首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 359 毫秒
1.
锦江河地处喀斯特山区贵州省铜仁市,该河流水质清澈,大型水生植物丰富,水生生态保持较好。2013年8-12月,对锦江河的水生植物群落及其物种多样性进行了初步调查。结果显示:锦江河中有水生植物10科13属16种,其中轮叶黑藻Hydrilla verticillata、穗状狐尾藻Myriophyllum spicatum、竹叶眼子菜Potamoton malaianus、喜旱莲子草Alternanthera philoxeroides为优势种。就优势种而言,其生物量轮叶黑藻达到354.45g/m2、穗状狐尾藻达到337.23g/m2、竹叶眼子菜达到240.15g/m2;喜旱莲子草达到227.94g/m2。丰富的大型水生植物使锦江河的水生生态保持在良好的水平。  相似文献   

2.
为研究岩溶地下河沉水植物分布、群落组成及生境对群落结构的影响,2013年7-8月,对寨底地下河沉水植物分布及群落多样性进行了调查,并结合全年水质监测数据,分析了生境对沉水植物群落多样性分布的影响。结果表明,寨底地下河出口共有沉水植物4科、6属、8种;优势种为苦草(Vallisneria natans)、靖西海菜花(Ottelia acuminata var.jingxiensis)、竹叶眼子菜(Potamogeton wrightii)和黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata),优势度分别为33.87%、23.10%、19.06%和12.50%,其中苦草为第一优势种。河道基质是制约沉水植物多样性分布的重要因素,砂石基质处沉水植物为种类单一的海菜花群落;泥沙混合处沉水物种组成比较丰富,海菜花、黑藻、竹叶眼子菜、苦草等形成共优势群落。岩溶水高Ca2+和HCO-3环境为沉水植物光合作用提供了丰富的矿物质元素及光合作用碳源。研究结果可为寨底地下河岩溶水生生态系统中沉水植物碳汇效应提供理论支持。  相似文献   

3.
喀斯特山区花溪河大型水生植物资源的初步研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
花溪河地处喀斯特山区贵州省贵阳市郊,该河流水质清澈,大型水生植物丰富,水生生态保持较好.20年9～10月,对花溪河的水生植物群落及其物种多样性进行了初步调查.结果显示:花溪河中有水生植物11科15种,其中苦草(Vallisneria spiralis)、马来眼子菜(Potamogeton,malaianus)、水车前(Ottelia alismoides)、轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)、五针金鱼藻(Ceratophyllurn oryzetorum)、空心莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)和石菖蒲(Acorus gramineus)为优势种群.就优势种生物量而言,苦草达到370.50 g/m2、马来眼子菜达到478.00g/m2、水车前达到191.10 g/m2.茂盛的大型水生植物使花溪河的水生生态保持在良好的水平.  相似文献   

4.
洪泽湖水生植物被现状及过去50多年的变化特征研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
2007～2008年对洪泽湖水生植物的种群、分布、生物量等进行了1次全湖调查和4次补充调查。结果表明,洪泽湖现有水生植物15科25种,马来眼子菜、芦苇、荇菜为优势种;共有5个主要的植被类型,分别是芦苇群丛、荇菜群丛、马来眼子菜群丛、荇菜+马来眼子菜群丛、荇菜+苦草群丛;植物在整个水域的分布表现为沿湖岸向湖心3.5km范围内呈明显带状分布格局,但在此范围外的水域,分布格局呈不规则的斑块状;水生植物生物量和多样性与TN呈负相关关系。从1953年三河闸建成以来,水生植物种类减少,种群开始向单一化发展,某些对水质敏感的种类逐渐减少甚至消失;1993～2008年,洪泽湖水生植被面积减少375.16km2;水利工程修建、营养负荷增加和围网养殖过度发展是导致水生植物种群变化的最主要因素。  相似文献   

5.
鉴于湖泊内源污染不断加重,出现了较多以铝（Al）、铁（Fe）、钙（Ca）、镧（La）盐等化学材料为主的湖泊底质环境改善方法,但大规模应用受长期控磷效率、生物毒性和使用成本等因素限制。2014年8月至2015年7月,在洱海近岸水域设置围隔开展原位试验,采用洱海本地无污染红壤对底质进行浅层覆盖改性,探究此方法对水质及沉水植物的影响。试验设置3个不同处理组,分别为对照组（Control）、红壤覆盖组(S)以及红壤覆盖+沉水植物组(MS),每组处理4个重复,逐月监测各围隔内水质和沉水植物生长情况。结果表明,采用红壤对底泥进行改性,可以短期提高水体的透明度,为沉水植物生长创造良好条件,促进移栽沉水植物的生长与建群,在某些时段可以改善水质（透明度最高达2.2 m）,但红壤覆盖措施并没有长期显著降低水体中的总氮、总磷和藻类的含量(P>0.05)。全年水生植物物种保持在7种左右,群落主要由黑藻（Hydrilla verticillat）、篦齿眼子菜（Potamogeton pectinatus）、单果眼子菜（P. acutifolius）、金鱼藻（Ceratophyllum demersum）、狐尾藻（Myriophyllum spicatum）、苦草（Vallisneria natans）和微齿眼子菜（P. maackianus）组成,生物量也在不断增加,最高达18000 g/m2,群落稳定后优势种为黑藻。研究结果可以为富营养化湖泊生态修复短期水质危机处理提供借鉴,为沉水植物群落恢复提供可探索的方向。  相似文献   

6.
河蟹是一种杂食性很强的水生甲壳动物,喜食多种水生植物。从植物学角度可将这些植物分为五大类,即挺水植物、沉水植物、浮叶植物、浮水植物和浮游植物。挺水植物其植株基部或下部沉没水中,上部挺出水面,如芦苇、水莎草、水芹等;沉水植物其植株全部沉没于水中(开花期花和少部分茎叶挺出水面),如各种眼子菜、狸藻、苦草  相似文献   

7.
水生植物对污染水体氮磷的净化效果研究   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  
为了研究水生植物对污染水体的净化效果,以5种水生植物作为研究对象,包括金边石菖蒲(Phnom penh acorus tatarinowii)、香菇草（Hydrocotyle vulgaris）、穗状狐尾藻（Myrtophllum spicatum）、金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)、眼子菜（Potamogeton distinctus）,在人工气候室中,利用水培法,研究了其对污染水体的净化效果。试验结果表明：试验水生植物对污染水体具有很好的净化效果,可以作为净水植物,其中金边石菖蒲和香菇草的去氮效果较好,金鱼藻、穗状狐尾藻和香菇草对磷的去除效果非常好;经过七周的试验后,试验水生植物金边石菖蒲、香菇草、穗状狐尾藻、金鱼藻和眼子菜对总氮的去除率分别为86.22 %、91.13 %、79.69 %、83.17 %和65.51 %,对总磷的去除率分别为87.94 %、92.09 %、92.61 %、95.20 %和85.87 %;水生植物对污染水体磷的去除效果比氮好,速度也比较快。因此,可以把这几种水生植物作为人工湿地的首选植物。为人工湿地植物选择和降低污水水体营养盐水平提供科学依据。  相似文献   

8.
鉴于湖泊内源污染不断加重,出现了较多以铝(Al)、铁(Fe)、钙(Ca)、镧(La)盐等化学絮凝材料为主的湖泊底质环境改善方法,但大规模应用受长期控磷效率、生物毒性和使用成本等因素限制;天然粘土、红土和石英砂等材料由于廉价无污染、环境友好等特性,其用于改善湖泊水体环境和控制底泥磷释放越来越受到重视。2014年8月至2015年7月,在洱海近岸水域设置围隔开展原位试验,采用洱海本地无污染红壤对底质进行浅层覆盖改性,探究此方法对水质及沉水植物的影响。试验设置3个不同处理组,分别为对照组(CK)、红壤覆盖组(S)以及红壤覆盖+沉水植物组(MS),每组处理4个重复,逐月监测各围隔内水质和沉水植物生长情况。结果表明,采用红壤对底泥进行改性,可以短期提高水体透明度,为沉水植物生长创造良好条件,促进移栽沉水植物的生长与建群,在某些时段可以改善水质(透明度最高达2.2 m),但红壤覆盖措施并没有长期显著降低水体中的总氮、总磷和藻类的含量(P0.05)。全年水生植物保持在7种左右,群落主要由黑藻(Hydrilla verticillat)、篦齿眼子菜(Potamogeton pectinatus)、单果眼子菜(P.acutifolius)、金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)、狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)、苦草(Vallisneria natans)和微齿眼子菜(P.maackianus)组成,生物量也在不断增加,最高达18 000 g/m~2,群落稳定后的优势种为黑藻。研究结果可以为富营养化湖泊生态修复短期水质危机处理提供借鉴,为沉水植物群落恢复提供可探索的方向。  相似文献   

9.
“蟹大小,看水草”,水草在河蟹养殖中具有以下几个作用：1．作为河蟹天然饵料。许多种类水草是河蟹良好的植物性饵料,如：苦草、眼子菜、轮叶黑藻、金鱼藻、浮萍等。另外,水草多的地方,各种水生昆虫、小鱼虾、螺蚌现类及其他底栖生物数量也较多,这些又是河蟹可口的动物性  相似文献   

10.
团头鲂俗称武昌鱼、团头鳊,属鲤形目、鲤科、鲌亚科、鲂属,属长江中下游湖泊特有品种,生活在水体中上层,为草食性鱼类,在天然水体中,主要摄食苦草、轮叶黑藻、眼子菜、菹草等水草和植物腐屑。团头鲂肉质细嫩,含肉率,高营养丰富,深受群众青睐。  相似文献   

11.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

12.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

13.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

14.
  相似文献   

15.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

16.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

17.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

18.
Plasma estradiol-17 (E2), testosterone (T), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and 17,20,21-tri-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops) that were induced to undergo final oocyte maturation (FOM) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Plasma DHP levels increased in females of both species in association with oocyte germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and decreased thereafter. Plasma 20-S levels also increased with oocyte GVM in white bass, but were several-fold lower than DHP levels. Circulating E2 and T levels were greatest during GVM and GVBD in both species and decreased to low levels during oocyte hydration and ovulation. Follicles from white perch and white bass which received a priming injection of hCG in vivo, produced both DHP and 20-S in vitro after exposure to hCG and their oocytes underwent GVBD. Ovarian incubates from unprimed fish of either species produced only E2 and T and their oocytes did not complete GVBD. Oocytes from unprimed bass, but not perch, matured when follicles were exposed to hCG in vitro. Both trilostane and cycloheximide blocked in vitro production of DHP and 20-S and oocyte GVBD by white perch follices. DHP and 20-S were equipotent inducers of FOM in the GVBD bioassay. None of several other structurally-related steroids tested were effective within a physiological range of concentrations. These results indicate a role for DHP and 20-S in the control of FOM in white perch and white bass.  相似文献   

19.
Changes in heart rate, ventilatory activity and oxygen consumption were determined in trout (Salmo gairdneri) and brown bullhead catfish (Ictalurus nebulosus) during exposure to a steadily increasing concentration of waterborne cyanide selected to produce death in 8–9 hours for each species. The lethal cyanide concentration for the bullheads was an order of magnitude higher than for trout. Trout developed an immediate and gradually increasing bradycardia throughout the exposure period. Cyanide produced tachycardia in the bullhead followed by a gradual onset of bradycardia as the concentration of cyanide was raised. Pericardial injection of atropine (a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist) indicated that bradycardia in the trout was due initially to increased vagal tone but later due to the direct effect of cyanide on the heart. Hyperventilation in the trout persisted throughout the exposure period, although the rate and amplitude fluctuated and was variable between individual fish. During the last hour of exposure (highest cyanide concentration), ventilation was characterized by rapid, shallow breaths followed by a sudden respiratory arrest. The bullheads exhibited hyperventilation during the first 3 hours of exposure followed by a gradual, linear drop in ventilation rate and amplitude until death occurred. Cardiac and ventilatory responses in both species were attributed to stimulation of central and peripheral chemoreceptors by cyanide. Evidence is presented which suggests the initial response in the bullheads was due, at least in part, to gustatory stimulation by the cyanide. Oxygen consumption of the trout remained above pre-exposure levels for the majority of the test period. Oxygen consumption in the bullhead paralleled the changes in heart and ventilatory rates. Whole-body lactate levels of fingerlings of both species during cyanide exposure were measured to estimate the extent of anaerobiosis. Whole-body lactate levels were much greater in the bullheads than the trout, indicating a higher capacity for anaerobiosis, possibly due to a greater fuel supply. Overall, the trout responded to cyanide in a manner similar to that produced by environmental hypoxia whereas the bullheads experienced a gustatory stimulus which masked the hypoxia-like response.  相似文献   

20.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号