首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
收割期牧草底部茎秆生物力学性能试   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以北方典型多年生豆科牧草紫花苜蓿、小冠花和禾本科扁穗冰草、无芒雀麦收获期底部茎秆为研究对象,在500N微机控制电子万能试验机上试验研究了主要力学性能,并测定了茎秆在不同状态下纤维素、木质素、蛋白质等主要化学成分含量,观测了茎秆的微观组织结构,得到了茎秆扫描电镜下的解剖构造图像.研究结果表明:4种牧草收割期底部茎秆应力σ与应变ε曲线服从虎克定律,禾本科扁穗冰草茎秆抗拉强度高而弹性小;豆科小冠花茎秆抗拉强度最低,柔韧性强,纤维素质量分数也最低(13.87%).牧草茎秆是天然高分子复合材料,呈各向异性,其强度和刚度不仅取决于纤维素、木质素的含量及其链接形式和排列方式,还取决于各自机械组织的厚度、维管束的数量以及各组织及其细胞之间的连接形式和连接强度.  相似文献   

2.
为给甘草茎秆饲用化加工机具的设计及参数优化提供理论基础,对不同直径的甘草茎秆弯曲特性、化学组分百分比含量及微观结构特征进行试验研究。通过弯曲试验得出含水率在13%~15%的光果甘草茎秆最大弯曲力为192.68 N,最大抗弯强度为539.62 MPa;随着直径的增大,弯曲力逐渐增大,而抗弯强度逐渐减小,直径对弯曲力、抗弯强度具有显著性影响(P0.05)。采用盐酸水解法测定甘草茎秆半纤维素百分比含量为9.02%~10.71%,采用滴定法测定纤维素、木质素百分比含量分别为23.37%~38.32%、32.85%~40.3%。采用电子显微镜观测甘草茎秆微观结构特征,得出甘草茎秆主要由韧皮部、纤维部、髓部构成。利用灰色关联理论,建立甘草茎秆化学组分百分比含量、微观结构各部位截面积大小与弯曲力的相关性,得出纤维素、半纤维素、木质素百分比含量与韧皮部、纤维部、髓部截面积大小对最大弯曲力的关联系数均大于0.5,表明茎秆化学组分百分比含量与微观结构各部位截面积大小对甘草茎秆最大弯曲力均有影响。本研究可量化各因素对弯曲特性的影响规律,为"机械—茎秆"作用系统及其加工机具研究提供参考价值。  相似文献   

3.
不同刈割期低纤维苜蓿茎秆生物力学试验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文以北方多年生豆科牧草低纤维苜蓿和甘农三号、绿宝石小冠花(对照品种)初花期、结荚期茎秆为研究对象,测试了茎秆的主要力学性能及在不同状态下主要化学成分含量.结果表明:三种牧草刈割处茎秆应力与应变曲线近似呈线性关系;结荚期茎秆抗拉强度大于初花期;初花期刈割处茎秆平均抗拉强度分别是24.62MPa、24.82MPa、15.96MPa;三种牧草茎秆随含水率的降低(或初花期到结荚期的变化),纤维素、木质素、蛋白质含量均增高;低纤维苜蓿平均蛋白质含量介于绿宝石小冠花和甘农3号之间.考虑蛋白质含量、消化率及机械化收获难易,新品系低纤维苜蓿具有更广阔发展前景.此研究为指导牧草优种筛选和选育,设计开发新机具、新工艺提供理论依据.  相似文献   

4.
匍匐缠结牧草收割期茎秆生物力学特性试验   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以北方典型多年生豆科牧草小冠花的匍匐型和直立型两个新品系以及原始亲本绿宝石小冠花(半匍匐型,为对照品种)的收割期茎秆为研究对象,采用微机控制电子万能试验机和波钦诺克方法,测试了茎秆的主要生物力学特性.结果表明:直立型小冠花茎秆的抗拉强度最大(14.88~26.80 MPa);匍匐型、半匍匐型、直立型小冠花茎秆平均最大载荷力分别为88.88 N、152.70 N和187.10 N,鲜样纤维素平均质量分数分别为13.59%、13.87%、15.52%,木质素平均质量分数分别为4.47%、4.18%、3.95%,蛋白质平均质量分数分别为3.83%、4.55%、2.74%,并随含水率的降低(或生育期增长),纤维素、木质素、蛋白质的质量分数均增大.匍匐缠结牧草茎秆强度和刚度主要取决于纤维素、木质素的质量分数及其链接形式和排列方式.新品系直立型小冠花木质素/纤维素质量分数比值较匍匐、半匍匐型低,较易机械化收获.  相似文献   

5.
以北方典型多年生豆科牧草小冠花的匍匐型和直立型两个新品系以及原始亲本绿宝石小冠花(半匍匐型,为对照品种)的收割期茎秆为研究对象,采用微机控制电子万能试验机和波钦诺克方法,测试了茎秆的主要生物力学特性。结果表明:直立型小冠花茎秆的抗拉强度最大(14.88~26.80MPa);匍匐型、半匍匐型、直立型小冠花茎秆平均最大载荷力分别为88.88N、152.70N和187.10N,鲜样纤维素平均质量分数分别为13.59%、13.87%、15.52%,木质素平均质量分数分别为4.47%、4.18%、3.95%,蛋白质平均质量分数分别为3.83%、4.55%、2.74%,并随含水率的降低(或生育期增长),纤维素、木质素、蛋白质的质量分数均增大。匍匐缠结牧草茎秆强度和刚度主要取决于纤维素、木质素的质量分数及其链接形式和排列方式。新品系直立型小冠花木质素/纤维素质量分数比值较匍匐、半匍匐型低,较易机械化收获。Three kinds of stems in harvesting period, creeping type, erect crownvetch strain and half crawl type(Coronilla varial.) were chosen to perform the biomechanical nature of forage stems by the electronic testing machine CMT2502 and Х Н .Починок  相似文献   

6.
小麦茎秆力学性能与微观结构研   总被引:9,自引:2,他引:7  
测定了小麦成熟期茎秆的力学性能,研究了茎秆的应力-应变规律.试验观察了茎秆的微观组织结构,得到了茎秆扫描电镜下的解剖构造图像.分析了小麦茎秆承载能力与微观组织结构的相互关系,建立了茎秆横截面的力学模型.结果表明:小麦茎秆是一种典型的多相、筛状、不连续、不均匀和各向异性的复合材料,茎秆具有较高的强度和良好的弹性,其承载能力取决于机械组织的厚度、维管束的数量以及各组织及其细胞之间的连接形式和连接强度,小麦茎秆的抗拉强度为30.36~52.65 MPa,弹性模量为1.14~2.05 GPa.  相似文献   

7.
对油用牡丹茎秆的穿刺力学特性进行研究,旨在为油用牡丹果荚的高效采收提供依据。以洛阳地区采摘的丹凤白品种的油用牡丹为研究对象,利用质构仪测定油用牡丹茎秆强度,分析茎秆穿刺力、直径、相对含水率等物理特性参数,以及茎秆纤维素、半纤维素、木质素等化学组分的含量。以穿刺力为试验指标,探究穿刺位置、相对含水率、穿刺速度对茎秆穿刺力的影响。结果表明:随茎秆直径的增加,茎秆的穿刺力明显增大;随相对含水率的提高,穿刺力逐渐下降;穿刺力与穿刺速度呈正相关。在茎秆的化学组分中,木质素含量的平均值最高(24.980%),其次为纤维素含量(17.269%),最后为半纤维素含量(16.935%);相对含水率对穿刺力有显著影响,而穿刺位置和穿刺速度对穿刺力影响不显著。研究结果可为油用牡丹茎秆穿刺力学特性研究提供参考。  相似文献   

8.
杨晔 《农业工程》2014,4(4):48-51
木质素是存在于高等植物细胞壁中的含量仅次于纤维素的生物多聚体,约占木本植物的25%,起着加固植物组织的作用。在植物组织中,木质素、纤维素和半纤维素以共价键形式接合,将纤维素分子包埋于其中,形成坚固的天然屏障,使一般的微生物很难进入其中分解纤维素,因此,木质素的降解是能否有效利用纤维素的关键之一。在自然界的碳元素循环中,木质素的降解和利用是最关键的限速环节。就木质素降解酶的研究进展进行综述,尝试为木质素的生物降解提供一些参考。   相似文献   

9.
挤压膨化参数对玉米秸秆纤维成分含量的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
针对秸秆纤维制取酒精过程中纤维利用率低问题,利用小型单螺杆秸秆挤压机,采用五因素五水平正交旋转组合试验方法,研究了挤压膨化系统参数:模孔环隙B、螺杆末端至模板内表面的距离δ、套筒温度T、螺杆转速N和物料含水率W,对玉米秸秆纤维(纤维素、半纤维素和木质素)成分比例的影响规律,得出最优参数组合为:B=4 mm、δ=5 mm、T=120℃、N=90 r/min、W=20%,纤维成分含量为:纤维素35.11%,半纤维素31.83%,木质素6.77%.研究结果为秸秆纤维制取酒精的挤压膨化预处理工艺提供参考.  相似文献   

10.
在推进生态畜牧业发展中,随着养殖规模的不断扩大,畜牧业粮食消耗量逐年上升,从而导致饲料原料紧张、人畜争粮矛盾等问题越来越突出。作为一种资源,农作物秸秆含有丰富的营养和可利用的化学成分,可用作畜牧业饲料的原料,进而开辟新的饲料来源。农作物秸秆是农作物在成熟后,收获籽实后所剩余的副产品,包括禾本科作物茎秆和豆科作物茎秆,其中禾本科作物秸秆主要有玉米秸、小麦秸、稻草等;豆科作物秸秆有黄豆秸、蚕豆秸等,此外还有各种蔓藤。秸秆饲料的营养特点是粗纤维含量高,占干物质的30%~40%,木质素、半纤维素、硅酸盐含量高,粗蛋白质含量低,豆科  相似文献   

11.
Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.  相似文献   

12.
瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。  相似文献   

13.
对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明:该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。  相似文献   

14.
对《种子法》存在问题的探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。  相似文献   

15.
About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.  相似文献   

16.
赵异 《湖南农机》2007,(3):31-32
在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。  相似文献   

17.
A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.  相似文献   

18.
在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。  相似文献   

19.
农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。  相似文献   

20.
车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号