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1.
茎基腐病是百香果毁灭性病害之一。本研究结合症状观察、病原菌分离纯化、致病性测定和分子鉴定等手段,确定了病原种类,进而采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法对其进行室内毒力测定,以期筛选出高效防控药剂。结果表明：病原菌有典型的镰刀菌特征,其ITS序列与腐皮镰刀菌（Fusarium solani）的多条序列聚在同一分支上,相似性达100%,说明百香果茎腐病的病原为腐皮镰刀菌（Fusarium solani）。室内毒力测定的6种药剂中,250g/L升苯醚甲环唑乳油对菌丝生长的抑制效果最明显,EC50为0.3372 mg/L,其次是450g/L咪鲜胺水乳剂和70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂,EC50分别为0.4749 mg/L和0.7172mg/L;但镰刀菌孢子萌发测试表明, 450g/L咪鲜胺水乳剂浓度为9mg/L时的抑制效果最好,为74.78%,其次是70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂1400mg/L和250g/L苯醚甲环唑乳油250mg/L,分别为58.89%和33.67%,30%噁霉灵水剂效果最差,浓度为600mg/L时,抑制率接近于0。  相似文献   

2.
为了有效防治火龙果溃疡病,本实验通过菌种的分离与纯化、致病性测定、形态学观察、rDNA-ITS序列分析和药剂室内毒力测定,对引起火龙果溃疡病的病原菌进行了鉴定及抑菌药剂的室内筛选。结果表明,菌株P1与新暗色柱节孢的相似性达100%,结合形态学分析确定该菌株就是火龙果溃疡病的病原菌;13种药剂中40%氟硅唑乳油、10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂、50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂和12.5%烯唑醇乳油的抑菌效果最好,EC50分别为0.0507mg/L、0.1317mg/L、0.1832mg/L和0.1731mg/L。结果可为火龙果溃疡病的防治提供科学参考。  相似文献   

3.
【目的】为明确在广西崇左市油梨种植基地发现的一种叶斑病的病原菌及其生物学特性,以及该病害的防治药剂。【方法】通过形态学鉴定及分子生物学方法,对该病原菌进行鉴定,并对该病原菌进行了生物学特性测定及防治杀菌剂的室内筛选。【结果】该叶斑病的病原菌为嘴突脐蠕孢（Exserohilum rostratum）,该病原菌的最适生长温度为28℃,最适培养基为PDA培养基,最适pH为7,黑暗条件有利于该菌的生长。参试的250g/L吡唑醚菌酯乳油、10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂、40%百菌清悬浮剂、430g/L戊唑醇悬浮剂和40%腈菌唑可湿性粉剂对嘴突脐蠕孢均有抑制效果,其中10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂、430g/L戊唑醇悬浮剂和40%腈菌唑可湿性粉剂对该菌生长的抑制效果较好,其EC50分别为0.0163mg/L、0.0420mg/L、0.1109mg/L。  相似文献   

4.
为明确贵州修文县猕猴桃果实腐烂的致病菌种并做室内毒力测定筛选有效防治药剂,采集对该县的烂果进行病原分离与致病性测 定,得到一株致病能力较强的真菌,结合形态学及18 S rDNA序列测定,最终确定该致病菌种为盘多毛孢菌（Pestalotiopsis gracilissp. ）;采用通过菌丝生长速率法测定分别选用6种杀菌剂的抑制作用毒力用于防治药剂的室内筛选,结果表明42.4%唑醚•氟酰胺悬浮剂、复配 （80%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂与40%嘧菌酯悬浮剂按1:1混合）、40%氟硅唑乳油三种杀菌剂抑制效果最好较好,其EC50分别为0.068、0.2205、和2.1872 mg/L,均可作为选为该病菌病害的防治用药药剂。  相似文献   

5.
为了筛选出柑橘轮斑病菌的有效防治药剂,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了29种杀菌剂对分离自重庆的WZ1菌株及分离自陕西的DS3菌株的抑制效果,结果表明,29种药剂中25%咪鲜胺悬浮剂、40%双胍三辛烷基苯磺酸盐可湿性粉剂、400g/L氟硅唑乳油、42%双胍.咪鲜胺可湿性粉剂4个药剂对WZ1、DS3菌株的抑制作用较强,EC50<0.1mg/L;7%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂、500g/L氟啶胺悬浮剂、430g/L戊唑醇悬浮剂等16种药剂的EC50<1mg/L,对WZ1、DS3菌株抑制作用强。WZ1菌株和DS3菌株对500g/L氟啶胺悬浮剂、10%抑霉唑水剂、80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂、500g/L甲基硫菌灵悬浮剂、50%苯菌灵可湿性粉剂的敏感性差异较大,可能存在抗药性差异。其中柑橘轮斑病菌DS3菌株β-tubulin基因第200位氨基酸由苯丙氨酸突变为酪氨酸可能导致该菌株对甲基硫菌灵和苯菌灵等苯并咪唑类药剂产生抗药性。本研究为柑橘轮斑病的田间防治提供了药剂选择,为柑橘轮斑病抗性菌株的快速分子检测方法提供参考。  相似文献   

6.
为明确引起贵长猕猴桃蒂腐病病原菌的种类并筛选出有效防治药剂,本研究从自然发病果实进行病原菌分离,通过菌株致病性测定、形态学及分子生物学鉴定,并针对病原菌采用6种不同杀菌剂对其的抑菌效果研究。结果表明,分离获得的有效菌株中GC-1和GC-2可引发蒂腐病,将有效菌株的序列结果与 NCBI进行核酸 Blast 比对,GC-1和GC-2分别与木贼镰刀菌(Fusariam)和粉红螺旋聚孢霉(Clonostachys rosea)的同源性达99 %和100 %,结合GC-1和GC-2病原菌形态特征分析,明确引起贵长猕猴桃蒂腐病病原菌为木贼镰刀菌(Fusariam)和粉红螺旋聚孢霉(Clonostachys rosea)。室内毒力测试结果表明,甲基硫菌灵对木贼镰刀菌抑菌效果最好,EC50值为8.2007 mg/L;其次是异菌脲、咪鲜胺、多菌灵、戊唑醇和苯醚甲环唑,Ec50分别为19.6431 mg/L、23.2454 mg/L、37.7505 mg/L、70.2533 mg/L和139.2179 mg/L。多菌灵对粉红螺旋聚孢霉效果最好,EC50值为7.8540 mg/L;其次是咪鲜胺、苯醚甲环唑、甲基硫菌灵、异菌脲和戊唑醇,其Ec50分别为14.3703 mg/L、28.1615 mg/L、100.7953 mg/L、126.3797 mg/L和135.9008 mg/L。因此,引起贵长猕猴桃蒂腐病的病原菌为木贼镰刀菌(Fusariam)和粉红螺旋聚孢霉(Clonostachys rosea);甲基硫菌灵和多菌灵分别对木贼镰刀菌(Fusariam)和粉红螺旋聚孢霉(Clonostachys rosea)的菌丝生长具有明显抑制作用,该研究结果可为贵长猕猴桃蒂腐病的田间药剂防治提供筛选依据。  相似文献   

7.
为明确不同杀菌剂对猕猴桃溃疡病的防治效果,采用平板菌落计数法对22种杀菌剂进行室内毒力测定。结果表明：0.2%纳米银溶液、0.3%四霉素水剂、3%噻霉酮水分散粒剂、20%溴硝醇可湿性粉剂、72%硫酸链霉素可溶粉剂、78%波尔?锰锌可湿性粉剂对溃疡病菌有很好的抑制作用,EC50分别为0.0865、0.0928、1.1044、2.2965、3.6714和5.228 mg/l;20%甲磺酰菌唑可湿性粉剂、99.8%硝酸银、3%中生菌素可湿性粉剂和80%乙蒜素乳油对病菌具有一定的抑菌作用,EC50分别为11.416、13.981、16.9523和20.1025mg/l。选用5种抑菌效果较好的药剂进行田间药效试验,试验结果表明0.3%四霉素水剂效果最好,平均防效为71.06%;其次为72%硫酸链霉素可溶粉剂、0.2%纳米银溶液、3%噻霉酮水分散粒剂,平均防效分别为70.39%、63.31%、53.78%;而20%溴硝醇可湿性粉剂的防效较差,平均防效为44.80%;此研究为修文猕猴桃溃疡病的科学防治提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

8.
猕猴桃叶片受褐斑病为害 ,常导致叶缘卷曲 ,叶片枯萎脱落。后期病害转向枝干 ,造成落果及枝干枯死 ,严重影响猕猴桃的产量和品质。笔者 2 0 0 0年进行了几种常用杀菌剂防治叶片褐斑病的试验。试验地位于武义县王宅镇山里村猕猴桃基地 ,品种为8年生海沃德 ,株行距 4ｍ× 4ｍ。供试药剂为 5 0 %多·霉威可湿性粉剂 (河北保定市化工八厂 ) ,80 %大生Ｍ 4 5可湿性粉剂 (美国罗门哈斯公司 ) ,70 %甲基托布津可湿性粉剂 (日本曹达株式会社 ) ,5 0 %多菌灵可湿性粉剂 (江苏江阴农药厂 )和 2 5 %甲霜灵可湿性粉剂 (江苏南通染化厂 ) ,浓度均为 10 0 …  相似文献   

9.
已报道的桑褐斑病的病原真菌有桑粘隔孢(Septogloeum mori Briosi et Cavara)和桑褐斑壳丰孢[Phloeospora maculans(Bereng.)Allesch]两种。在云南省不同蚕区选择感染桑褐斑病的桑树分离病原菌株,以待测病原菌株的基因组DNA为模板,采用真菌通用引物ITS1和ITS4扩增各菌株的r DNA-ITS序列。对菌株PCR产物测序后比对Gen Bank数据库中已提交桑褐斑病病原菌的r DNA-ITS同源序列,应用MEGA5.2软件和Neighbor-Joining法,分别计算遗传距离及构建系统发育进化树分析亲缘关系。结果表明,从云南省不同蚕区感病桑树分离的桑褐斑病病原菌r DNA-ITS序列与Gen Bank中登录桑褐斑壳丰孢P.maculans的r DNA-ITS序列(登录号:GU214670.1)、桑球腔菌[Mycosphaerella mori(Fckl.)Wolf]r DNA-ITS序列(登录号:AB435069.1)的遗传距离很近,序列相似度达99%以上,聚为同一分支,其中编号BS、DY、ML、QJ的菌株与来自印度的桑球腔菌的序列相似度达到100%。由此认为,引起云南蚕区桑褐斑病的病原真菌为桑褐斑壳丰孢Phloeospora maculans,有性态为桑球腔菌Mycosphaerella mori。  相似文献   

10.
为了测定不同化学杀菌剂对香蕉灰纹病的毒力,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了9种杀菌剂对3株香蕉灰纹病菌的抑制效果。结果表明,80%多菌灵可湿性粉剂（WP）和12.5%氟环唑悬浮剂（SC）毒力最强,平均EC50值均小于1 mg/L;25%丙环唑乳油（EC）、37%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂（WG）、20%戊唑醇乳油（EC）和50%甲基硫菌灵悬浮剂（SC）次之,平均EC50值在1～3 mg/L之间;80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂（WP）和24%腈苯唑悬浮剂（SC）毒力一般,平均EC50值在9～20 mg/L之间;40%百菌清悬浮剂（SC）毒力最弱,平均EC50值为46.572 4 mg/L。80%多菌灵WP、12.5%氟环唑SC、25%丙环唑EC、37%苯醚甲环唑WG、20%戊唑醇EC和50%甲基硫菌灵SC可有效抑制香蕉灰纹病菌菌丝生长,可进一步用于田间试验。  相似文献   

11.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

12.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

13.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

14.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

15.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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16.
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.  相似文献   

17.
Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein  相似文献   

18.
A knowledge of the microbiological status of milk and of the different structures in the mammary glands has great importance in elucidating the pathogenesis of mammary gland infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological status of various structures in the mammary glands from naturally infected dairy cows following slaughter. A total of 94 samples of milk, 184 samples of mammary parenchyma, 168 samples of gland cisterns, and 168 samples of teat cisterns were collected for microbiological examination. Microorganisms were detected in 59.9% of all samples, 67.0% of the milk samples, 70.1% of the mammary parenchymas, 55.9% of the gland cisterns and 48.8% of the teat cistern samples. When all samples were considered, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were the most prevalent (35.7%) followed by coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (12.2%), Corynebacterium bovis (2.4%), Prototheca sp. (1.9%), and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1.5%). There was a significantly higher occurrence of microorganisms in the milk and mammary parenchyma compared to the gland cisterns and teat cisterns. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

19.
Four grass plots were sequentially contaminated with goat faeces containing known numbers of unembryonated eggs of predominantly Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. between October 1982 and April 1983. Four other plots were similarly contaminated with sheep faeces between February and May 1987. An additional plot was repeatedly contaminated with sheep faeces from February to April 1987. Populations of free-living stages in faeces and of infective larvae (L3) in the herbage were subsequently monitored until the end of April and June of 1983 and 1987 respectively. During February and May 1987 two control cultures of sheep faeces were incubated in the laboratory at 25°C–30°C and at a constant temperature of 50°C and the free-living development was also monitored. L3 developed very readily in the faeces cultured at 25°C–30°C and in those spread on a grass plot in October, at the end of the wet season, but developed less on the plot contaminated in May at the start of the wet season. Worm eggs in faeces deposited on plots during the hot dry season (December to April) or incubated at 50°C died and disintegrated after 24–48 h exposure to the high environmental temperatures. The results indicate that it is unlikely that gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats can develop or survive on open pasture during the dry season in the Nigerian derived savanna zone.  相似文献   

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