitalium produced a cuffing pneumonia and M dispar produced a interstitial alveolitis. 相似文献