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试验研究红曲霉合生素对延边黄牛瘤胃内环境的影响。选择6只安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年延边黄牛母牛为试验动物[(325±25)kg],采用3×3完全拉丁方设计试验。分别测定瘤胃液pH值、纤毛虫数、NH3-N浓度和BCP浓度。试验结果表明:采食后各组pH值无显著影响(P0.05)。瘤胃内NH3-N浓度均处于合成瘤胃微生物的最佳浓度范围内,红曲霉+中药组与对照组、红曲霉组相比差异显著(P0.05)。6h纤毛虫数量对照组显著高于红曲酶组和红曲酶+中药组(P0.05)。其它时间差异不显著。红曲霉+中药组BCP含量显著高于其它两组(P0.05)。说明红曲霉+中药组有提高延边黄牛瘤胃微生物合成的作用,因而可促进瘤胃内养分消化代谢。 相似文献
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本实验研究红曲霉与中药合生素对延边黄牛瘤胃内环境的影响。选择3只安有永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年延边黄牛母牛为试验动物(315±30kg),采用3×3完全拉丁方设计试验。分别测定瘤胃液PH值、纤毛虫数、NH3-N浓度、和微生物蛋白质(BCP)浓度。试验结果表明:采食后各组pH值无显著影响(p0.05)。瘤胃内NH3-N浓度均处于合成瘤胃微生物的最佳浓度范围内,红曲霉+中药组与对照组、红曲霉组相比差异显著(P0.05)。6h纤毛虫数量对照组显著高于红曲酶组和红曲酶+中药组(p0.05)。其他时间差异不显著。红曲霉加中药组BCP含量显著高于其他两组(p0.05)。说明红曲霉加中药组中的信息有提高延边黄牛瘤胃微生物合成的作用,因而可促进瘤胃内养分消化代谢。 相似文献
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试验以3头年龄相同、平均体重为(650±20)kg、处于同一泌乳期且装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物,采用3×3拉丁方设计,探讨日粮中添加不同的植物油(日粮脂肪含量均为6.5%)对奶牛瘤胃内纤毛虫数量、pH值、NH3-N浓度、菌体蛋白浓度及挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度动态变化的影响。3种植物油分别为葵花油、胡麻油、菜籽油。试验结果表明:日粮中添加不同的植物油,瘤胃液纤毛虫数量动态变化的影响差异不显著(P>0.05),其平均值依次为(7.70,9.26,9.22)×105个/mL;对瘤胃液pH值动态变化的影响差异不显著(P>0.05),其平均值依次为6.16,6.21,6.15,均在瘤胃发酵的正常范围之内;瘤胃液NH3-N浓度动态变化3组之间差异不显著(P>0.05),其平均值依次为14.98,16.45,16.48 mg/100 mL;对菌体蛋白浓度的影响差异不显著(P>0.05),依次为85.17,89.83,78.87 mg/100mL。对VFA浓度的影响差异不显著(P>0.05)。 相似文献
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探讨小花棘豆对和田羊瘤胃微生物区系的影响,进一步揭示小花棘豆的毒性作用机理。将12只和田羊随机分为3组,即对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组。试验组分别按10g/kg和20g/kg的剂量饲喂小花棘豆,至典型临床症状出现为止。攻毒前及攻毒后每隔7d取瘤胃液,检测瘤胃液中微生物数量的变化。结果显示,与正常对照相比,试验羊瘤胃液中总细菌数、白色瘤胃球菌数、黄化瘤胃球菌数、纤毛虫数、内毛虫数和双毛虫数极显著下降（P〈0.01）,并与小花棘豆中毒呈现较强的相关性;而瘤胃液中厌氧真菌数、产琥珀酸拟杆菌数和等毛虫数与小花棘豆中毒无明显相关性。结果表明,小花棘豆中毒可显著影响和田羊瘤胃纤维素分解菌和纤毛虫数量,且具有一定的时间效应和剂量效应关系。 相似文献
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灌注果寡糖对生长绵羊瘤胃发酵功能的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用营养灌注技术研究了果寡糖对生长绵羊瘤胃发酵功能的影响。试验选取6只安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古半细毛羯羊，随机分为两组，试验组一灌注1．00％果寡糖，试验组二灌注2．00％果寡糖。结果表明：灌注果寡糖可以显著（P〈0．05）降低试羊的瘤胃液相pH和瘤胃内的NH3-N浓度，显著提高（P〈0．05）瘤胃内的VFA含量和MCP含量。两个灌注水平都可以提高生长绵羊的瘤胃发酵功能。但2．00％的灌注水平仅在瘤胃NH3-N浓度的降幅方面比1．00％的灌注水平显著增大（P〈0．05），在对瘤胃液相pH值、VFA含量和MCP含量的影响方面两个灌注水平没有显著差异（P〉0．05）。 相似文献
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为了研究复合营养舔砖对瘤胃酶活性及消化代谢的影响,选用4头装有永久瘤胃瘘管的公牛(丹麦红牛公与闽南黄牛母的杂种一代),采用反转试验设计,对瘤胃内pH值、氨态氮(NH3-N)和瘤胃液中纤维素酶、蛋白水解酶的活性进行测定。研究表明:(1)饲喂舔砖后,瘤胃液pH值在短时间内下降,随后又缓慢升高。pH值波动幅度较大,这与复合营养舔砖的蛋白降解率较高有关。(2)舔砖对瘤胃内NH3-N浓度有较大影响,舔砖的粗蛋白含量高达38.7%,产生的NH3-N浓度比对照组高且差异显著。(3)舔砖对瘤胃液蛋白水解酶和纤维素酶的活性没有显著影响,这表明每头饲喂500g/d舔砖对牛的消化代谢功能不会产生不良影响。 相似文献
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添加烟酸条件下绵羊瘤胃发酵底物降解动力学变化特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
试验用瘤胃液来自3只安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的绵羊,饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮.通过体外试验,添加450 mg/kg烟酸,测定在不同培养时间内培养液中NH3-N浓度、瘤胃细菌N产量、原虫数量、总VFA量及乙酸、丙酸、丁酸产量和乙酸/丙酸值的降解动力学特征.结果表明:添加烟酸可提高培养液NH3-N利用率;培养液中细菌N、原虫数、总VFA量及乙酸、丙酸、丁酸产量随采样时间变化而呈不同的动力学变化趋势;但乙酸/丙酸值则不受采样时间变化的影响,与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05). 相似文献
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在完全营养液条件下,采用砂培法,研究了2种氮素形态(NO-3-N,NH+4-N)和5个氮素水平(0、105、210、315、420mg/L)对紫花苜蓿品种"甘农3号"和"陇东苜蓿"幼苗各部位氮含量的影响。结果表明:施氮处理下各部位NO-3-N含量、NH+4-N含量和全氮含量均显著高于CK(P0.05)。"甘农3号"和"陇东苜蓿"2个品种的各部位氮含量变化一致,均随施氮水平的升高呈先增加后降低的趋势,但峰值表现不一。同一氮素形态及水平下,不同部位NO-3-N、NH+4-N及全氮含量表现为:叶根茎。"甘农3号"在NO-3-210处理下叶、茎、根中NO-3-N含量最优,分别为490,385和463μg/g;"陇东苜蓿"分别为473,355和447μg/g。"甘农3号"在NH+4-210处理下叶、茎、根中NH+4-N含量最优,分别为212,182和194μg/g;"陇东苜蓿"茎和根中含量分别为177μg/g、178μg/g,叶却在NH+4-315处理最大,为189μg/g。"甘农3号"在NH+4-315处理下叶、茎、根中全氮含量最优,分别为4.25%,1.7%和3.47%;"陇东苜蓿"叶和根中含量分别为4.01%、3.08%,茎却在NH+4-210处理最大,为2.33%。对于同一部位除"陇东苜蓿"茎全氮含量高于"甘农3号"外,其他部位的NO-3-N、NH+4-N和全氮含量均表现为"甘农3号"优于"陇东苜蓿"。 相似文献
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以3只瘘管山羊作为瘤胃液供体,用体外法研究不同底物对瘤胃发酵及瘤胃微生物的影响。底物设计:可溶性淀粉/滤纸纤维(NSC/SC):100∶0,70∶30,50∶50,30∶70,0∶100。结果表明:在NSC/SC的比例为30∶70组微生物产量和纤维素降解率最高,瘤胃液中的NH3-N浓度最低,发酵状态最佳;原虫与细菌的比例,总体上有随NSC/SC下降先成上升后降低的趋势,在NSC/SC的比例为50∶50组达到最高峰。细菌16srRNA的V3可变区PCR-SSCP各组图谱反映了细菌类群内部种属因底物的改变而发生了应变。原虫显微观察结果表明随NSC/SC下降,内毛属与等毛虫原虫的比例下降,而双毛属与头毛亚科原虫的比例增加,即原虫类群内部种属也对底物变化的产生应变。不同淀粉与纤维素比例水平底物不仅影响了瘤胃发酵也影响了瘤胃微生物的群系特征。[动物营养学报,2007,19(6):654-662] 相似文献
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Factors limiting the maintenance of recombinant ruminal bacterium in the rumen were evaluated in vitro , using batch culture prepared from rumen fluid of sheep. Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens expressing a foreign xylanase gene ( B. fibrisolvens NO4) was used as a tested recombinant that was selectable on an erythromycin-containing agar medium. The recombinant tended to reduce its level slowly in the rumen fluid of sheep on a high hay diet, while its initial decrease was more apparent in the rumen fluid of sheep on a high concentrate diet. Incubation with cell-free ruminal fluid revealed a significant decrease of inoculated recombinant, suggesting the presence of antibacterial factors limiting maintenance of the recombinant. In particular, during the first 12 h of incubation this inhibition was more notable in culture prepared from rumen fluid of sheep given the high concentrate diet. Autoclaving the cell-free rumen fluid inactivated the inhibition. Numbers of the recombinant for inoculation did not influence the final level of survived recombinant, that is, the initial depression was larger as more recombinant was inoculated. Subculturing with xylan before inoculation and/or direct addition of xylan to the batch culture did not improve survival of the recombinant. From these results it is suggested that the level of survived recombinant is limited to 102–4 /mL of in vitro batch culture with restricted energy supply and that initial depression of the recombinant is mainly caused by the heat-sensitive antibacterial factors not associating with microbial cells in the rumen. 相似文献
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《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2017,(3)
Background: Original rumen digesta, rumen liquid and solid fractions have been frequently used to assess the rumen bacterial community. However, bacterial profiles in rumen original digesta, liquid and solid fractions vary from each other and need to be better established.Methods: To compare bacterial profiles in each fraction, samples of rumen digesta from six cows fed either a high fiber diet(HFD) or a high energy diet(HED) were collected via rumen fistulas. Rumen digesta was then squeezed through four layers of cheesecloth to separate liquid and solid fractions. The bacterial profiles of rumen original digesta, liquid and solid fractions were analyzed with High-throughput sequencing technique.Results: Rumen bacterial diversity was mainly affected by diet and individual cow(P 0.05) rather than rumen fraction. Bias distributed bacteria were observed in solid and liquid fractions of rumen content using Venn diagram and LEf Se analysis. Fifteen out of 16 detected biomarkers(using LEf Se analysis) were found in liquid fraction, and these 15 biomarkers contributed the most to the bacterial differences among rumen content fractions.Conclusions: Similar results were found when using samples of original rumen digesta, rumen liquid or solid fractions to assess diversity of rumen bacteria; however, more attention should be draw onto bias distributed bacteria in different ruminal fractions, especially when liquid fraction has been used as a representative sample for rumen bacterial study. 相似文献
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The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of nisin and monensin on rumen fermentation of diets containing hay and barley (80:20%) in artificial rumen (Rusitec system). The Rusitec system consisted of four fermentation vessels (V1, V2, V3, V4): V1 was without additives (control), V2 received daily 2 mg of nisin, V3 involved 5 mg of monensin and V4 combination of 2 mg of nisin with 5 mg of monensin. After an adaptation period (7 days), the fermentation parameters were determined for six consecutive days. Compared to control diet, the addition of nisin resulted in an increase (P < 0.05) of hemicellulose degradation, acetate, propionate (mmol.day-1) production and energetic efficiency of VFA (E), decrease of butyrate production. Nisin had no effect on dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), cellulose and detergent fiber degradation, production of total gas, methane and efficiency of microbial synthesis. The addition of monensin resulted in an decrease of DM, OM (P < 0.05), cellulose, hemicellulose, detergent fiber degradation (P < 0.001), total gas, methane and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) production. Monensin also significantly decreased acetate, butyrate, L-lactate (mmol.day-1) production and it increased propionate production (P > 0.001) and efficiency of microbial synthesis. The combined effect of nisin and monensin in V4 was similar to the effect of monensin in V3 compared to control. Then, the effect of additive monensin was dominant over nisin. In conclusion, our results indicate that nisin was less effective than monensin on some fermentation parameters (important for the improvement of the efficiency of utilization of the diet by ruminants) in artificial rumen. 相似文献
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瘤胃作为反刍动物体内的饲料加工厂,其内环境稳定和微生物区系的平衡影响着动物对饲料的利用,日粮精粗比的改变影响瘤胃内环境稳态以及微生物区系组成,从而影响反刍动物的生产效率。本文综述了日粮精粗比影响瘤胃pH、NH3-N浓度、VFA浓度和瘤胃微生物区系组成的研究进展,为在生产实践中提高反刍动物生产效率提供理论依据。 相似文献
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过瘤胃蛋白是反刍动物吸收氨基酸的重要来源,降低蛋白质在瘤胃内的降解率能提高动物的生产性能,改善氮的利用,增加氮的沉积,从而提高优质蛋白质饲料的利用率。国内外对过瘤胃蛋白做了大量的研究,包括各种化学方法、热处理方法和物理包被,以及最有推广应用价值的戊糖加热复合保护处理法。 相似文献
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