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1.
不同小麦品种资源苗期和成株期麦长管蚜抗性鉴定和分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为明确小麦苗期和成株期与麦长管蚜抗性的关系,2010—2012年采用蚜量比值法对94个小麦品种进行了温室苗期人工接种和田间成株期自然感蚜麦长管蚜抗性鉴定。结果表明,43个品种连续3年在成株期对麦长管蚜表现不同程度的抗性,其中高抗品种2个,中抗品种8个,低抗品种33个;45个品种在苗期对麦长管蚜表现不同程度的抗性,其中高抗品种5个,中抗品种16个,低抗品种24个;30个品种在苗期和成株期同时表现抗蚜,占供试品种的31.91%,其中C273和兰麦（陕西柞水）在苗期和成株期均表现为高抗;小麦品种在温室苗期人工接种和田间成株期自然感蚜的蚜量比值呈极显著正相关,苗期和成株期麦长管蚜抗性表现一致的共有66个品种,占供试材料的70.21%。研究表明温室苗期人工接种是快速鉴定小麦品种麦长管蚜抗性的有效方法。 相似文献
2.
Vavilov wheat accessions provide useful sources of resistance to tan spot (syn. yellow spot) of wheat 
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下载免费PDF全文 E. G. Dinglasan I. D. Godwin H. T. T. Phan K.‐C. Tan G. J. Platz L. T. Hickey 《Plant pathology》2018,67(5):1076-1087
Host genetic resistance is the most effective and sustainable means of managing tan spot or yellow spot of wheat. The disease is becoming increasingly problematic due to the adoption of minimum tillage practices, evolution of effector‐mediated pathogenicity, and widespread cultivation of susceptible cultivars from a narrow genetic base. This highlights the importance of broadening the diversity of resistance factors in modern breeding germplasm. This study explored 300 genetically diverse wheat accessions, originally sourced from the N. I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), St Petersburg, Russia. The collection was screened for resistance to tan spot at seedling and adult stage under controlled conditions, and in the field across 2 years. The phenotypic datasets, coupled with ToxA bioassay screening, identified a number of accessions with useful sources of resistance. Seedling disease response corresponded well with ToxA sensitivity (r = 0.49, P < 0.000), but not adult responses (r = ?0.02 to ?0.19, P < 0.002), and overall reactions to ToxA appeared to show poor correspondence with disease response at the adult stage. ToxA‐insensitive accessions were generally found resistant across different growth stages (all‐stage resistance, ASR) in all experiments (seedling and adult stage under controlled conditions and field). ToxA‐sensitive accessions that were susceptible at seedling stage, but resistant at both adult‐plant stages, were deemed to carry adult‐plant resistance (APR). This study provides detailed information on the degree of tan spot resistance in the Vavilov wheat collection and discusses strategies to harness these sources to boost the diversity of resistance factors in modern wheat breeding germplasm. 相似文献
3.
Thirty-nine genotypes ofCucumis melo (plant introduction entries, open-pollinated cultivars and F1 hybrids) were evaluated for resistance to powdery mildew under either natural field conditions or artificial inoculation
in growth chambers at the cotyledonary stage and the 2-true-leaf stage. Results confirmed that susceptibility in cotyledons
was not necessarily associated with susceptibility in either true leaves in growth chambers or adult plants in the field.
However, resistance at the 2-true-leaf stage in growth chambers was highly correlated with resistance of field-grown plants.
Results also showed that 20 muskmelon genotypes resistant to race 1 at the cotyledonary stage were also resistant at the 2-leaf-stage
and as adult plants in the field. The same was true for ten genotypes with race 2 inoculations. Because muskmelon genotypes
expressing resistance in cotyledons were also resistant in true leaves in growth chambers or the field, the use of plants
at the cotyledonary stage is recommended for screening for powdery mildew resistance caused by race 1 or race 2 ofS. fuliginea. When cotyledons are susceptible, screening should be done at the 2-true-leaf stage. 相似文献
4.
81份春小麦种质资源抗条锈病评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究结合苗期分小种接种和大田成株期自然诱发条件下对供试的81份春小麦资源进行抗条锈病鉴定,分析其抗条锈病情况、抗病类型及抗病性关系,结果表明:具全生育期抗条锈病类型的资源有7份,具成株期抗条锈病类型的资源有39份,有30份资源为含有成株期和对部分小种失去抗性的全生育期抗病性的抗性类型;苗期分别接种7个小种后,表现抗病的资源数为9~25份不等,表现中抗的资源为2~6份不等,表现感病的有50~69份不等,成株期表现抗病的73份,表现中抗的3份,感病的5份,即供试种质资源大部分表现为苗期感病,而成株期具有抗病性。聚类分析结果表明,该81份种质资源抗性聚类相对分散,遗传多样性水平较高。研究结果为小麦育种提供优良的抗条锈性资源。 相似文献
5.
Adult plant resistance indicates that plant is susceptible to pathogen at seedling stage, but resistant at adult stage. Understanding the mechanism of the interactions between APR wheat plants and Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is important for the creation of strategies to improve cultivar disease resistance. In this study, a full-length cDNA was isolated from APR wheat cultivar Xingzi 9104 (XZ), and was designated as ubiquitin-like protein 5 (TaULP5). TaULP5 was likely to be located in the cytoplasm, with a percentage of 75.9% Arabidopsis protoplasts number. The expression of TaULP5 was largely induced in the compatible interaction of wheat seedlings to Pst, while no obvious change was found in the incompatible interaction of wheat adult plants to Pst. Moreover, when TaULP5 was knocked down, the wheat resistance at seedling stage to Pst was improved. In addition, knockdown of TaULP5 increased the expression levels of some biotic stress-related genes, such as PR1 and PR2. It is the first time to confirm that ubiquitin-like protein could contribute to the compatible interaction of XZ to Pst, and the results will lay a foundation for understanding the mechanisms of different interactions between APR wheat plants and Pst at post-translational level. 相似文献
6.
临麦系列春小麦品种抗条锈性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
小麦条锈病是发生于甘肃省临夏州小麦生产上的最主要病害,种植抗病品种是防治该病最经济有效且有利于保护环境的措施。作者于2013年在甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所兰州低温温室和甘谷试验站进行了苗期、成株期分小种接种鉴定,并于2010-2014年对临麦系列春小麦品种‘临麦32号’~‘临麦36号’在甘肃省不同生态区的8个试验点进行成株期抗条锈性分析,结果表明:春小麦品种‘临麦32号’苗期对所有供试菌系均表现感病,成株期对CYR29和CYR32表现中抗-中感;‘临麦33号’除对CYR29苗期表现免疫、成株期表现中抗-中感外,对其余供试菌系均表现感病。对自然诱发的条锈病,两品种也表现感病;‘临麦34号’和‘临麦36号’除对新菌系G22-9、G22-14表现感病外,对其余菌系表现抗病,但自2013年开始两品种在田间也表现感病;‘临麦35号’全生育期对接种及自然诱发的条锈菌均表现抗病。苗期选用24个国内外供试条锈菌单孢菌系进行基因推导分析,发现供试临麦系品种抗性谱与已知基因载体品种的抗性谱均不一致,初步推测供试临麦系品种含有未知抗条锈基因。 相似文献
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为明确黄淮麦区主栽小麦品种对茎基腐病的抗性水平、不同抗性指标的相关性,以及茎杆和籽粒中镰刀菌毒素积累情况,在采用苗期茎基部滴注法和成株期混合播种法进行抗性鉴定的基础上,本研究还利用超高效液相色谱高分辨质谱联用技术,测定了小麦茎杆和籽粒中6种常见镰刀菌毒素的含量。结果表明,供试的20个小麦品种中,苗期抗病、中抗、感病和高感的分别有‘百农207'等4个、‘郑麦7698'等7个、‘周麦18'等 4个和‘矮抗58'等5个,分别占20%、35%、20%和25%。成株期表现抗病、中抗和感病的分别有‘周麦18'和‘中麦895'共2个、‘济麦23'等 8个和‘矮抗58'等 10个,分别占10%、40%和50%。抗性鉴定数据的统计分析发现,苗期和成株期抗性水平无显著相关性(P>0.05)。毒素检测结果表明,供试品种籽粒中均未检测到毒素,茎秆中均检测到脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)及隐蔽型真菌毒素脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇-3-葡萄糖苷(D3G),含量分别为4.03~17.65 mg·kg-1、0.09~1.28 mg·kg-1和1.93~16.82 mg·kg-1。根据研究结果,认为‘矮抗58'和‘郑麦7698'可作为感病和中抗对照品种。本研究结果为小麦茎基腐病抗性鉴定评价、抗性品种培育和利用提供了科学依据。 相似文献
8.
Chutsuda Junsopa Sanun Jogloy Weerasak Saksirirat Patcharin Songsri Thawan Kesmala Barbara B. Shew 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2018,151(1):251-255
Stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii is an important problem for Jerusalem artichoke production. Host plant resistance is the most promising method to control disease. If resistant genotypes can be identified in seedlings and this resistance is closely related to resistance at maturity, the evaluation of disease resistance in adult plants could be curtailed or omitted, increasing the speed and efficiency of screening. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between resistance to S. rolfsii in Jerusalem artichoke in seedling and in adult stages under field conditions. Field experiments were set up in different soil fertility environments in the rainy season during July to October 2014. In each environment, 10 varieties of Jerusalem artichoke with differences in resistance to S. rolfsii were planted and inoculated either 15 or 45 days after transplanting. Higher disease incidence was observed on adult plant stage, but disease severity was similar for both plant stages. The correlations between seedling and adult responses were positive and significant for disease incidence, area under disease progress curve and severity index. Screening for resistance to S. rolfsii in Jerusalem artichoke can be carried out on seedlings, thus improving the efficiency of selection. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Cephalosporium stripe is an important disease of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) in several areas of the world, especially where stubble mulch and early seeding are practiced to maintain soil moisture and prevent erosion. We developed a procedure to mass-produce a toxic fraction produced by Cephalosporium gramineum through a modification of the method of Kobayashi and Ui. Exposure of excised wheat leaves to a concentration of 60 mul/ml of the toxic fraction for 72 h produced distinct wilting symptoms that allowed us to distinguish toxin-sensitive wheat genotypes in a repeatable manner. Twenty wheat genotypes belonging to four distinct germ plasm groups (common, club, durum, and synthetic) were evaluated. Variation in toxin sensitivity of wheat genotypes was mostly at the level of the germ plasm group, and all differences among the four germ plasm groups were highly significant (P < 0.001) based on linear contrasts. Seventeen winter wheat genotypes representing the common, club, and durum germ plasm groups were planted in C. gramineum-infested fields at two locations. The logarithm of the percentage of tillers showing whitehead symptoms at each of the two locations was significantly (P < 0.0001) correlated with wilting symptoms measured by the toxin assay (r = 0.80 and 0.84). The common wheat genotypes were all sensitive to the toxic fraction, but showed a substantial range of disease reactions in the field. However, we found no case of a toxin-insensitive genotype being susceptible in the field. These results suggest that toxin insensitivity may be an important mechanism of resistance to Cephalosporium stripe, but that other mechanisms are operative as well. The toxin assay may be useful as an initial screening procedure to reduce the number of genotypes to be tested in the field. 相似文献
11.
为西北农林科技大学小麦新育成品种（系）在黄淮麦区的大面积推广,该研究对83份西农新育成的小麦品种（系）进行苗期抗条锈病和白粉病鉴定,成株期抗条锈病、白粉病、叶锈病和赤霉病鉴定,并在田间自然环境下对其抗性进行鉴定及对相关抗病基因进行分子检测。结果显示,在苗期人工接种鉴定中,有63、29和16份小麦品种（系）分别对条锈菌Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici生理小种CYR32、CYR33和CYR34表现出抗性,9份小麦品种（系）对3个条锈菌生理小种均表现出抗性;有10、3和0份小麦品种（系）分别对白粉菌Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici生理小种E15、E09和A13表现出抗性。在成株期人工接种鉴定中,有23、15、28和62份小麦品种（系）分别对条锈病、白粉病、叶锈病和赤霉病表现出抗性。在83份小麦品种（系）中有6份在苗期和成株期均对小麦条锈病表现出抗性。在田间抗性鉴定中,有57、6、65和40份小麦品种（系）分别对条锈病、白粉病、赤霉病及叶锈病表现出抗性。在83份小麦品种（系）中,3份含有Yr5基因,22份含有Yr9基因,3份含有Yr17基因,2份含有Pm24基因,14份含有Lr1基因,所占比例分别为3.6%、26.5%、3.6%、2.4%和16.8%。 相似文献
12.
A high-throughput glasshouse bioassay to detect crown rot resistance in wheat germplasm 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
V. Mitter M. C. Zhang C. J. Liu R. Ghosh M. Ghosh S. Chakraborty 《Plant pathology》2006,55(3):433-441
A high-throughput and reliable seedling bioassay to screen wheat germplasm for crown rot resistance was developed. Single wheat seedlings were grown in square seedling punnets in a glasshouse and inoculated with a monoconidial Fusarium pseudograminearum isolate 10 days after emergence. The punnets were laid horizontally on their side and a 10- µ L inoculum droplet placed on the stem base. Seedlings were incubated at near-saturated relative humidity, and crown rot severity was assessed 35 days after inoculation. Studies on the duration of incubation period, inoculum concentration and temperature were carried out to optimize these parameters. Seedling growth at 25/15(±5)°C in a glasshouse and 48-h incubation at near-saturated RH in darkness gave the best results. When crown rot resistance rankings of 16 Australian cultivars from the bioassay were compared with their field performance, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was highly significant. This indicated that the seedling bioassay mimicked field resistance to crown rot in adult plants. A bootstrap resampling analysis showed little or no improvement in the coefficient of variation with an increasing number of replications, indicating a high level of precision and reproducibility. By detecting small but consistent differences in crown rot severity, the bioassay proved effective in large-scale screening for partial resistance: already over 1400 wheat genotypes have been screened. The high degree of precision makes this an invaluable tool in the understanding of pathogen aggressiveness, host specialization and parasitic fitness. 相似文献
13.
中国小麦生产品种对条锈菌不同生理小种抗病性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
小麦条锈病是严重威胁我国小麦安全生产的病害,抗病品种培育和利用是经济、安全、高效的防控策略.通过对来自全国不同麦区的115个小麦生产品种进行苗期和成株期抗条锈病分小种鉴定的结果显示,供试小麦品种对条锈菌流行小种的抗病性存在明显差异.其中,苗期对7个条锈菌生理小种均表现抗病的品种9个(占参试品种的7.8%),均表现感病的品种23个(占20.0%);对条锈菌生理小种CYR32、CYR33和V26均表现全生育期抗性的品种13个(占11.3%)、成株抗性品种5个(占4.3%)和慢锈性品种3个(占2.6%).表明当前我国小麦主产区品种整体抗条锈性水平仍较低,需大力加强小麦抗条锈病育种工作,并对不同麦区小麦品种合理布局问题进行了讨论. 相似文献
14.
水稻抗纹枯病苗期快速鉴定技术研究 总被引：17，自引：3，他引：14
以抗感反应不同的5个水稻品种为试验材料,在人工气候箱、控温室中进行水稻苗期抗纹枯病接种试验,并与田间相应的成株期抗性试验进行比较,研究水稻苗期快速鉴定技术。结果表明:85%的相对湿度为纹枯病菌侵染危害水稻苗期植株的适宜湿度;苗期5个水稻品种对纹枯病抗性差异极显著,可将其分为相对感病(Lemont、武育粳3号)和相对抗病(YSBR1、Jasmine85、特青)2大类;接种叶龄对发病程度有显著的影响,5个品种在四叶期接种时的平均病级显著高于五叶期接种的平均病级;苗期水稻品种间抗感差异小于田间鉴定试验结果,但两者间品种抗感趋势基本一致。苗期快速鉴定技术可用于大规模水稻品种(组合)的抗性筛选或初步鉴定。 相似文献
15.
四川省不仅是条锈菌冬繁区,也是我国东部麦区重要的春季初侵染菌源地和毒性变异地。准确评价四川小麦新育成品种和高代品系对条锈病的抗性水平,能为合理培育和使用抗病品种提供重要依据。利用当前条锈菌优势小种和4个地点的成株期鉴定圃对来自四川省的115份小麦育成品种和299份高代品系进行苗期和成株期抗病性鉴定。结果表明,新育成品种苗期对优势小种的高抗CYR32、CYR33和CYR34的比例发生不同程度的变化,对CYR32的高抗比例为40.9%、对CYR34的高抗比例为17.4%,而供试高代品系高抗比例从52.3%降至46.2%;中抗类型育成品种从20.0%增加到40.9%,高代品系从19.6%增加至33.2%。表明条锈菌优势小种更替后一些材料仍保留了部分抗性,后期选育的高代品系兼顾对新小种的抗病性。育成品种在四川成都和甘肃清水成株期鉴定,高抗品种所占比例较低,分别为13.9%和3.5%,但高代品系高抗类型比例较高,分别为42.2%和8.5%,表明甘肃和四川条锈菌的致病类型和发病环境条件存在较大差异,近年来四川小麦成株抗条锈病育种取得显著进展。 相似文献
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四川58个小麦品种苗期抗条锈基因推导及成株期抗性表现 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
为了解四川小麦品种所含抗条锈基因及其在田间的抗性表现,将29个毒性谱各异的小麦条锈菌鉴别菌株于苗期接种35个已知抗条锈基因载体品系和58份四川小麦品种（系）,通过抗病谱对比分析和各品种（系）系谱分析,推导了四川小麦品种（系）的抗条锈基因型。在田间,选用中国小麦条锈菌优势小种CY32、CY33、Su-4和对Yr10、Yr24和Yr26致病的贵农22致病类型田间突变株进行混合接种,在乳熟期对各品种（系）的抗条锈性进行了鉴定。结果显示,Yr2、Yr5、Yr7、Yr9、Yr10、Yr24、Yr27、YrSpp、YrAlba等9个基因以单基因或基因组合的形式存在于44个四川小麦品种（系）中。有6个品种（系）含有Yr9基因,10个品种（系）含有Yr10基因,11个品种（系）含有Yr24基因,其中1个同时含有Yr10和Yr24基因。23个品种（系）含有未知基因及其组合。共有19个小麦品种（系）成株期对包含上述混合菌种在内的田间流行菌系表现抗病,其中5个品种抗性受成株抗性基因控制。 相似文献
18.
Jessica Knüfer Daniel Teshome Lopisso Birger Koopmann Petr Karlovsky Andreas von Tiedemann 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2017,147(4):819-831
Improvement of cultivar resistance is the key strategy to control the host-specialized pathogen Verticillium longisporum in oilseed rape (OSR). A special feature of this pathogen is its systemic, non-homogenous and delayed colonization of the plant xylem resulting in an extended symptomless period of latency. As a result, severity of infection in the field is difficult to score as it becomes apparent only at crop maturity stages when it may be confused with natural senescence. Assessment of Verticillium disease severity in OSR by visual scoring of microsclerotia on harvested stubbles unsatisfactorily reflects genotypic resistance as it is strongly affected by the ripening stage of the plant. To overcome these limitations, we developed a qPCR method, which unambiguously differentiates levels of quantitative resistance to V. longisporum in OSR genotypes under field conditions. The specificity and sensitivity of two primer pairs targeting ITS or tubulin loci in the V. longisporum genome were tested. While tubulin primers showed a high specificity to V. longisporum isolates, ITS primers exhibited a significantly higher sensitivity in detecting fungal DNA in stem tissue (limit of quantification =0.56 fg DNA) of field-grown pre-symptomatic plants. The best discrimination of resistant and susceptible OSR cultivars based on fungal DNA analysis in stem tissue was achieved at growth stage 80, at the transition of fungal vascular growth in viable plants to saprotrophic colonization of senescent stem tissues. Field screening data obtained with qPCR at growth stage 80 confirmed results from greenhouse testing thus corroborating the relevance and reliability of seedling assays for determining cultivar responses to V. longisporum in the field, as a useful tool for breeders in first selection of elite OSR genotypes with improved resistance to Verticillium. 相似文献
19.
Abstract The evaluation of greenhouse and field screening methods for the identification of resistance to bacterial blight (Xanthomonas vignicola Burkh.) amongst germplasm and breeding lines of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata(L.) Walp.) is described. A stem injection technique and a leaf infiltration method were found reliable under greenhouse conditions while foliar spray inoculation was appropriate for use in both greenhouse and field experiments. A seed inoculation technique for evaluating seedling mortality may prove useful although only one susceptible cowpea accession was used in this study. Since distinct syndromes of bacterial blight (seedling mortality, stem canker and foliar blight) are recognised, it may be advantageous to adopt a different inoculation method for each syndrome to establish the relationship between the resistance of different plant parts within cowpea genotypes. Results confirm the existence of at least two distinct mechanisms of resistance to bacterial blight in cowpea. Hypersensitive resistance was clearly demonstrated in the accession TVu 410 by the leaf injection infiltration method; VITA 3 was shown to possess a field resistance, expressed as reduced and delayed disease development. The probable stability of these mechanisms is discussed with regard to their suitability as breeding objectives. 相似文献
20.
Tatiana Vega Gabriela Breccia Graciela Nestares María Laura Mayor Roxana Zorzoli Liliana Picardi 《Pest management science》2009,65(9):991-995
BACKGROUND: Rapid and efficient diagnostic tests for early screening of herbicide resistance are convenient alternatives to field screening methods. There is a need for a quick, reliable and cost‐effective method for rapid diagnosis of imidazolinone resistance in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). RESULTS: Two seed germination bioassays were developed. Seeds from three sunflower inbred lines differing in resistance to imidazolinones were germinated either on solid culture medium or placed in plastic pots filled with commercial perlite. After 8 days incubation under controlled conditions, both assays successfully distinguished susceptible genotype from the resistant and intermediate ones. The susceptible genotype showed arrested root growth at all herbicide treatments (root length < 1 cm). The resistant genotype developed a complete root system even when exposed to the highest dose of herbicide. However, no definite differences were observed for the intermediate and resistant genotypes with respect to root growth under the different herbicide treatments. CONCLUSION: The simple and rapid screening assays described in the present study were useful in discriminating imidazolinone resistance at the seedling stage. Therefore, these bioassays could be potential tools for early screening of imidazolinone resistance genes from large sunflower populations. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献