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1.
不同林龄柚木人工林心边材生长变异特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】探明广西大青山林区不同林龄柚木人工林心、边材量及心材年轮数和心材高度的生长变异特征,以期为了解该区域柚木心边材发育特征、心边材量预测及高质量、大径级柚木目标树的高效培育提供基础数据和科学依据。【方法】以广西大青山10、18、31和41年生柚木人工林平均木的解析木为研究对象,对心、边材的方位变异和心、边材量的株间差异进行方差分析,并采用曲线估计法拟合心、边材量与横截面直径、总年轮数之间的回归模型,研究柚木心、边材生长变异特征。【结果】各林龄柚木树干心材半径主要为北向最大,边材宽度则主要为北向和东向最大,各林龄内,树干4个方位的心材半径、边材宽度均无显著差异(P0. 05)。各林龄柚木心材半径、心材面积和边材面积均表现为随树高增加持续减小,边材宽度在树干基部(0～1 m)明显偏大,且在树干一定区域内保持相对稳定。林分心、边材量总体表现为随林龄增加而增大,不同林龄林分间除边材宽度差异不显著外(P0. 05),心材半径、心材面积和边材面积均存在极显著差异(P0. 01)。横截面心、边材量随横截面直径和总年轮数的增加而增加,其中与横截面直径的相关性高于总年轮数,而总年轮数对心材发育早期影响较大。各林龄内,柚木个体的心边材量、心材消失最大高度存在较大的株间变异,其中,心材面积和边材面积的变异程度相近,心材半径、边材宽度和心材消失最大高度的变异程度相近。柚木最早在4年生时开始有心材形成,不同林龄的心材年轮数均表现为随总年轮数增加而增加,总年轮数可解释心材年轮数80%以上的变化,10、18、31和41年生柚木心材年轮数年均增长速率分别为0. 9轮、0. 7轮、1. 0轮和1. 0轮。柚木心材消失最大高度、心材消失的相对高度均与林龄呈正相关关系,即随着林龄的增大,心材在树干更高处消失。【结论】柚木心材形成初始年龄最早为4年生,属心材形成较早的树种。各林龄内,方位对柚木心、边材影响较小。柚木的心材半径、心材面积、边材面积和心材消失最大高度,均表现随林龄增加而显著增加,而边材宽度无显著变化。柚木横截面直径可以更好地解释横截面心、边材量的变化,总年轮数仅能解释柚木前期(31年生)心材量的变化。研究认为41年生柚木心材仍有很大增长潜力,若要达到高质量、大径级的培育目标,还需要更长时间的培育。 相似文献
2.
兴安落叶松边材心材生长特征的种源效应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以生长在相同环境条件下的7个代表不同气候地理条件(7个种源:塔河、满归、根河、新林、三站、乌伊岭、鹤北)的26年生兴安落叶松为对象,比较不同种源树木的边材/心材生长和异速生长关系,探索种源地气候条件对边材/心材生长特征的影响.结果表明:胸径(DBH)、边材宽度(SW)、边材面积(SA)、心材半径(HR)、平均边材生长速率(MSGR)等生长特征参数的种源间差异显著,其中最南种源地鹤北的生长特征参数的平均值最大,三站的平均值最小.种源也显著地影响SA、心材面积(HA)与MSGR的关系,但对其生长特征参数与DBH的异速生长关系和心边材比率(HSR)没有显著影响.SW,HR,HSR和MSGR分别与DBH呈极显著的线性关系,而SA和HA与DBH则呈极显著的幂函数关系.除了三站种源之外,种源地的年均温和年降水量都显著地影响兴安落叶松的SA和MSGR.兴安落叶松边材/心材生长特征因长期适应不同种源地的温度和降水等环境条件而发生了显著变化,这种变化主要是通过生长速率差异而不是改变其生长格局实现的. 相似文献
3.
以山西朔州地区的人工林小黑杨为研究材料,研究不同栽植密度(2 m×5 m、4 m×5 m、4 m×10 m)对小黑杨边材、湿心材生长量的影响.结果表明:不同栽植密度间边材年轮数差异不显著,而湿心材年轮数差异显著;栽植密度对边材宽度影响不大,而对湿心材宽度影响达极显著水平;对边材面积和湿心材面积影响均达极显著水平.随着栽植密度的减小,小黑杨边材、湿心材宽度及面积均呈增加趋势,但湿心材增加得更快.湿心材比例为60%～68%,且随着栽植密度的减小而增大.总体而言,栽植密度对小黑杨边材、湿心材生长量有不同程度的影响,且对湿心材生长量影响较大. 相似文献
4.
为探究国产柚木抽提物对心材和边材颜色差异的影响,采用3种沸程的石油醚溶液分别对国产柚木的心材与边材进行抽提处理,利用气相色谱-质谱法分析抽提液的成分和含量,并以差异较大的抽提物溶液处理柚木边材,通过色度学参数表征柚木边材的变色情况,从而验证影响柚木心材和边材颜色的主要抽提物成分。结果表明:在3种沸程的石油醚抽提液中,柚木心材抽提物在成分种类数量和含量上均显著高于边材;不同沸程的石油醚对柚木心、边材中抽提物成分有一定的影响,其中30~60℃(低沸程)和60~90℃(中沸程)石油醚抽提物成分和含量的差异较小,而90~120℃(高沸程)石油醚抽提物的含量较高,约为中、低沸程抽提物含量的2倍;柚木心材抽提液中酚类、醌类、烯烃类物质的含量较多,但这些物质在边材中含量极低;4-叔丁基-2-苯基苯酚、2-甲基蒽醌(柚木醌)、全反式三十碳六烯(角鲨烯)是柚木心、边材抽提物含量差异最明显的物质。经角鲨烯溶液处理后的柚木边材表面颜色变黄,更接近心材颜色,因此,角鲨烯是导致柚木心边材颜色差异的重要抽提物成分。 相似文献
5.
油松心边材量及年轮数的变异特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在太行山石灰岩区4个林龄与密度不同的油松人工林内选取40株样木,用联苯胺染色法对其上截取的350个圆盘的心、边材进行区分.在此基础上,对心、边材量及年轮数的变异进行分析.结果表明:树干4个方位的心、边材量无显著差异性(P＞0.05);边材宽度在距基部0.50～1.00 m以上到距树梢2.46～3.22 m以下相对恒定,而心材半径、心材面积与边材宽度随树高增加持续减小,横截面直径较好地解释了心、边材量的轴向变异;心、边材量的株间变异很大,胸径对此变异的解释能力高于其他树木变量;4个林分的心、边材量存在显著差异性(P＜0.05),林分尺度的心、边材量与林分生长水平及林龄的变化趋势一致;油松心材的起始形成层年龄为13年,心材年轮数随形成层年龄而增加,后者可解释前者变异的97.9%;形成层年龄为40年与60年时,心材年轮数的增长率分别为0.5年轮·a~(-1)与0.7年轮·a~(-1).研究认为用林分调查因子预测油松心、边材量及心材年轮数的变异是可行的. 相似文献
6.
东北主要树种心材与边材的生长特征 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
以东北东部山区温带森林的7个主要组成树种--红松、兴安落叶松、春榆、水曲柳、胡桃楸、黄菠萝和蒙古栎为研究对象,比较分析各树种心材和边材的生长特征.结果表明:树种显著地(P<0.001)影响边材年轮数和边材宽度,红松、水曲柳、兴安落叶松、胡桃楸、春榆和黄菠萝的平均边材年轮数分别为9.6、9.5、7.9、6.8、5.0和3.9年,其平均边材宽度分别为1.96、1.27、2.55、1.06、0.72和0.46 cm.被测针叶树边材宽度明显大于阔叶树.心材年轮数与形成层年龄、心材半径和边材宽度与树干去皮半径均存在着极显著的正相关关系(P<0.000 1),而边材年轮数随形成层年龄的变化规律因树种而异.心材形成速率和心材起始树龄因树种而异,分别波动在0.677～1.041 a-1和4.3～8.5年.随树干高度增大心材半径和木质部半径递减,边材宽度则在树干基部异常大,1～2 m向上保持相对稳定.心材年轮数随树高递减,但边材年轮数的变化因树种而异,红松边材年轮数递减,落叶松先增后减,水曲柳先减后增,春榆、胡桃楸和黄菠萝的变化很小.各树种心材和边材特征的显著差异,可以反映出其生长状况、水分利用对策、物质生产等方面的差异. 相似文献
7.
林地土壤类型对毛白杨木材性质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对林地土壤对毛白杨木材性质影响的研究进行了综述。结果表明，水肥作用较好的夹淤沙壤质黄潮土生长的毛白杨木材纤维长度、宽度及全干缩率略大于通体沙壤质黄潮土的毛白杨，而前者的木材纤维长宽比、微纤丝角、气干密度、基本密度、抗弯弹性模量、抗弯强度和顺纹抗压强度略低于后者；木材pH值随土壤pH值的增加而减少，心、边材pH值匀呈酸性，且心材酸性强于边材；碱缓冲容量和总缓冲容量心材大于边材；酸缓冲容量心、边材差异很少；通体沙壤质黄潮土生长的毛白杨木材pH高于夹淤沙壤质黄潮土生长的毛白杨材，尤其边材差异更大；而土壤类型对木材的酸碱和总缓冲容量的影响甚微。方差分析，除木材密度、微纤丝角差异达到显著水平外，其它各项指标差异均不显著。 相似文献
8.
不同林分密度对桉树幼林木材材性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对两种桉树无性系(巨细桉DH201-2和尾巨桉DH32-29)在5种不同林分密度下(1250、1657、2500、5000和6667株.hm-2)的木材材性(包括木材基本密度和纤维形态特征)进行了测量和研究分析(纤维形态特征分两种不同材型分析:心材与边材)。结果表明:无性系DH201-2的林分密度3(2 500株.hm-2)木材基本密度最大,为452 kg.m-3,DH32-29以林分密度2(1657株.hm-2)的木材密度最大,为436 kg.m-3;相同无性系相同林分密度下,边材纤维长度比心材纤维长度长,边材长宽比一般比心材长宽比要大,纤维宽度则无显著差异;无性系DH201-2的林分密度3(2500株.hm-2)和林分密度5(6667株.hm-2)是符合林分蓄积量、木材基本密度和纤维长度最大值的组合。 相似文献
9.
以小黑杨人工林为对象,研究树冠特征对木材性质和生长量的影响.结果表明:树冠特征对木材基本密度影响不显著;对抗弯弹性模量(MOE)和顺纹抗压强度影响显著,对抗弯强度(MOR)影响不显著;对纤维长度、纤维宽度以及纤维长宽比影响不大;对胸高处湿心材、边材影响极显著.MOE、MOR和顺纹抗压强度与冠幅、冠长呈负相关.线性回归方程能较好地拟合顺纹抗压强度与冠幅的关系,R2值达到0.61;纤维长度、宽度与冠幅、冠长呈一定的正相关;湿心材面积、边材面积与冠幅、冠长呈高度正相关,边材面积与冠幅间存在密切的线性关系,方程的R2值达到0.78,二次多项式方程能很好地拟合湿心材面积与冠幅的关系,R2值为0.91. 相似文献
10.
11.
The amount of heartwood and sapwood in Eucalyptus globulus Labill. wood was determined in commercial pulpwood plantations at harvest age (12 to 15 years) in four ites in central portugal. twelve trees were sampled in each site at nine stem height levels. Heartwood was present in all the trees up to 82%–87% of the total tree height and amounted to 38%–41% of the total tree volume. The heartwood proportion in the stem cross-section decreased from the base upwards, representing 53.3% and 26.1% of the total area respectively at the base and 55% height level. The sapwood width remained relatively constant along the stem at a mean 38 mm up to the 55% height level. The trees within the site, the height level and their interaction were highly significant sources of variation for heartwood proportion and sapwood width. The heartwood diameter and sapwood width were positively correlated with radial tree growth. 相似文献
12.
The wood quality from 50- to 70-year-old Tectona grandis trees from an unmanaged forest in East Timor was assessed. The aim was to evaluate teak in mature stands that had undergone
uncontrolled disturbances, e.g., fire and local community usage. Heartwood represented 91% of the tree radius at a height
of 1.7 m, and sapwood contained on average nine rings. The mean ring width showed within-tree and between-tree variability.
The chemical compositions of heartwood and sapwood were similar. Within-tree chemical variation occurred only in terms of
extractives, which increased from the pith (8.3%) to the heartwood-sapwood transition (12.7%) and decreased in the sapwood
(9.2%). Overall, the wood properties of teak from a unmanaged forest in East Timor were comparable to those reported for plantation
teaks of other origin: 607 kg/m3 basic density, 3.5% and 5.2% radial and tangential shrinkage, 141 N/mm2 modulus of rupture, 10684 N/mm2 modulus of elasticity, and 50 N/mm2 maximum crushing strength in compression parallel to the grain. Disturbances on individual tree growth arising from the unmanaged
status of the stand were evidenced by higher within-tree variability of ring width. However, the longitudinal and radial variations
of wood density and mechanical properties were of low magnitude and in a degree that did not negatively impact on timber quality. 相似文献
13.
Alexander Berrocal Johana Gaitan-Alvarez Roger Moya David Fernandez-Solis Edgar Ortiz-Malavassi 《林业研究》2020,31(2):667-676
To elucidate the development of heartwood,bark,sapwood,pith and specific gravity of wood in fastgrowing teak(Tectona grandis)plantations in Costa Rica,we sampled three trees in each of 55 plantations and modelled each variable with age,site and different tree heights.Age and stand density of plantations were significant correlated with stem diameter at breast height and total height of the tree.Formation of heartwood was initiated at the age of 4-year-old and increased in direct proportion with age.The age of plantation had a significant relationship with stem diameter at breast height,heartwood percentage,sapwood thickness,sapwood percentage,percentage of bark,pith diameter and percentage,and specify gravity.The model for these tree parameters was model with these parameters as dependent variable and in relation to age as independent variable. 相似文献
14.
针对福建建瓯的7年生33个产地的木荷种源试验林,研究揭示其生长和木材基本密度的种源差异及地理变异模式,并依据聚类分析结果进行速生优质种源选择。结果表明,木荷胸径、树高、枝下高、材积指数和木材基本密度等存在显著或极显著的种源变异,其中以材积指数的种源变异最大。木荷生长和木材基本密度的种源变异主要受产地温度影响,呈典型的纬向变异模式,来自纬度较低、温度较高产地的木荷种源,其树高、胸径和材积指数等生长量较大,木材基本密度较小。木荷各性状间也存在相关性,其木材基本密度与生长性状呈显著负相关。除存在显著的种源效应外,不同重复间的微立地效应也非常显著,在较差立地条件下,木荷种源的生长量较小,但木材基本密度呈现增大趋势。基于生长和木材基本密度进行种源聚类,可大致将木荷划分为中心种源区、中部种源区和北部种源区3个种源区。同时,以高于材积指数和木材基本密度种源总体均值为选择标准,分别初选出17个速生型和11个速生优质型木荷优良种源,其中多数优良种源来源于南岭山脉—武夷山脉的中心种源区。 相似文献
15.
观光木的生材性质研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对观光木的生材密度、含水率、树皮率及心材率进行测定分析,结果表明:观光木的生材密度从髓心向外呈先减小再增大的趋势,随着树高的增加,亦呈先减小再增大的趋势,其平均值为0.873 g.cm-3;基本密度自髓心向外逐渐增大,随着树高增加,呈先减小后增大再减小的趋势,其平均值为0.423 g.cm-3;含水率从髓心向外呈减小的趋势,随着树高的增加,呈先增大后减小再增大的趋势,其平均值为108.4%;树皮的体积百分率及质量百分率均随着树高的增加而增加,其平均值分别为13.5%、15.8%;心材率随着树高的增加而减少,心材百分率平均值为15.6%。 相似文献
16.
Stephen C. Sillett Robert Van Pelt George W. Koch Anthony R. Ambrose Allyson L. Carroll Marie E. Antoine Brett M. Mifsud 《Forest Ecology and Management》2010
How long forest trees can sustain wood production with increasing age remains an open question, primarily because whole-crown structure and growth cannot be readily measured from the ground or on felled trees. We climbed and directly measured crown structures and growth rates of 43 un-suppressed individuals (site trees) of the two tallest species – Eucalyptus regnans and Sequoia sempervirens – representing a wide range of tree sizes and ages. In both species, ground-level measurements of annual growth, including height, ring width, and basal area increment, exhibited the oft-reported trend of decreasing growth (or no change in growth) with age, yet wood production of the entire main trunk and whole crown both increased with size and age up to and including the largest and oldest trees we measured. The balance between structural metrics of whole-crown respiratory demands (cambium area, inner bark volume, sapwood volume, and heartwood deposition area) and photosynthetic capacity (leaf area and green bark area) was statistically independent of size but not age. After accounting for the effect of size, trees with lower potential respiratory demands grew more than trees with higher potential respiratory demands per unit photosynthetic area. The strongest determinant of tree energy balance was the ratio of aboveground cambium area to leaf area. Among the site trees we examined, over 85% of the variation in annual wood production was explained by variation in size, and the proportion of total aboveground wood production in appendages (branches, limbs, and reiterated trunks) increased linearly with size. With increasing age in both species, the proportion of annual wood production converted to heartwood increased in main trunks and appendages. The oldest tree we measured produced more heartwood in its main trunk over 651 years (351 m3) than contained in any tree we measured <1500 years old. The two tallest tree species achieve similar stature despite divergent growth dynamics and ecologies. At one extreme, E. regnans attains great size quickly but dies relatively young because trees are susceptible to fire and fungi. At the other extreme, S. sempervirens attains great size more slowly but has a long lifespan because trees resist fire and prioritize investment in decay-resistant heartwood. Increasing wood production as trees age is a mechanism underlying the maintenance of biomass accumulation during forest development and the carbon-sink capacity of old-growth forests. 相似文献
17.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):139-144
Abstract The heartwood and sapwood from Scots pine (PS), Norway spruce (PA), and Oriental spruce (PO) were tested for susceptibility to discoloring fungi and water uptake. In addition, annual ring width and density were measured. The methods used were Mycologg for testing growth of fungi and a modified version of EN 927-5 to investigate water uptake. For pine, the heartwood showed a lower water uptake and no discoloring fungi growing in the tests. The heartwood had a significantly higher density and smaller annual ring width than the sapwood. In PA the heartwood had significantly lower discoloration than sapwood. The total water uptake in g/m2 was significantly higher in sapwood, but not the calculated moisture content. As for wood properties, the density was significantly higher in sapwood compared to heartwood, although there were no differences in annual ring width. Regarding PO, differences in water uptake could be seen between sapwood and heartwood although the densities were similar. These results show that susceptibility to discoloring fungi and water uptake is hard to correlate to a single inherent property when looking at different wood species. 相似文献
18.
Significant efforts have been made to improve teak; however, evaluation in juvenile step is limited. The objective of this study was to conduct an early assessment of the wood properties of 4-year-old Tectona grandis. Samples of 36 clones were collected to determine their morphological tree parameters [diameter a breast height (DBH), diameter of the second log, tree height, and log quality]. Presence of growth stress, heartwood percentage, shrinkage (radial, tangential, and volumetric), basic density, and ultrasound velocity (USV) were determined for standing trees, logs, green lumber, and dry lumber. The results indicate that DBH and USV in standing trees can be used to predict elastic module (ED), mainly ED of the standing tree and dry lumber, as well as the possible presence of growth stress. Additionally, growth stress can be predicted by UVS in standing tree. Tangential and volumetric shrinkage were not predicted by tree morphology, but radial shrinkage was predicted by diameter and UVS was not affected by any shrinkage. Basic density was predicted by DBH and UVS measured in log. 相似文献
19.
We evaluated heartwood, sapwood and bark content in teak trees. A total of 27 sample plots were laid out in teak plantations raised by State Forest Department in Karnataka covering different age groups... 相似文献
20.
黑木相思株内木材基本材性变化与树龄关系的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对不同树龄和径向位置黑木相思木材的物理和主要力学性质测定研究表明:黑木相思株内边材、心材密度和主要力学性质随着树龄的增大而增大,径向和弦向的体积干缩率随着树龄的增大而减小;相同树龄黑木相思的边材密度和力学性能比心材小,干缩率比心材大.因此,在利用黑木相思时应对树龄、心边材径向位置加以特别考虑. 相似文献